一种基于普通分布目标的极化SAR幅相不平衡快速评价方法
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摘要
目前,有多种算法利用定标场和布设的定标器估算幅相不平衡,但基于定标场和定标器的方法存在时间和空间上的局限性,不能满足常态化极化质量监测的需求。基于地物的散射统计特性,提出一种基于普通分布目标的极化SAR幅相不平衡快速评价方法。给出该方法对地物散射特性的要求,并采用统计计算的策略,降低方法对地物的要求。该方法能够实现幅相不平衡的便捷常态化评估。半物理仿真实验和GF-3实测数据实验验证了该方法的有效性。
There are a variety of algorithms in which the calibrated field and calibrator are used to calculate the channel imbalance, but they do not meet the need of normalized quality monitoring because of the limitations to area and revisit frequency. In this work, based on the statistical properties of ground objects' scattering, a fast evaluation method of channel imbalance of polarimetric SAR based on common distributed targets is proposed. The requirements of the method on the scattering characteristics of ground objects are deduced, and the statistical calculation methods are adopted to reduce the requirements. This method achieves the convenient and normalized evaluation of channel imbalance. The experiments of semi-physical simulation and of GF-3 measured data verify the effectiveness of the method.
There are a variety of algorithms in which the calibrated field and calibrator are used to calculate the channel imbalance, but they do not meet the need of normalized quality monitoring because of the limitations to area and revisit frequency. In this work, based on the statistical properties of ground objects' scattering, a fast evaluation method of channel imbalance of polarimetric SAR based on common distributed targets is proposed. The requirements of the method on the scattering characteristics of ground objects are deduced, and the statistical calculation methods are adopted to reduce the requirements. This method achieves the convenient and normalized evaluation of channel imbalance. The experiments of semi-physical simulation and of GF-3 measured data verify the effectiveness of the method.
引文
[1] 折小强, 仇晓兰, 雷斌, 等. 一种极化熵结合混合GEV模型的全极化SAR潮间带区域地物分类方法[J]. 雷达学报, 2017, 6(5):554-563.
[2] 张妙然, 刘畅. 基于特征筛选和二级分类的极化SAR建筑提取算法[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2018, 35(1):89-95.
[3] 文伟, 王英华, 冯博, 等. 基于监督非相干字典学习的极化SAR图像舰船目标检测[J]. 自动化学报, 2015, 41(11):1 926-1 940.
[4] Liu J, Liao J J, Shen G Z. Retrieval of wetland vegetation biomass in Poyang Lake based on quad-polarization image[J]. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources, 2012, 24(3):38-43.
[5] Yuzugullu O, Erten E, Hajnsek I. Estimation of rice crop height from X- and C-band PolSAR by metamodel-based optimization[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2017, 10(1):194-204.
[6] Whitt M W, Ulaby F T, Polatin P, et al. A general polarimetric radar calibration technique[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1991, 39(1):62-67.
[7] Freeman A, Shen Y, Werner C L. Polarimetric SAR calibration experiment using active radar calibrators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1990, 28(2):224-240.
[8] Van Zyl J J. Calibration of polarimetric radar images using only image parameters and trihedral corner reflector responses[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1990, 28(3):337-348.
[9] Quegan S. A unified algorithm for phase and cross-talk calibration of polarimetric data-theory and observations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1994, 32(1):89-99.
[10] Ainsworth T L, Ferro-Famil L, Lee J S. Orientation angle preserving a posteriori polarimetric SAR calibration[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 44(4):994-1 003.
[11] Villa A, Iannini L, Giudici D, et al. Calibration of SAR polarimetric images by means of a covariance matching approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2015, 53(2):674-686.
[12] 丁赤飚, 刘佳音, 雷斌, 等. 高分三号SAR卫星系统级几何定位精度初探[J]. 雷达学报, 2017, 6(1):11-16.
[13] Souyris J C, Imbo P, Fjortoft R, et al. Compact polarimetry based on symmetry properties of geophysical media: the /spl pi//4 mode[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2005, 43(3):634-646.
[14] Freeman A, Durden S L. A three-component scattering model for polarimetric SAR data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1998, 36(3):963-973.
[15] Guissard A. Phase calibration of polarimetric radars from slightly rough surfaces[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1994, 32(3):712-715.
[16] Zebker H A, Lou Y. Phase calibration of imaging radar polarimeter Stokes matrices[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2002, 28(2):246-252.附录在此详细推导式(2)和式(4)。首先,展开式(1),得 则M的4个极化分量各自的共轭乘积并求空间平均后,得到4个等式,如下:式中,〈·〉表示空间求平均,表示求绝对值。对式(A2)等式两边取对数,则有式中,的含义与式(2)中的一致。利用式(A3)的4个等式求解方程,即得到式(2)。再根据式(A1),可以得到 对式(A4)的等式两边求相位,记P为复数的相位,得 再利用式(A5)的2个等式求解方程,即得到式(4)。
[2] 张妙然, 刘畅. 基于特征筛选和二级分类的极化SAR建筑提取算法[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2018, 35(1):89-95.
[3] 文伟, 王英华, 冯博, 等. 基于监督非相干字典学习的极化SAR图像舰船目标检测[J]. 自动化学报, 2015, 41(11):1 926-1 940.
[4] Liu J, Liao J J, Shen G Z. Retrieval of wetland vegetation biomass in Poyang Lake based on quad-polarization image[J]. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources, 2012, 24(3):38-43.
[5] Yuzugullu O, Erten E, Hajnsek I. Estimation of rice crop height from X- and C-band PolSAR by metamodel-based optimization[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2017, 10(1):194-204.
[6] Whitt M W, Ulaby F T, Polatin P, et al. A general polarimetric radar calibration technique[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1991, 39(1):62-67.
[7] Freeman A, Shen Y, Werner C L. Polarimetric SAR calibration experiment using active radar calibrators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1990, 28(2):224-240.
[8] Van Zyl J J. Calibration of polarimetric radar images using only image parameters and trihedral corner reflector responses[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1990, 28(3):337-348.
[9] Quegan S. A unified algorithm for phase and cross-talk calibration of polarimetric data-theory and observations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1994, 32(1):89-99.
[10] Ainsworth T L, Ferro-Famil L, Lee J S. Orientation angle preserving a posteriori polarimetric SAR calibration[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 44(4):994-1 003.
[11] Villa A, Iannini L, Giudici D, et al. Calibration of SAR polarimetric images by means of a covariance matching approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2015, 53(2):674-686.
[12] 丁赤飚, 刘佳音, 雷斌, 等. 高分三号SAR卫星系统级几何定位精度初探[J]. 雷达学报, 2017, 6(1):11-16.
[13] Souyris J C, Imbo P, Fjortoft R, et al. Compact polarimetry based on symmetry properties of geophysical media: the /spl pi//4 mode[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2005, 43(3):634-646.
[14] Freeman A, Durden S L. A three-component scattering model for polarimetric SAR data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1998, 36(3):963-973.
[15] Guissard A. Phase calibration of polarimetric radars from slightly rough surfaces[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1994, 32(3):712-715.
[16] Zebker H A, Lou Y. Phase calibration of imaging radar polarimeter Stokes matrices[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2002, 28(2):246-252.附录在此详细推导式(2)和式(4)。首先,展开式(1),得 则M的4个极化分量各自的共轭乘积并求空间平均后,得到4个等式,如下:式中,〈·〉表示空间求平均,表示求绝对值。对式(A2)等式两边取对数,则有式中,的含义与式(2)中的一致。利用式(A3)的4个等式求解方程,即得到式(2)。再根据式(A1),可以得到 对式(A4)的等式两边求相位,记P为复数的相位,得 再利用式(A5)的2个等式求解方程,即得到式(4)。