基于纹理分水岭的斜坡单元提取算法
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摘要
斜坡单元在以滑坡为主的地质灾害预防和评价中有着广泛的应用,其提取和划分是滑坡灾害风险评估的首要工作和重要基础。针对传统地理信息系统(GIS)方法提取的斜坡单元存在平行边界和误分割问题,提出了基于纹理分水岭的斜坡单元提取方法,通过分割地形图像划分斜坡单元。首先通过预处理地形数据得到数字高程模型(DEM)图像,利用灰度共生矩阵提取DEM纹理特征;然后计算融合灰度和纹理特征的梯度图像,对梯度图像进行基于标记的分水岭分割,使其能够准确获取山体和流域边界;最后,结合正负地形,对山体对象进行分水岭分割以实现斜坡单元的提取。实验结果表明,所提方法对不同地貌类型和分辨率的DEM图像都有良好的划分效果;相较于传统的GIS方法,该方法能够正确分割水平面和倾斜面,有效避免因洼地填平处理而产生的平行边界问题。
Slope units are widely used in the prevention and evaluation of landslide-based geological hazards, whose extraction and division are the primary target and important foundation for the risk assessment of landslide hazards. Considering the parallel boundaries and incorrect segmentation problems of the slope units extracted by traditional Geographic Information System(GIS) method, a slope unit extraction algorithm based on texture watershed was proposed, in which slope units were extracted by segmenting terrain images. Firstly, a Digital Elevation Model(DEM) image was obtained by the pretreatment of terrain data, and DEM texture features were extracted by gray level co-occurrence matrix. Then, the gradient image with gray level fused with texture features was calculated and segmented by marker-based watershed segmentation to accurately obtain mountain boundaries and watershed boundaries. Finally, combined with positive and negative terrains, the mountain objects were segmented by watershed segmentation to extract slope units. The experimental results show that the proposed method is pretty effective in segmentation for DEM images of different landform types and resolutions. Compared with traditional GIS method, horizontal planes and inclined planes can be segmented correctly, and the problem of parallel boundaries caused by filling of depressions can be effectively avoided through the proposed method.
Slope units are widely used in the prevention and evaluation of landslide-based geological hazards, whose extraction and division are the primary target and important foundation for the risk assessment of landslide hazards. Considering the parallel boundaries and incorrect segmentation problems of the slope units extracted by traditional Geographic Information System(GIS) method, a slope unit extraction algorithm based on texture watershed was proposed, in which slope units were extracted by segmenting terrain images. Firstly, a Digital Elevation Model(DEM) image was obtained by the pretreatment of terrain data, and DEM texture features were extracted by gray level co-occurrence matrix. Then, the gradient image with gray level fused with texture features was calculated and segmented by marker-based watershed segmentation to accurately obtain mountain boundaries and watershed boundaries. Finally, combined with positive and negative terrains, the mountain objects were segmented by watershed segmentation to extract slope units. The experimental results show that the proposed method is pretty effective in segmentation for DEM images of different landform types and resolutions. Compared with traditional GIS method, horizontal planes and inclined planes can be segmented correctly, and the problem of parallel boundaries caused by filling of depressions can be effectively avoided through the proposed method.
引文
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[16]沈晶,杨学志.一种新的基于纹理分水岭的纺织品缺陷检测方法[J].中国图象图形学报,2009,14(10):1997-2003.(SHENJ,YANG X Z.A new method for the fabric defect defection based on texture watershed[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2009,14(10):1997-2003.)
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[18]王琛智,汤国安,袁赛,等.基于DEM纹理特征的月貌自动识别方法探究[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(1):45-53.(WANG C Z,TANG G A,YUAN S,et al.A method for identifying the lunar morphology based on texture from DEMs[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2015,17(1):45-53.)
[19]袁春兰,熊宗龙,周雪花,等.基于Sobel算子的图像边缘检测研究[J].激光与红外,2009,39(1):85-87.(YUAN C L,XIONG Z L,ZHOU X H,et al.Study of infrared image edge detection based on Sobel operator[J].Laser and Infrared,2009,39(1):85-87.)
[20]任玉刚,张建,李淼,等.基于分水岭算法的作物病害叶片图像分割方法[J].计算机应用,2012,32(3):752-755.(REN YG,ZHANG J,LI M,et al.Segmentation method for crop disease leaf images based on watershed algorithm[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2012,32(3):752-755.)
[2]谢谟文,江崎哲郎,周国云.基于边坡单元的三维滑坡灾害评价的GIS方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(6):969-976.(XIE M W,TETSURO E,ZHOU G Y.GIS method for slope-unitbased 3d landslide hazard evaluation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(6):969-976.)
[3]颜阁,梁收运,赵红亮.基于GIS的斜坡单元划分方法改进与实现[J].地理科学,2017,37(11):1764-1770.(YAN G,LIANGS Y,ZHAO H L.An approach to improving slope unit division using GIS technique[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(11):1764-1770.)
[4]张曦,陈丽霞,徐勇,等.两种斜坡单元划分方法对滑坡灾害易发性评价的对比研究[J].安全与环境工程,2018,25(1):12-17.(ZHANG X,CHEN L X,XU Y,et al.Comparison of two methods for slope unit division in landslide susceptibility evaluation[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2018,25(1):12-17.)
[5]谢谟文,江崎哲郎,邱骋,等.空间三维滑坡敏感性分区工具及其应用[J].地学前缘,2007,14(6):73-84.(XIE M W,TET-SURO E,QIU C,et al.A spatial three-dimensional landslide susceptibility mapping tool and its applications[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(6):73-84.)
[6]ALVIOLI M,MARCHESINI I,REICHENBACH P,et al.Automatic delineation of geomorphological slope units with r.slopeunits v1.0 and their optimization for landslide susceptibility modeling[J].Geoscientific Model Development,2016,9(11):3975-3991.
[7]SCHLGEL R,MARCHESINI I,ALVIOLI M,et al.Optimizing landslide susceptibility zonation:effects of DEM spatial resolution and slope unit delineation on logistic regression models[J].Geomorphology,2018,301:10-20.
[8]黄启乐,陈伟,唐绪波,等.区域地质灾害评价中斜坡单元划分方法研究[J].自然灾害学报,2017,26(5):157-164.(HUANGQ L,CHEN W,TANG X B,et al.Study on the method of slope unit zoning in regional geo-hazards risk assessment[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2017,26(5):157-164.)
[9]ROMSTAD B,ETZELMüLLER B.Mean-curvature watersheds:a simple method for segmentation of a digital elevation model into terrain units[J].Geomorphology,2012,139/140:293-302.
[10]叶爱中,夏军,王纲胜,等.基于数字高程模型的河网提取及子流域生成[J].水利学报,2005,36(5):531-537.(YE A Z,XIA J,WANG G S,et al.Drainage network extraction and subcatchment delineation based on digital elevation model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(5):531-537.)
[11]GUZZETTI F,CARRARA A,CARDINALI M,et al.Landslide hazard evaluation:a review of current techniques and their application in a multi-scale study,central Italy[J].Geomorphology,1999,31(1/2/3/4):181-216.
[12]刘凯,汤国安,陶旸,等.基于灰度共生矩阵的DEM地形纹理特征量化研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2012,14(6):751-760.(LIU K,TANG G A,TAO Y,et al.GLCM based quantitative analysis of terrain texture from DEMs[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2012,14(6):751-760.)
[13]HILL P R,CANAGARAJAH C N,BULL D R.Image segmentation using a texture gradient based watershed transform[J].IEEETransactions on Image Processing,2003,12(12):1618-1633.
[14]杨家红,刘杰,钟坚成,等.结合分水岭与自动种子区域生长的彩色图像分割算法[J].中国图象图形学报,2010,15(1):63-68.(YANG J H,LIU J,ZHONG J C,et al.A color image segmentation algorithm by integrating watershed with automatic seeded region growing[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2010,15(1):63-68.)
[15]李小红,武敬飞,张国富,等.结合分水岭和区域合并的彩色图像分割[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2013,27(3):247-252.(LIX H,WU J F,ZHANG G F,et al.New color image segmentation based on watershed and region merging[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrument,2013,27(3):247-252.)
[16]沈晶,杨学志.一种新的基于纹理分水岭的纺织品缺陷检测方法[J].中国图象图形学报,2009,14(10):1997-2003.(SHENJ,YANG X Z.A new method for the fabric defect defection based on texture watershed[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2009,14(10):1997-2003.)
[17]李志林,朱庆.数字高程模型[M].2版.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:19-226.(LI Z L,ZHU Q.Digital Elevation Model[M].2nd ed.Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2003:19-226.)
[18]王琛智,汤国安,袁赛,等.基于DEM纹理特征的月貌自动识别方法探究[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(1):45-53.(WANG C Z,TANG G A,YUAN S,et al.A method for identifying the lunar morphology based on texture from DEMs[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2015,17(1):45-53.)
[19]袁春兰,熊宗龙,周雪花,等.基于Sobel算子的图像边缘检测研究[J].激光与红外,2009,39(1):85-87.(YUAN C L,XIONG Z L,ZHOU X H,et al.Study of infrared image edge detection based on Sobel operator[J].Laser and Infrared,2009,39(1):85-87.)
[20]任玉刚,张建,李淼,等.基于分水岭算法的作物病害叶片图像分割方法[J].计算机应用,2012,32(3):752-755.(REN YG,ZHANG J,LI M,et al.Segmentation method for crop disease leaf images based on watershed algorithm[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2012,32(3):752-755.)