空间太阳极紫外无狭缝光谱成像技术综述
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摘要
太阳光谱成像观测是太阳物理和空间天气研究的重要数据来源。极紫外观测是目前在空间观测太阳的主要手段。现阶段太阳极紫外成像主要通过极紫外成像望远镜和狭缝成像光谱仪实现。成像望远镜能直接获得全日面的活动图像,但不能得到对应的光谱信息。狭缝成像光谱仪可以得到高光谱分辨率的光谱信息,但视场很小,不能得到整个活动区域的信息,限制了对于太阳爆发现象的观测。无狭缝光谱成像技术可以突破这种限制,得到带高分辨率光谱信息的全日面图像,从而获得太阳爆发现象的形态演化、速度、角度信息,对于太阳物理研究和空间天气预报有独特优势。文章综述了自20世纪70年代以来发展的3种太阳极紫外无狭缝成像技术形式,说明了其各自的优缺点;介绍了近年来发展的多级衍射光谱成像方式的原理,旨在为发展我国新型空间太阳观测仪器提供借鉴。
The solar spectroscopic observation data provide importance source for the solar physics and the space weather research. The Extreme Ultraviolet(EUV) is the best optical band for observing the solar activities such as the flares and the coronal holes. The EUV imaging telescope and the slit spectrometer are the most important payloads onboard the solar observation satellites. The conventional solar EUV telescopes are capable of imaging the whole solar disk but without the spectral information. A slit spectrometer can obtain a highresolution spectral image, but it takes too long time scanning an active area, which makes it difficult to catch the dynamics of the highly transient solar activities. These limitations make it very difficult to conduct the highresolution observation of the solar activities and to study its mechanism. This paper introduces three different types of slitless spectrometer originated from 1970 's. The currently emerged multi-stage diffractive spectral imaging is detailed as a new type of solar EUV slitless imaging technique, which may serve as a reference for China's space solar observation missions.
The solar spectroscopic observation data provide importance source for the solar physics and the space weather research. The Extreme Ultraviolet(EUV) is the best optical band for observing the solar activities such as the flares and the coronal holes. The EUV imaging telescope and the slit spectrometer are the most important payloads onboard the solar observation satellites. The conventional solar EUV telescopes are capable of imaging the whole solar disk but without the spectral information. A slit spectrometer can obtain a highresolution spectral image, but it takes too long time scanning an active area, which makes it difficult to catch the dynamics of the highly transient solar activities. These limitations make it very difficult to conduct the highresolution observation of the solar activities and to study its mechanism. This paper introduces three different types of slitless spectrometer originated from 1970 's. The currently emerged multi-stage diffractive spectral imaging is detailed as a new type of solar EUV slitless imaging technique, which may serve as a reference for China's space solar observation missions.
引文
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[14]HARRA L K,MATTHEWS S,CULHANE J L,et al.The location of non-thermal velocity in the early phases of large flares-revealing pre-eruption flux ropes[J].APJ,2013,774:122
[15]CULHANE J L,Harra L K,Doschek G A,et al.The Solar-B EUV imaging spectrometer and its science goals[J].Advances in Space Research,2005,36:1494-1502
[16]TOUSEY R,BARTOE J F,BRUECKNER G E,et al.Extreme ultraviolet spectroheliograph at experiment S082A[J].Appl Opt,1977,16:870-878
[17]ZHITNIK I A,KUZIN S V,URNOV A M,et al.X-ray and EUV diagnostics of active plasma structures with the RES spectroheliograph in the SPIRIT experiment onboard the CORONAS-F satellite[J].Solar System Research,2006,40(4):272-281
[18]FOX J L,KANKELBORG C C,THOMAS R J.Atransition region explosive event observed in He ii with the MOSES sounding rocket[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2010,719:1132-1143
[19]盛方梁.太阳极紫外无缝成像光谱仪反演算法研究[D].北京:中国科学院国家空间科学中心,2016:6-7
[20]KANKELBORG C C,THOMAS R J.Simultaneous imaging and spectroscopy of the solar atmosphere:advantages and challenges of a 3-order slitless spectrograph[J].Proc SPIE,2001,4498:16-26
[21]盛方梁,彭吉龙.太阳极紫外光谱仪无缝成像技术研究[J].空间科学学报,2016,36(6):925-931SHENG F L,PENG J L.Study of slitless imaging technique of solar extreme ultraviolet spectrometer[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2016,36(6):925-931
[2]ASCHWANDEN M J,WUELSER J P,NITTA N V,et al.Solar flare and CME observations with STEREO/EUVI[J].Solar Physics,2009,256:1-2,3-40
[3]KUZIN S V,ZHITNIK I A,SHESTOV S V.The TESISexperiment on the CORONAS-PHOTON spacecraft[J].Solar System Research,2011,45(2):162-173
[4]PESNELL W D,THOMPSON B J,CHAMBERLIN P C.The solar dynamics observatory(SDO)[J].Solar Physics,2012,275(1-2):3-15
[5]LEMEN J R,TITLE A M,et al.The atmospheric imaging assembly(AIA)on the solar dynamics observatory(SDO)[J].Solar Physics,2012,275:17-40
[6]DE PONTIEU B,TITLE A M,LEMEN J R,et al.The interface region imaging spectrograph(IRIS)[J].Solar Phys,2014,289(7):2733-2779
[7]DOMINGO V,FLECK B,POLAND A.The SOHOMission:an overview[J].Solar Physics,1995,162:1-37
[8]DELABOUDINIèRE J P,ARTZNER G E,BRUNAUD J,et al.EIT:Extreme-ultraviolet imaging telescope for the SOHO mission[J].Solar Physics,1995,162:291-312
[9]BRUECKNER G E,HOWARD R A,KOOMEN M J,et al.The large angle and spectroscopic coronagraph(LASCO)[J].Solar Physics,1995,162:357-402
[10]CRANMER S R,KOHL J L,NOCI G.UVCS/SOHO:the first two years[J].Space Science Reviews,1998,85:341-348
[11]MASON H E,YOUNG P R,PIKE C D,et al.Application of spectroscopic diagnostics to early observations with the SOHO coronal diagnostic spectrometer[J].Solar Physics,1997,170:143-161
[12]WILHELM K,CURDT W,MARSH E,et al.Some design and performance features of SUMER:solar ultraviolet measurements of emitted radiation[C]//Proc SPIE 2517:X-Ray and EUV/FUV Spectroscopy and Polarimetry,1995,2517:2-11.DOI:10.1117/12.224908
[13]ZHANG J,DERE K P,HOWARD R A,et al.On the temporal relationship between coronal mass ejections and flares[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2001,559:452-462
[14]HARRA L K,MATTHEWS S,CULHANE J L,et al.The location of non-thermal velocity in the early phases of large flares-revealing pre-eruption flux ropes[J].APJ,2013,774:122
[15]CULHANE J L,Harra L K,Doschek G A,et al.The Solar-B EUV imaging spectrometer and its science goals[J].Advances in Space Research,2005,36:1494-1502
[16]TOUSEY R,BARTOE J F,BRUECKNER G E,et al.Extreme ultraviolet spectroheliograph at experiment S082A[J].Appl Opt,1977,16:870-878
[17]ZHITNIK I A,KUZIN S V,URNOV A M,et al.X-ray and EUV diagnostics of active plasma structures with the RES spectroheliograph in the SPIRIT experiment onboard the CORONAS-F satellite[J].Solar System Research,2006,40(4):272-281
[18]FOX J L,KANKELBORG C C,THOMAS R J.Atransition region explosive event observed in He ii with the MOSES sounding rocket[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2010,719:1132-1143
[19]盛方梁.太阳极紫外无缝成像光谱仪反演算法研究[D].北京:中国科学院国家空间科学中心,2016:6-7
[20]KANKELBORG C C,THOMAS R J.Simultaneous imaging and spectroscopy of the solar atmosphere:advantages and challenges of a 3-order slitless spectrograph[J].Proc SPIE,2001,4498:16-26
[21]盛方梁,彭吉龙.太阳极紫外光谱仪无缝成像技术研究[J].空间科学学报,2016,36(6):925-931SHENG F L,PENG J L.Study of slitless imaging technique of solar extreme ultraviolet spectrometer[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2016,36(6):925-931