新疆萨热克巴依盆内构造样式及对萨热克大型砂砾岩型铜矿床控制规律
|
摘要
新疆乌恰县萨热克式大型砂砾岩型铜多金属矿床受萨热克巴依中生代陆内拉分断陷盆地控制显著,但该盆地内部构造古地理格架和构造样式不明。查明盆内构造样式特征,有助于提升对研究区内成矿规律认识和寻找隐伏矿体。采用构造岩相学填图新技术对该盆地内部构造样式及其对砂砾岩型铜多金属矿床控制规律进行研究,结果表明:(1)阿克苏岩群为盆地下基底构造层和半原地-异地地层系统。古生代地层为盆地上基底构造层和原地地层系统。早侏罗世成盆期为山前拉分断陷沉积形成的粗碎屑岩系,演进含煤碎屑岩系,最终为湖沼相黑色碳质泥岩-灰黑色粉砂岩-煤层。在中侏罗世主成盆期最大湖泛面以深湖相结晶灰岩、湖震相砾屑状泥灰岩-泥质砾岩和震积岩相泥灰质同生角砾岩等为标志,揭示三组NE向同生断裂带是成盆主控同生断裂带。早白垩世向上变粗的陆相碎屑岩系揭示该次级盆地萎缩封闭。(2)构造古地理格局为"三面环山,北西连通",在晚侏罗世初库孜贡苏期发生构造反转后,形成了周缘环山封闭式尾闾湖盆,为萨热克式砂砾岩型铜矿床形成提供了良好构造古地理格局。萨热克巴依次级盆地原型盆地为斜切西南天山造山带的山间盆地,构造动力学类型为中生代陆内拉分断陷盆地。(3)盆地内部构造样式(矿田沉积成岩成矿期构造系统)主要有裙边式复式向斜构造、NW向基底隆起构造带、古构造洼地、构造坡折带和同生断裂带、披覆褶皱等,这些构造样式和组合及后期构造变形样式对砂砾岩型铜多金属矿体控制明显。在隐伏基底隆起构造带上部受层间断裂裂隙带和岩相岩性带圈闭而聚集,推测矿质大规模聚沉机制为在该构造部位富烃类还原性成矿流体与岩相岩性多重耦合,富烃类还原性成矿流体与铜铁氧化物相岩石(含铜紫红色铁质杂砾岩类)强烈地球化学岩相学作用发育,强烈还原作用导致矿质大规模沉淀富集成矿。
The Sareke copper deposit,a large-size glutenite-type copper deposit,had been controlled by the Sarekebayi Mesozoic secondary basin in Xinjiang,China.However,tectonic patterns in this basin remain unclear.To uncover the nature of the tectonic pattern in the basin,it is useful to promote a new high level research on the regularities of mineralization and search for the blind orebody in the studied area.Here,based on the new mapping methods of tectonic lithofacies,the following discoveries were made on the tectonic patterns in the basin and their ore-controlling regularities for the Sareke copper deposit:(1)The Meso-Proterozoic Akesu Group Complex constituted the lower base-tectonic layer attached to the semi-in situ allochthonous system of the strata;whereas the Paleozoic strata had been the upper base-tectonic layer attached to the in situ system of the strata.In the initial stage of the basin formation,the basin was first filled with coarse clastic rocks near the Lower Jurassic sedimentary-fault in the mountain-front,which later evolved into coal-bearing clastic rocks and eventually formed the carbonaceous mudstone,dark siltstone and coal layers in the limnetic facies.The maximum lake flooding plane at the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic main basin formation,however,contained deep-lake,seiche and seismite facies of crystallized limestone,calcirudyte-marl and argillaceous conglomerate,and syngenetic argillo-calcareous breccia,respectively.It suggests that three groups of NE-trending syn-faults might be the main controlling factor for the basin-formation.The enclosure of this wilting intracontinental lake-basin was evidenced by the Lower Cretaceous clastic rocks with up-coarsening in the intracontinental facies.(2) The tectonic paleogeographical framework in the study area was surrounded by mountains on three sides and opened in the NW-trending.Tectonic inversion in the beginning of the Kuzigongsu Stage(the Callovian Stage)resulted in the mountain enclosed lake-basin.Consequently,the remnant of the intracontinental enclosed lake-basin supported the best tectonic paleo-geographical framework,creating an ore-formation environment for the Sareke glutenite-type copper deposit.The Sarekebayi basin was attached to the intracontinental enclosed lake-basin befallen the Southwest Tianshan orogenic belt,and its geodynamics may be of the Mesozoic apartpull sag type.(3)The internal tectonic patterns of the basin mainly consisted of a ruched multiple syncline,the NW-trending base-uplifted zone,paleo-tectonic low-lands,tectonic slope-break,syn-sedimentary faults and drape-folds.These tectonic patterns and their association and subsequent deformation obviously controlled the ore type,i.e.the Sareke-type,aglutenite-type,of the copper deposit.These strong reducing facies of the hydrocarbon's metallogenic fluid might have been enclosed and trapped by the interlayer fault and fracture zone and lithofacies-lithology above the covered base-uplifting zone in the basin.They might have caused the large-scale mineralization and accumulation of mineralizing materials,through multiple coupling with lithofacies-lithological development and strong geochemical lithological interaction with the copper-bearing irony-oxide lithofacies(the amaranth copper-bearing irony hybrid conglomerate).
The Sareke copper deposit,a large-size glutenite-type copper deposit,had been controlled by the Sarekebayi Mesozoic secondary basin in Xinjiang,China.However,tectonic patterns in this basin remain unclear.To uncover the nature of the tectonic pattern in the basin,it is useful to promote a new high level research on the regularities of mineralization and search for the blind orebody in the studied area.Here,based on the new mapping methods of tectonic lithofacies,the following discoveries were made on the tectonic patterns in the basin and their ore-controlling regularities for the Sareke copper deposit:(1)The Meso-Proterozoic Akesu Group Complex constituted the lower base-tectonic layer attached to the semi-in situ allochthonous system of the strata;whereas the Paleozoic strata had been the upper base-tectonic layer attached to the in situ system of the strata.In the initial stage of the basin formation,the basin was first filled with coarse clastic rocks near the Lower Jurassic sedimentary-fault in the mountain-front,which later evolved into coal-bearing clastic rocks and eventually formed the carbonaceous mudstone,dark siltstone and coal layers in the limnetic facies.The maximum lake flooding plane at the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic main basin formation,however,contained deep-lake,seiche and seismite facies of crystallized limestone,calcirudyte-marl and argillaceous conglomerate,and syngenetic argillo-calcareous breccia,respectively.It suggests that three groups of NE-trending syn-faults might be the main controlling factor for the basin-formation.The enclosure of this wilting intracontinental lake-basin was evidenced by the Lower Cretaceous clastic rocks with up-coarsening in the intracontinental facies.(2) The tectonic paleogeographical framework in the study area was surrounded by mountains on three sides and opened in the NW-trending.Tectonic inversion in the beginning of the Kuzigongsu Stage(the Callovian Stage)resulted in the mountain enclosed lake-basin.Consequently,the remnant of the intracontinental enclosed lake-basin supported the best tectonic paleo-geographical framework,creating an ore-formation environment for the Sareke glutenite-type copper deposit.The Sarekebayi basin was attached to the intracontinental enclosed lake-basin befallen the Southwest Tianshan orogenic belt,and its geodynamics may be of the Mesozoic apartpull sag type.(3)The internal tectonic patterns of the basin mainly consisted of a ruched multiple syncline,the NW-trending base-uplifted zone,paleo-tectonic low-lands,tectonic slope-break,syn-sedimentary faults and drape-folds.These tectonic patterns and their association and subsequent deformation obviously controlled the ore type,i.e.the Sareke-type,aglutenite-type,of the copper deposit.These strong reducing facies of the hydrocarbon's metallogenic fluid might have been enclosed and trapped by the interlayer fault and fracture zone and lithofacies-lithology above the covered base-uplifting zone in the basin.They might have caused the large-scale mineralization and accumulation of mineralizing materials,through multiple coupling with lithofacies-lithological development and strong geochemical lithological interaction with the copper-bearing irony-oxide lithofacies(the amaranth copper-bearing irony hybrid conglomerate).
引文
[1]周新源,苗继军.塔里木盆地西北缘前陆冲断带构造分段特征及勘探方向[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):10-18.
[2]李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,等.南天山区域大地构造与演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):94-104.
[3]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.库车坳陷的地质结构及其对大油气田的控制作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):19-32.
[4]何登发,李德生,何金有,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷和西南坳陷油气地质特征类比及勘探启示[J].石油学报,2013,34(2):201-218.
[5]丁孝忠,林畅松,刘景彦,等.塔里木盆地白垩纪—新近纪盆山耦合过程的层序地层响应[J].地学前缘,2011,18(4):144-157.
[6]李江海,周肖贝,李维波,等.塔里木盆地及邻区寒武纪—三叠纪构造古地理格局的初步重建[J].地质学报,2015,61(6):1225-1234.
[7]许效松,汪正江,万方,等.塔里木盆地早古生代构造古地理演化与烃源岩[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):49-57.
[8]宋晓东,李江涛,鲍学伟,等.中国西部大型盆地的深部结构及对盆地形成和演化的意义[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):126-136.
[9]张旗,焦守涛,吴浩若,等.中国三叠纪古地势图[J].古地理学报,2013,15(2):181-202.
[10]吴根耀.中亚造山带南带晚古生代演化:兼论中蒙交界区中—晚二叠世残留海盆的形成[J].古地理学报,2014,16(6):907-925.
[11]唐武,王英民,张雷,等.塔里木盆地三叠纪前缘隆起迁移演化规律[J].古地理学报,2013,15(2):219-230.
[12]罗金海,周新源,邱斌,等.塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂对喀什凹陷的控制作用[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(6):584-587.
[13]李江海,蔡振忠,罗春树,等.塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂带南端构造转换及其新生代区域构造响应[J].地质学报,2007,81(1):23-31.
[14]乔秀夫,李海兵,王思恩,等.新疆境内塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂早侏罗世走滑的古地震证据[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):721-730.
[15]王松,李双应,杨栋栋,等.2012.天山南缘石炭系—三叠系碎屑岩成分及其对物源区大地构造属性的指示[J].岩石学报,8(8):2453-2465.
[16]刘池洋,王建强,赵红格,等.沉积盆地类型划分及其相关问题讨论[J].地学前缘,2015,22(3):1-26.
[17]薛春纪,赵晓波,莫宣学,等.西天山“亚洲金腰带”及其动力背景和成矿控制与找矿[J].地学前缘,2014,21(5):128-155.
[18]薛春纪,赵晓波,莫宣学,等.西天山巨型金铜铅锌成矿带构造成矿演化和找矿方向[J].地质学报,2014,88(12):2490-2531.
[19]陈富文,李华芹.新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金锑矿床成矿作用同位素地质年代学[J].地球学报,2003,24(6):563-567.
[20]杨富全,毛景文,王义天,等.新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床年代学、氦氩碳同位素特征及其地质意义[J].地质论评,2006,52(3):343-350.
[21]刘家军,龙训荣,郑明华,等.新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床石英的40 Ar/39 Ar快中子活化年龄及其意义[J].矿物岩石,2002,22(3):19-23.
[22]祝新友,王京彬,王玉杰,等.新疆萨热克铜矿:与盆地卤水作用有关的大型矿床[J].矿产勘查,2011,2(1):28-35.
[23]李志丹,薛春纪,辛江,等.新疆乌恰县萨热克铜矿床地质特征及硫、铅同位素地球化学[J].现代地质,2011,25(4):720-729.
[24]张振亮,冯选洁,董福辰,等.西南天山砂砾岩容矿矿床类型及找矿方向[J].西北地质,2014,47(3):70-82.
[25]方维萱,贾润幸,王磊,等.新疆萨热克大型砂砾岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿控制规律[J].矿物学报,2015,35(增刊):202-204.
[26]方维萱,贾润幸,郭玉乾,等.塔西地区富烃类还原性盆地流体与砂砾岩型铜铅锌-铀矿床成矿机制[J].地球科学与环境学报,2016,38(6):727-752.
[27]韩文华,方维萱,张贵山,等.新疆萨热克砂砾岩型铜矿区碎裂岩化相特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2017,39(3):1-9.
[28]贾润幸,方维萱,王磊,等.新疆萨热克砂砾岩型铜矿床富烃类还原性盆地流体特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2017,41(4):1-13.
[29]刘章月,秦明宽,蔡根庆,等.新疆巴什布拉克地区有机地球化学特征及其对铀成矿的控制[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):212-222.
[30]李忠,高剑,郭春涛,等.塔里木块体北部泥盆—石炭纪陆缘构造演化:盆地充填序列与物源体系约束[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):35-52.
[31]于志远,方维萱,杜玉龙.新疆乌恰县萨热克铜矿区古盐度恢复及与成矿关系[J].河南科学,2016,34(1):109-114.
[32]季建清,韩宝福,朱美妃,等.西天山托云盆地及周边中新生代岩浆活动的岩石地球化学与年代学研究[J].岩石学报,2006,22(5):124-1340.
[33]方维萱,胡瑞忠,谢桂青.云南哀牢山地区构造岩石地层单元及其构造演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2002,26(1):28-36.
[34]刘少峰,张国伟.盆山关系研究的基本思路、内容和方法[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):101-111.
[35]方维萱,黄转盈,唐红峰,等.东天山库姆塔格—沙泉子晚石炭世火山-沉积岩相学地质地球化学特征与构造环境[J].中国地质,2006,33(3):529-544.
[36]张国伟,郭安林,董云鹏,等.大陆地质与大陆构造和大陆动力学[J].地学前缘,2011,18(3):1-12.
[37]李思田.沉积盆地动力学研究的进展、发展趋势和面临的挑战[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):1-8.
[38]方维萱.论热液角砾岩构造系统及研究内容、研究方法和岩相学填图应用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2016,40(2):237-265.
[39]SOBEL E R,DUMITRU T A.Exhumation of the margins of the western Tarim Basin during the Himalayan orogeny[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102:5043-5064.
[40]SOBEL E R,CHEN J,HEERMANCE R V.Late OligoceneEarly initiation of shortening in the Southwestern Chinese Tian Shan:implication for Neogene shortening rate variations[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,247:70-81.
[41]刘函,王国灿,曹凯,等.西昆仑及邻区区域构造演化的碎屑锆石裂变径迹年龄记录[J].地学前缘,2010,17(3):64-78.
[42]张斌,陈文,孙敬博,等.南天山欧西达坂岩体热演化历史与隆升过程分析:来自Ar-Ar和(U-Th)/He热年代学的证据[J].中国科学:地球科学,2016,46:392-405.
[43]常健,邱楠生.磷灰石低温热年代学技术及在塔里木盆地演化研究中的应用[J].地学前缘,2017,24(3):79-93.
[2]李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,等.南天山区域大地构造与演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):94-104.
[3]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.库车坳陷的地质结构及其对大油气田的控制作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):19-32.
[4]何登发,李德生,何金有,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷和西南坳陷油气地质特征类比及勘探启示[J].石油学报,2013,34(2):201-218.
[5]丁孝忠,林畅松,刘景彦,等.塔里木盆地白垩纪—新近纪盆山耦合过程的层序地层响应[J].地学前缘,2011,18(4):144-157.
[6]李江海,周肖贝,李维波,等.塔里木盆地及邻区寒武纪—三叠纪构造古地理格局的初步重建[J].地质学报,2015,61(6):1225-1234.
[7]许效松,汪正江,万方,等.塔里木盆地早古生代构造古地理演化与烃源岩[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):49-57.
[8]宋晓东,李江涛,鲍学伟,等.中国西部大型盆地的深部结构及对盆地形成和演化的意义[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):126-136.
[9]张旗,焦守涛,吴浩若,等.中国三叠纪古地势图[J].古地理学报,2013,15(2):181-202.
[10]吴根耀.中亚造山带南带晚古生代演化:兼论中蒙交界区中—晚二叠世残留海盆的形成[J].古地理学报,2014,16(6):907-925.
[11]唐武,王英民,张雷,等.塔里木盆地三叠纪前缘隆起迁移演化规律[J].古地理学报,2013,15(2):219-230.
[12]罗金海,周新源,邱斌,等.塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂对喀什凹陷的控制作用[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(6):584-587.
[13]李江海,蔡振忠,罗春树,等.塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂带南端构造转换及其新生代区域构造响应[J].地质学报,2007,81(1):23-31.
[14]乔秀夫,李海兵,王思恩,等.新疆境内塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂早侏罗世走滑的古地震证据[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):721-730.
[15]王松,李双应,杨栋栋,等.2012.天山南缘石炭系—三叠系碎屑岩成分及其对物源区大地构造属性的指示[J].岩石学报,8(8):2453-2465.
[16]刘池洋,王建强,赵红格,等.沉积盆地类型划分及其相关问题讨论[J].地学前缘,2015,22(3):1-26.
[17]薛春纪,赵晓波,莫宣学,等.西天山“亚洲金腰带”及其动力背景和成矿控制与找矿[J].地学前缘,2014,21(5):128-155.
[18]薛春纪,赵晓波,莫宣学,等.西天山巨型金铜铅锌成矿带构造成矿演化和找矿方向[J].地质学报,2014,88(12):2490-2531.
[19]陈富文,李华芹.新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金锑矿床成矿作用同位素地质年代学[J].地球学报,2003,24(6):563-567.
[20]杨富全,毛景文,王义天,等.新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床年代学、氦氩碳同位素特征及其地质意义[J].地质论评,2006,52(3):343-350.
[21]刘家军,龙训荣,郑明华,等.新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床石英的40 Ar/39 Ar快中子活化年龄及其意义[J].矿物岩石,2002,22(3):19-23.
[22]祝新友,王京彬,王玉杰,等.新疆萨热克铜矿:与盆地卤水作用有关的大型矿床[J].矿产勘查,2011,2(1):28-35.
[23]李志丹,薛春纪,辛江,等.新疆乌恰县萨热克铜矿床地质特征及硫、铅同位素地球化学[J].现代地质,2011,25(4):720-729.
[24]张振亮,冯选洁,董福辰,等.西南天山砂砾岩容矿矿床类型及找矿方向[J].西北地质,2014,47(3):70-82.
[25]方维萱,贾润幸,王磊,等.新疆萨热克大型砂砾岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿控制规律[J].矿物学报,2015,35(增刊):202-204.
[26]方维萱,贾润幸,郭玉乾,等.塔西地区富烃类还原性盆地流体与砂砾岩型铜铅锌-铀矿床成矿机制[J].地球科学与环境学报,2016,38(6):727-752.
[27]韩文华,方维萱,张贵山,等.新疆萨热克砂砾岩型铜矿区碎裂岩化相特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2017,39(3):1-9.
[28]贾润幸,方维萱,王磊,等.新疆萨热克砂砾岩型铜矿床富烃类还原性盆地流体特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2017,41(4):1-13.
[29]刘章月,秦明宽,蔡根庆,等.新疆巴什布拉克地区有机地球化学特征及其对铀成矿的控制[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):212-222.
[30]李忠,高剑,郭春涛,等.塔里木块体北部泥盆—石炭纪陆缘构造演化:盆地充填序列与物源体系约束[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):35-52.
[31]于志远,方维萱,杜玉龙.新疆乌恰县萨热克铜矿区古盐度恢复及与成矿关系[J].河南科学,2016,34(1):109-114.
[32]季建清,韩宝福,朱美妃,等.西天山托云盆地及周边中新生代岩浆活动的岩石地球化学与年代学研究[J].岩石学报,2006,22(5):124-1340.
[33]方维萱,胡瑞忠,谢桂青.云南哀牢山地区构造岩石地层单元及其构造演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2002,26(1):28-36.
[34]刘少峰,张国伟.盆山关系研究的基本思路、内容和方法[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):101-111.
[35]方维萱,黄转盈,唐红峰,等.东天山库姆塔格—沙泉子晚石炭世火山-沉积岩相学地质地球化学特征与构造环境[J].中国地质,2006,33(3):529-544.
[36]张国伟,郭安林,董云鹏,等.大陆地质与大陆构造和大陆动力学[J].地学前缘,2011,18(3):1-12.
[37]李思田.沉积盆地动力学研究的进展、发展趋势和面临的挑战[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):1-8.
[38]方维萱.论热液角砾岩构造系统及研究内容、研究方法和岩相学填图应用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2016,40(2):237-265.
[39]SOBEL E R,DUMITRU T A.Exhumation of the margins of the western Tarim Basin during the Himalayan orogeny[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102:5043-5064.
[40]SOBEL E R,CHEN J,HEERMANCE R V.Late OligoceneEarly initiation of shortening in the Southwestern Chinese Tian Shan:implication for Neogene shortening rate variations[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,247:70-81.
[41]刘函,王国灿,曹凯,等.西昆仑及邻区区域构造演化的碎屑锆石裂变径迹年龄记录[J].地学前缘,2010,17(3):64-78.
[42]张斌,陈文,孙敬博,等.南天山欧西达坂岩体热演化历史与隆升过程分析:来自Ar-Ar和(U-Th)/He热年代学的证据[J].中国科学:地球科学,2016,46:392-405.
[43]常健,邱楠生.磷灰石低温热年代学技术及在塔里木盆地演化研究中的应用[J].地学前缘,2017,24(3):79-93.