辫状河致密砂岩气藏阻流带构型研究——以苏里格气田中二叠统盒8段致密砂岩气藏为例
|
摘要
传统的阻流带构型研究通过分析剩余油与隔夹层的空间组合关系来指导剩余油的挖潜,而对于流动性明显好于油藏的气藏中阻流带构型的研究则较少。为此,以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田辫状河流相储层为例,在储层构型层次分析理论的指导下,以野外露头剖面和大量实钻水平井解剖为基础,结合生产动态分析和气藏工程验证,研究致密气阻流带存在的依据、构型级次、成因类型及规模参数,建立阻流带构型模型,并进行验证。结果表明:(1)苏里格气田辫状河复合有效砂体内存在泥岩或细粒沉积阻流带,并且阻流带是导致直井与水平井动态特征差异、直井泄气半径与实测有效砂体长度不吻合的主要原因;(2)大型辫状河阻流带可划分为河道复合体间(一级)、心滩单砂体间(二级)、心滩单砂体内(三级)共3个构型级次,其中二级阻流带包含河道间泥、泛滥平原泥、致密砂3种成因类型,三级阻流带包含落淤层及坝上沟道2种成因类型;(3)阻流带的几何形态、规模尺度、视厚度等参数差异较大,该气田中二叠统下石盒子组8段气藏水平井平均1 000 m水平段可钻遇各类型阻流带5~7个,单个视厚度介于10~200m;(4)阻流带叠置样式可划分为孤立型、侧向叠置型、堆积垂叠型和切割垂叠型等4种构型模型;(5)较之于直井,运用该研究成果,在苏里格气田通过水平井钻穿阻流带可提高天然气储量动用程度13.02%,并建议1 000 m水平段合理压裂段数介于6~8段。
Traditional architectural studies on blocking zones could be usually found on analyzing the spatial relationship between remaining oil and intercalations to guide the potential tapping of remaining oil, while few literatures could be searched for focusing on the architecture of blocking zones in the gas reservoirs the fluidity of which is much better than that of oil reservoirs. In this paper, the braided river reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin, were taken as examples. Under the guidance of reservoir architectural hierarchical analysis theory, based on field outcrop section and abundant analysis of actual horizontal wells, combined with production performance analysis and gas reservoir engineering verification, the existing evidence, grade classification, genetic type and scale parameters of blocking zones were studied, and its architecture model was established and verified. And the following research results were obtained. First, there is a blocking zone of muddy or fine-grained sediment in the effective composite sandbody of braided river in the Sulige Gas Field, and it is the main factor leading to the production performance difference between vertical well and horizontal well and the mismatch between the gas drainage radius of vertical well and the measured length of effective sandbody. Second, blocking zones of large scale braided rivers can be divided into three architectural grades: Grade I(between composite channel sandbody), Grade II(between channel bar single sandbody) and Grade III(inside channel bar single sandbody). Grade II blocking zone includes three genetic types, i.e., inter-channel mudstone, floodplain mudstone and tight sandstone, and Grade III blocking zone includes two genetic types, i.e., silt layer and channel on bar. Third, the parameter values of different blocking zones are more different, such as geometry, scale and apparent thickness. On average, 5–7 diverse blocking zones can be drilled in 1000 m horizontal section of horizontal wells in the gas reservoir of the 8 th Member of Lower Shihezi Fm of Middle Permian in the Sulige Gas Field, and the apparent thickness of each blocking zone is 10–200 m. Fourth, the blocking zone superposition patterns can be divided into 4 architectural models, i.e., isolated model, lateral superposition model, vertical stacking superposition model and vertical cutting superposition model. Fifth, compared with vertical well development, horizontal well development can improve the producing degree of natural gas reserves in the Sulige Gas Field by 13.02% through penetrating the blocking zones. It is recommended to carry out 6–8 fracturing stages in 1 000 m horizontal section.
Traditional architectural studies on blocking zones could be usually found on analyzing the spatial relationship between remaining oil and intercalations to guide the potential tapping of remaining oil, while few literatures could be searched for focusing on the architecture of blocking zones in the gas reservoirs the fluidity of which is much better than that of oil reservoirs. In this paper, the braided river reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin, were taken as examples. Under the guidance of reservoir architectural hierarchical analysis theory, based on field outcrop section and abundant analysis of actual horizontal wells, combined with production performance analysis and gas reservoir engineering verification, the existing evidence, grade classification, genetic type and scale parameters of blocking zones were studied, and its architecture model was established and verified. And the following research results were obtained. First, there is a blocking zone of muddy or fine-grained sediment in the effective composite sandbody of braided river in the Sulige Gas Field, and it is the main factor leading to the production performance difference between vertical well and horizontal well and the mismatch between the gas drainage radius of vertical well and the measured length of effective sandbody. Second, blocking zones of large scale braided rivers can be divided into three architectural grades: Grade I(between composite channel sandbody), Grade II(between channel bar single sandbody) and Grade III(inside channel bar single sandbody). Grade II blocking zone includes three genetic types, i.e., inter-channel mudstone, floodplain mudstone and tight sandstone, and Grade III blocking zone includes two genetic types, i.e., silt layer and channel on bar. Third, the parameter values of different blocking zones are more different, such as geometry, scale and apparent thickness. On average, 5–7 diverse blocking zones can be drilled in 1000 m horizontal section of horizontal wells in the gas reservoir of the 8 th Member of Lower Shihezi Fm of Middle Permian in the Sulige Gas Field, and the apparent thickness of each blocking zone is 10–200 m. Fourth, the blocking zone superposition patterns can be divided into 4 architectural models, i.e., isolated model, lateral superposition model, vertical stacking superposition model and vertical cutting superposition model. Fifth, compared with vertical well development, horizontal well development can improve the producing degree of natural gas reserves in the Sulige Gas Field by 13.02% through penetrating the blocking zones. It is recommended to carry out 6–8 fracturing stages in 1 000 m horizontal section.
引文
[1]王丽娟,何东博,冀光,贾成业,刘群明.阻流带对子洲气田低渗透砂岩气藏开发的影响[J].天然气工业,2013,33(5):56-60.Wang Lijuan,He Dongbo,Ji Guang,Jia Chengye&Liu Qunming.Impact of blocking zones on the development of low-permeability sandstone gas reservoirs in the Zizhou Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(5):56-60.
[2]罗晓义,马素俊.试井及生产动态资料在阻流带评价中的应用--以庄9井区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(1):96-98.Luo Xiaoyi&Ma Sujun.Application of well test and dynamic data to evaluation on choked flow zone:A case study of Zhuang 9well block[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2010,17(1):96-98.
[3]姜艳东,万玉金,钟世敏,刘晓华,邹春梅.考虑阻流带的低渗透气藏数值模拟[J].天然气工业,2010,30(11):53-55.Jiang Yandong,Wan Yujin,Zhong Shimin,Liu Xiaohua&Zou Chunmei.A numerical simulation study on a low-perpeability gas reservoir considering a blocking zone[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(11):53-55.
[4]王改云,杨少春,廖飞燕,武群虎.辫状河储层中隔夹层的层次结构分析[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):378-383.Wang Gaiyun,Yang Shaochun,Liao Feiyan&Wu Qunhu.Hierarchical structure of barrier beds and interbeds in braider river reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):378-383.
[5]刘钰铭,侯加根,王连敏,薛建军,刘显贺,付晓亮.辫状河储层构型分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(1):7-11.Liu Yuming,Hou Jiagen,Wang Lianmin,Xue Jianjun,Liu Xianhe&Fu Xiaoliang.Architecture analysis of braided river reservoir[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2009,33(1):7-11.
[6]刘钰铭,侯加根,宋保全,周新茂,陈宏魁,张腊梅.辫状河厚砂层内部夹层表征--以大庆喇嘛甸油田为例[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):836-841.Liu Yuming,Hou Jiagen,Song Baoquan,Zhou Xinmao,Chen Hongkui&Zhang Lamei.Characterization of interlayers within braided-river thick sandstones:A case study on the Lamadian Oilfield in Daqing[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(5):836-841.
[7]何光怀,李进步,王继平,张吉.苏里格气田开发技术新进展及展望[J].天然气工业,2011,31(2):12-16.He Guanghuai,Li Jinbu,Wang Jiping&Zhang Ji.New progress and outlook of development technologies in the Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(2):12-16.
[8]张明禄,樊友宏,何光怀,张宗林,田建峰.长庆气区低渗透气藏开发技术新进展及攻关方向[J].天然气工业,2013,33(8):1-7.Zhang Minglu,Fan Youhong,He Guanghuai,Zhang Zonglin&Tian Jianfeng.Latest progress in development technologies for low permeability gas reservoirs in the Changning Gas Zone[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):1-7.
[9]余淑明,刘艳侠,武力超,贾增强.低渗透气藏水平井开发技术难点及攻关建议--以鄂尔多斯盆地为例[J].天然气工业,2013,33(1):54-60.Yu Shuming,Liu Yanxia,Wu Lichao&Jia Zengqiang.Technical difficulties and proposed countermeasures in drilling horizontal wells in low-permeability reservoirs:A case study from the Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(1):54-60.
[10]卢涛,张吉,李跃刚,王继平,万单夫,朱亚军,等.苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏水平井开发技术及展望[J].天然气工业,2013,33(8):38-43.Lu Tao,Zhang Ji,Li Yuegang,Wang Jiping,Wan Danfu,Zhu Yajun,et al.Horizontal well development technology for tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):38-43.
[11]刘乃震,何凯,叶成林.地质工程一体化在苏里格致密气藏开发中的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):53-60.Liu Naizhen,He Kai&Ye Chenglin.Application of geology-engineering integration in the development of tight gas reservoir in Sulige Gasfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):53-60.
[12]罗超,贾爱林,郭建林,何东博,位云生,罗水亮.苏里格气田有效储层解析与水平井长度优化[J].天然气工业,2016,36(3):41-48.Luo Chao,Jia Ailin,Guo Jianlin,He Dongbo,Wei Yunsheng&Luo Shuiliang.Analysis on effective reservoirs and length optimization of horizontal wells in the Sulige Gasfield[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(3):41-48.
[13]刘群明,唐海发,冀光,孟德伟,王键.苏里格致密砂岩气田水平井开发地质目标优选[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1360-1366.Liu Qunming,Tang Haifa,Ji Guang,Meng Dewei&Wang Jian.Geological target optimization for horizontal well development of tight sand gas,Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1360-1366.
[14]何东博,贾爱林,冀光,位云生,唐海发.苏里格大型致密砂岩气田开发井型井网技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):79-89.He Dongbo,Jia Ailin,Ji Guang,Wei Yunsheng&Tang Haifa.Well type and pattern optimization technology for large scale tight sand gas,Sulige Gas Field[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(1):79-89.
[15]Miall AD.Architectural-element analysis:A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1985,22(4):261-308.
[16]李易隆,贾爱林,何东博.致密砂岩有效储层形成的控制因素[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):71-82.Li Yilong,Jia Ailin&He Dongbo.Control factors on the formation of effective reservoirs in tight sands:Example from Guang'an and Sulige gas fields[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):71-82.
[17]陈玉琨,吴胜和,王延杰,毛平,龙明.常年流水型砂质辫状河心滩坝内部落淤层展布样式探讨[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2015,35(1):96-101.Chen Yukun,Wu Shenghe,Wang Yanjie,Mao Ping&Long Ming.Distribution patterns of the fall-siltseams in the channel bar of the perennial sandy braided river:An approach[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2015,35(1):96-101.
[18]温立峰,吴胜和,岳大力.粗粒辫状河心滩内部泥质夹层分布新模式--以吴官屯野外露头为例[J].石油地质与工程,2016,30(4):5-7.Wen Lifeng,Wu Shenghe&Yue Dali.New distribution pattern of mudstone interlayer within batture bar reservoir of braided river:A case study of field outcrops in Wuguantun[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2016,30(4):5-7.
[19]Skelly RL,Bristow CS&Ethridge FG.Architecture of channel-belt deposits in an aggrading shallow sandbed braided river:The Lower Niobrara River,Northeast Nebraska[J].Sedimentary Geology,2003,158(3/4):249-270.
[20]Pickering JL,Goodbred SL,Reitz MD,Hartzog TR,Mondal DR&Hossain MS.Late Quaternary sedimentary record and Holocene channel avulsions of the Jamuna and Old Brahmaputra River valleys in the upper Bengal delta plain[J].Geomorphology,2014,227(S1):123-136.
[21]Akhtar MP,Sharma N,Ojha CSP.Braiding process and bank erosion in the Brahmaputra River[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2011,26(4):431-444.
[22]廖保方,张为民,李列,逯径铁,葛云龙,闻兰,等.辫状河现代沉积研究与相模式--中国永定河剖析[J].沉积学报,1998,16(1):34-39.Liao Baofang,Zhang Weimin,Li Lie,Lu Jingtie,Ge Yunlong,Wen Lan,et al.Study on modern deposit of a braided stream and facies model:Taking the Yongding River as an example[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(1):34-39.
[23]杨丽莎,陈彬滔,李顺利,于兴河.基于成因类型的砂质辫状河泥岩分布模式--以山西大同侏罗系砂质辫状河露头为例[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(1):93-96.Yang Lisha,Chen Bintao,Li Shunli&Yu Xinghe.Pattern of genesis-based mudstone distribution for sandy braided river:Acase study of sandy braided river outcrop,Datong,Shanxi province,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(1):93-96.
[2]罗晓义,马素俊.试井及生产动态资料在阻流带评价中的应用--以庄9井区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(1):96-98.Luo Xiaoyi&Ma Sujun.Application of well test and dynamic data to evaluation on choked flow zone:A case study of Zhuang 9well block[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2010,17(1):96-98.
[3]姜艳东,万玉金,钟世敏,刘晓华,邹春梅.考虑阻流带的低渗透气藏数值模拟[J].天然气工业,2010,30(11):53-55.Jiang Yandong,Wan Yujin,Zhong Shimin,Liu Xiaohua&Zou Chunmei.A numerical simulation study on a low-perpeability gas reservoir considering a blocking zone[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(11):53-55.
[4]王改云,杨少春,廖飞燕,武群虎.辫状河储层中隔夹层的层次结构分析[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):378-383.Wang Gaiyun,Yang Shaochun,Liao Feiyan&Wu Qunhu.Hierarchical structure of barrier beds and interbeds in braider river reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):378-383.
[5]刘钰铭,侯加根,王连敏,薛建军,刘显贺,付晓亮.辫状河储层构型分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(1):7-11.Liu Yuming,Hou Jiagen,Wang Lianmin,Xue Jianjun,Liu Xianhe&Fu Xiaoliang.Architecture analysis of braided river reservoir[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2009,33(1):7-11.
[6]刘钰铭,侯加根,宋保全,周新茂,陈宏魁,张腊梅.辫状河厚砂层内部夹层表征--以大庆喇嘛甸油田为例[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):836-841.Liu Yuming,Hou Jiagen,Song Baoquan,Zhou Xinmao,Chen Hongkui&Zhang Lamei.Characterization of interlayers within braided-river thick sandstones:A case study on the Lamadian Oilfield in Daqing[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(5):836-841.
[7]何光怀,李进步,王继平,张吉.苏里格气田开发技术新进展及展望[J].天然气工业,2011,31(2):12-16.He Guanghuai,Li Jinbu,Wang Jiping&Zhang Ji.New progress and outlook of development technologies in the Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(2):12-16.
[8]张明禄,樊友宏,何光怀,张宗林,田建峰.长庆气区低渗透气藏开发技术新进展及攻关方向[J].天然气工业,2013,33(8):1-7.Zhang Minglu,Fan Youhong,He Guanghuai,Zhang Zonglin&Tian Jianfeng.Latest progress in development technologies for low permeability gas reservoirs in the Changning Gas Zone[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):1-7.
[9]余淑明,刘艳侠,武力超,贾增强.低渗透气藏水平井开发技术难点及攻关建议--以鄂尔多斯盆地为例[J].天然气工业,2013,33(1):54-60.Yu Shuming,Liu Yanxia,Wu Lichao&Jia Zengqiang.Technical difficulties and proposed countermeasures in drilling horizontal wells in low-permeability reservoirs:A case study from the Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(1):54-60.
[10]卢涛,张吉,李跃刚,王继平,万单夫,朱亚军,等.苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏水平井开发技术及展望[J].天然气工业,2013,33(8):38-43.Lu Tao,Zhang Ji,Li Yuegang,Wang Jiping,Wan Danfu,Zhu Yajun,et al.Horizontal well development technology for tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):38-43.
[11]刘乃震,何凯,叶成林.地质工程一体化在苏里格致密气藏开发中的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):53-60.Liu Naizhen,He Kai&Ye Chenglin.Application of geology-engineering integration in the development of tight gas reservoir in Sulige Gasfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):53-60.
[12]罗超,贾爱林,郭建林,何东博,位云生,罗水亮.苏里格气田有效储层解析与水平井长度优化[J].天然气工业,2016,36(3):41-48.Luo Chao,Jia Ailin,Guo Jianlin,He Dongbo,Wei Yunsheng&Luo Shuiliang.Analysis on effective reservoirs and length optimization of horizontal wells in the Sulige Gasfield[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(3):41-48.
[13]刘群明,唐海发,冀光,孟德伟,王键.苏里格致密砂岩气田水平井开发地质目标优选[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1360-1366.Liu Qunming,Tang Haifa,Ji Guang,Meng Dewei&Wang Jian.Geological target optimization for horizontal well development of tight sand gas,Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1360-1366.
[14]何东博,贾爱林,冀光,位云生,唐海发.苏里格大型致密砂岩气田开发井型井网技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):79-89.He Dongbo,Jia Ailin,Ji Guang,Wei Yunsheng&Tang Haifa.Well type and pattern optimization technology for large scale tight sand gas,Sulige Gas Field[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(1):79-89.
[15]Miall AD.Architectural-element analysis:A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1985,22(4):261-308.
[16]李易隆,贾爱林,何东博.致密砂岩有效储层形成的控制因素[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):71-82.Li Yilong,Jia Ailin&He Dongbo.Control factors on the formation of effective reservoirs in tight sands:Example from Guang'an and Sulige gas fields[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):71-82.
[17]陈玉琨,吴胜和,王延杰,毛平,龙明.常年流水型砂质辫状河心滩坝内部落淤层展布样式探讨[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2015,35(1):96-101.Chen Yukun,Wu Shenghe,Wang Yanjie,Mao Ping&Long Ming.Distribution patterns of the fall-siltseams in the channel bar of the perennial sandy braided river:An approach[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2015,35(1):96-101.
[18]温立峰,吴胜和,岳大力.粗粒辫状河心滩内部泥质夹层分布新模式--以吴官屯野外露头为例[J].石油地质与工程,2016,30(4):5-7.Wen Lifeng,Wu Shenghe&Yue Dali.New distribution pattern of mudstone interlayer within batture bar reservoir of braided river:A case study of field outcrops in Wuguantun[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2016,30(4):5-7.
[19]Skelly RL,Bristow CS&Ethridge FG.Architecture of channel-belt deposits in an aggrading shallow sandbed braided river:The Lower Niobrara River,Northeast Nebraska[J].Sedimentary Geology,2003,158(3/4):249-270.
[20]Pickering JL,Goodbred SL,Reitz MD,Hartzog TR,Mondal DR&Hossain MS.Late Quaternary sedimentary record and Holocene channel avulsions of the Jamuna and Old Brahmaputra River valleys in the upper Bengal delta plain[J].Geomorphology,2014,227(S1):123-136.
[21]Akhtar MP,Sharma N,Ojha CSP.Braiding process and bank erosion in the Brahmaputra River[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2011,26(4):431-444.
[22]廖保方,张为民,李列,逯径铁,葛云龙,闻兰,等.辫状河现代沉积研究与相模式--中国永定河剖析[J].沉积学报,1998,16(1):34-39.Liao Baofang,Zhang Weimin,Li Lie,Lu Jingtie,Ge Yunlong,Wen Lan,et al.Study on modern deposit of a braided stream and facies model:Taking the Yongding River as an example[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(1):34-39.
[23]杨丽莎,陈彬滔,李顺利,于兴河.基于成因类型的砂质辫状河泥岩分布模式--以山西大同侏罗系砂质辫状河露头为例[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(1):93-96.Yang Lisha,Chen Bintao,Li Shunli&Yu Xinghe.Pattern of genesis-based mudstone distribution for sandy braided river:Acase study of sandy braided river outcrop,Datong,Shanxi province,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(1):93-96.