基于空间关系认知的新模式地图设计——以路网构架图表达“一带一路”路线为例
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摘要
地图所要表达的空间结构通常通过空间关系来建构和描述,包括距离关系、方向关系和拓扑关系。本文基于空间关系认知,从定名量表、顺序量表、间隔量表、比率量表4个量表分析了传统地图与新模式地图的空间关系分辨率的变化过程,并以路网架构图为例,对比了传统地图与新模式地图的认知效果,提出在制图中要重视认知效率和表现对象的细节程度。
Spatial structure that maps represented is usually constructed and depicted by spatial relations,including distance relation,direction relation and topologic relation.Based on the cognition of spatial relations,this paper analyzes the process of spatial relations resolution change from traditional maps to new pattern map,which are described by nominal scales,ordinal scales,interval scales and ratio scales.In addition,taking the schematic map as an example,it compares the cognition effects of traditional map to new pattern maps,and put forward to pay attention to cognitive efficiency and the level of representing object's detail in cartography.
Spatial structure that maps represented is usually constructed and depicted by spatial relations,including distance relation,direction relation and topologic relation.Based on the cognition of spatial relations,this paper analyzes the process of spatial relations resolution change from traditional maps to new pattern map,which are described by nominal scales,ordinal scales,interval scales and ratio scales.In addition,taking the schematic map as an example,it compares the cognition effects of traditional map to new pattern maps,and put forward to pay attention to cognitive efficiency and the level of representing object's detail in cartography.
引文
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[17]TI Peng,LI Zhilin.Generation of schematic network maps with automated detection and enlargement of congested areas[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2014,28(3):521-540.
[2]任福,杜清运.智慧城市语境下在线专题制图模式[J].测绘科学,2014,39(8):50-52.
[3]杜清运.从认识论范式看空间系统的智慧化[J].测绘科学,2014,39(8):7-10.
[4]高俊.换一个视角看地图[J].测绘通报,2009,55(1):1-5.
[5]艾廷华.适宜空间认知结果表达的地图形式[J].遥感学报,2008,12(2):347-354.
[6]EGENHOFER M J,HERRING J R.A mathematical framework for the definition of topological relationships[C]//Proc.Of 4th Int.Symposium on Spatial Data Handling,Zürich,1990:803-813
[7]陈军,赵仁亮.GIS空间关系的基本问题与研究进展[J].测绘学报,1999,43(2):95-102.
[8]SCHLIEDER C.Reasoning about Ordering[C]//Lecture Notes in Computer Science,Pisa:Springer-Verlag,1995:341-349.
[9]邓敏.空间关系理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[10]伍德.地图的力量[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2000.
[11]艾廷华.基于空间映射观念的地图综合概念模式[J].测绘学报,2003,32(1):87-92.
[12]Stevens S S.On the theory of scales of measurement[J].Science,1946,103(2684):677-680.
[13]LI Zhilin.General Principles for Automated Generation of Schematic Network Maps[J],The Cartographic Journal,2015,52(4):356-360
[14]杨乃,郭庆胜.示意性轨道交通地图设计的研究[J].测绘科学,2008,33(S):95-97
[15]Siegel A W,White S H.The Development of Spatial Representations of Large-Scale Environments[J].Advances in Child Development&Behavior,1975(10):9-55.
[16]马晨燕,刘耀林,邹辉东.基于视知觉的多维地图符号美感建构[J].测绘通报,2005(1):24-27.
[17]TI Peng,LI Zhilin.Generation of schematic network maps with automated detection and enlargement of congested areas[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2014,28(3):521-540.