森林管护对森林生态安全的响应成效与影响路径分析
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摘要
基于黑龙江省国有林区的数据,运用PSR模型构建了重点国有林区森林生态安全评价指标体系并运用熵权法进行权数确定,对2007—2016年的森林生态安全状况及森林管护对森林生态安全的响应成效进行分析。在此基础上,通过主成分分析及结构方程模型中的路径分析对森林生态压力、森林安全状态、森林管护响应及全面禁伐之间的综合影响路径进行分析。结果表明:在各项森林管护措施的积极作用下,森林管护对森林生态安全状况的响应成效十分显著。2007—2016年黑龙江省国有林区的森林生态安全状况处于持续上升的态势,黑龙江省国有林区的森林生态安全状况从最初的不安全状态,再到2010年以后持续稳定在一般安全状态,最后在2016年一跃达到了安全状态。森林生态压力对森林安全状态的提升具有负向影响。森林管护响应对森林安全状态的提升具有正向影响。全面禁伐作为国有林区改革进程中的一项重要森林管护政策对于减小森林生态压力提升森林安全状态发挥了重要的作用。因此,提出坚决走出"先污染后治理"的生态治理困境;积极践行"两山论"这一习近平生态文明建设思想的重要论断;全面加强天然林资源的保护及培育工作等建议。
⑴ Background——Under the background of the reform of state-owned forest areas,the state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province are taken as an example to discuss the response effectivenessand specific impact path of forest management and protection to forest ecological security.⑵ Methods——Firstly,the PSR model was used to establish a forest ecological security evaluation index system for state-owned forestareas in Heilongjiang Province.From the three aspects of forest ecological pressure,forest security status and response of forest management and protection,the evaluation indexes were selected to evaluate the forest ecological security status of state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province from 2007 to 2016.On this basis,the comprehensive score of each year's index data was calculated by using the principal component analysis method,which was used as the representative of each year's forest ecological pressure,forest security status and response of forest management and protection.Combined with the comprehensive logging ban policy,the comprehensive influence path of forest ecological security was obtained by Amos software.⑶ Results——First,the forest ecological security status of state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province is generally on the rise in 2007—2016.The comprehensive index of forest ecological security rose from 0.238 in unsafe state in 2007 to 0.721 in safe state in 2016.However,the pressure of forest ecological security has always been relatively large.Therefore,it can be seen that the response effectiveness of forest management and protection to forest ecological security is significant.Second,from the results of the comprehensive impact path of forest ecological security,it can be known that the forest ecological pressure has a negative impact on the improvement of forest security status,and the influence path coefficient is-0.431.Therefore,it is necessary to reduce the negative impact of forest ecological pressure on forest security status.The response of forest management and protection has a positive impact on the improvement of forest security status,and the impact path coefficient is 0.486.Therefore,we should expand the positive impact of forest management and protection on forest ecological security from the aspects of increasing investment in forest ecological environment protection,expanding the area of artificial afforestation and increasing the area of forest management and protection.The comprehensive logging ban policy has a positive impact on the improvement of forest security status,and the comprehensive impact path coefficient is 0.66.Therefore,it is necessary to further promote the implementation of the comprehensive logging ban policy and give full play to its positive influence on forest ecological environment.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The implementation of various forest management measures has a significant effect on the comprehensive response of forest ecological security in state-owned forest areas.The forest ecological construction project represented by "Tianbao Project" has played a important role in improving the regional forest ecological environment and improving the forest ecological security status.Reducing the destruction of forest ecological environment by human economic and social activities,gradually reducing forest ecological pressure,and further expanding the positive response of various forest management and protection measures,is conducive to improving forest ecological security in state-owned forest areas.Therefore,the following suggestions are made.First,we should further increase investment in the pollution control of forest ecological environment.Second,we should continue to increase support for forest ecological construction.Third,we should further promote the implementation of the comprehensive logging ban policy throughout the country.
⑴ Background——Under the background of the reform of state-owned forest areas,the state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province are taken as an example to discuss the response effectivenessand specific impact path of forest management and protection to forest ecological security.⑵ Methods——Firstly,the PSR model was used to establish a forest ecological security evaluation index system for state-owned forestareas in Heilongjiang Province.From the three aspects of forest ecological pressure,forest security status and response of forest management and protection,the evaluation indexes were selected to evaluate the forest ecological security status of state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province from 2007 to 2016.On this basis,the comprehensive score of each year's index data was calculated by using the principal component analysis method,which was used as the representative of each year's forest ecological pressure,forest security status and response of forest management and protection.Combined with the comprehensive logging ban policy,the comprehensive influence path of forest ecological security was obtained by Amos software.⑶ Results——First,the forest ecological security status of state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province is generally on the rise in 2007—2016.The comprehensive index of forest ecological security rose from 0.238 in unsafe state in 2007 to 0.721 in safe state in 2016.However,the pressure of forest ecological security has always been relatively large.Therefore,it can be seen that the response effectiveness of forest management and protection to forest ecological security is significant.Second,from the results of the comprehensive impact path of forest ecological security,it can be known that the forest ecological pressure has a negative impact on the improvement of forest security status,and the influence path coefficient is-0.431.Therefore,it is necessary to reduce the negative impact of forest ecological pressure on forest security status.The response of forest management and protection has a positive impact on the improvement of forest security status,and the impact path coefficient is 0.486.Therefore,we should expand the positive impact of forest management and protection on forest ecological security from the aspects of increasing investment in forest ecological environment protection,expanding the area of artificial afforestation and increasing the area of forest management and protection.The comprehensive logging ban policy has a positive impact on the improvement of forest security status,and the comprehensive impact path coefficient is 0.66.Therefore,it is necessary to further promote the implementation of the comprehensive logging ban policy and give full play to its positive influence on forest ecological environment.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The implementation of various forest management measures has a significant effect on the comprehensive response of forest ecological security in state-owned forest areas.The forest ecological construction project represented by "Tianbao Project" has played a important role in improving the regional forest ecological environment and improving the forest ecological security status.Reducing the destruction of forest ecological environment by human economic and social activities,gradually reducing forest ecological pressure,and further expanding the positive response of various forest management and protection measures,is conducive to improving forest ecological security in state-owned forest areas.Therefore,the following suggestions are made.First,we should further increase investment in the pollution control of forest ecological environment.Second,we should continue to increase support for forest ecological construction.Third,we should further promote the implementation of the comprehensive logging ban policy throughout the country.
引文
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[19]汤旭,冯彦,鲁莎莎,等.基于生态区位系数的湖北省森林生态安全评价及重心演变分析[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):886-899.
[20]白江迪,刘俊昌,陈文汇.基于结构方程模型分析森林生态安全的影响因素[J].生态学报,2019(8):1-9.
[21]冯彦,祝凌云,郑洁,等.基于PSR模型和GIS的吉林省县域森林生态安全评价及时空分布[J].农林经济管理学报,2016,15(5):546-556.
[22]姜钰,蔡秀亭.中国森林生态安全动态测度及空间收敛性分析[J].统计与决策,2019,35(2):91-95.
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[2]MORAES R,LANDIS W G,MOLANDER S.Regional risk assessment of a brazilian rain forest reserve[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2002,8(7):1779-1803.
[3]WOODALL C W,MORIN R S,STEINMAN J R,et al.Comparing evaluations of forest health based on aerial surveys and field inventories:Oak forests in the northern united states[J].Ecological Indicators,2009,10(3):713-718.
[4]TKACZ B,MOODY B,CASTILLO J V,et al.Forest health conditions in north america[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,155:409-425.
[5]米锋,谭曾豪迪,顾艳红,等.我国森林生态安全评价及其差异化分析[J].林业科学,2015,51(7):107-115.
[6]刘心竹,米锋,张爽,等.基于有害干扰的中国省域森林生态安全评价[J].生态学报,2014,34(11):3115-3127.
[7]王金龙,杨伶,李亚云,等.中国县域森林生态安全指数:基于5省15个试点县的经验数据[J].生态学报,2016,36(20):6636-6645.
[8]李中才,刘林德,孙玉峰,等.基于PSR方法的区域生态安全评价[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6495-6503.
[9]张颖,苏蔚.森林生态安全评价探析:以宁夏吴忠市为例[J].环境保护,2018,46(Z1):35-40.
[10]何玥,田治威.林业上市企业评价指标体系的实证研究[J].林业经济,2015,37(10):80-83.
[11]张莹,黄颖利.森林碳汇项目有助于减贫吗?[J].林业经济问题,2019,39(1):71-76.
[12]李博,李桦.农户退耕还林可持续性路径分析:以全国退耕还林示范县(吴起县)为例[J].林业经济问题,2014,34(1):12-18.
[13]汤旭,郑洁,冯彦,等.云南省县域森林生态安全评价与空间分析[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(4):684-694.
[14]吴海泽,余红,胡友彪,等.区域生态安全的组合权重评价模型[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(2):370-375.
[15]姚月,张大红.县域森林生态安全评价分析研究:基于湖北省29个县统计数据[J].林业经济,2017,39(7):51-55.
[16]徐会勇,赵学娇,张大红.我国省域森林生态安全评价及差异化:基于生态文明建设背景[J].生态学报,2018,38(17):6235-6242.
[17]柯小玲,向梦,林芸.基于主成分分析和灰色理论的武汉市生态安全评价研究[J].科技管理研究,2018(1):79-85.
[18]鲁莎莎,姚月,张大红,等.中国林业生态安全综合评估:基于时空格局分析[J].城市与环境研究,2017(4):61-78.
[19]汤旭,冯彦,鲁莎莎,等.基于生态区位系数的湖北省森林生态安全评价及重心演变分析[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):886-899.
[20]白江迪,刘俊昌,陈文汇.基于结构方程模型分析森林生态安全的影响因素[J].生态学报,2019(8):1-9.
[21]冯彦,祝凌云,郑洁,等.基于PSR模型和GIS的吉林省县域森林生态安全评价及时空分布[J].农林经济管理学报,2016,15(5):546-556.
[22]姜钰,蔡秀亭.中国森林生态安全动态测度及空间收敛性分析[J].统计与决策,2019,35(2):91-95.
[23]蔡秀亭,姜钰.中国森林生态安全时空格局演变及其障碍因子诊断[J].统计与决策,2019,35(3):96-100.