集体林权制度改革配套政策对农户林业生产经营效率的影响研究
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摘要
基于2011—2017年跟踪调查364户样本农户的数据,运用DEA-Tobit分析方法,对农户林业生产经营效率进行分析。结果表明:样本农户林业生产经营的综合效率偏低,资源优化配置不明显;调查的样本农户技术效率偏低,未能实现林业科技资源的优化配置;样本农户规模效率均值为0. 535;集体林改配套政策中,林业保险、林业合作社和林业科技服务等政策对农户林业生产经营效率的提高有促进作用;按照对林业生产经营效率影响程度大小顺序,最为关键的是参加林业保险、参加林业科技服务和参加林业合作社。因此,应该进一步完善林业保险制度、完善林业科技服务体系和推动林业合作社。
⑴ Background——Since 2008,a new round of collective forest reform has been carried out nationwide.By the end of 2012,the main tasks of collective forest reform have been basically completed in all provinces( autonomous regions) across the country. After the forest land is confirmed to the household,in order to further solve the problems of unclear property rights of the forest land,non-implementation of the production subject,lagging production mechanism,and unfair distribution of interests,fully mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for forestry production and deepen the activation of forestry productivity,the government issued supporting reform policies such as "forest tenure mortgage loan,forestry insurance,and forestry cooperatives" and so on.⑵ Methods——This research conducted a sample survey of 364 forestry farmers,50 villages,and10 counties in Jiangxi Province. This paper mainly uses CCR model to measure the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management. The Tobit regression model is used to study the influencing factors of the supporting policies of collective forest reform on the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management.⑶ Results——In terms of the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management,the average value of pure technical efficiency of 364 sample farmers reached 0. 295,and the pure technical efficiency value of45 households was greater than 0. 99,accounting for 12. 36% of the total proportion; the average scale efficiency of 364 sample households was 0. 535,and there were 133 households with serious inefficiency of scale efficiency( 0≤E<0. 4),accounting for 36. 54% of the total proportion; the average comprehensive efficiency of364 households was 0. 169, and only 13 households had an effective efficiency( efficiency interval value >0. 99),accounting for only 3. 57%. In terms of influencing factors,participation in forestry insurance,participation in forestry cooperatives,and participation in forestry science and technology services and other supporting policies of collective forest reform have a significant positive impact on the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management. Non-policy variables such as the age of the household head,the main source of household income,and the type of forest also have a positive impact on the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management; the number of forest land parcels and participation in forest tenure mortgage loans have no impact on the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——On the basis of the research,the paper draws the following conclusions: Although the comprehensive efficiency of the sample farmers' forestry production and management is low,and the optimal allocation of resources is not realized. But from the overall point of view,the supporting policies of collective forest reform are conductive to improve the efficiency of forestry production and management for farmers. In addition to the impact of the collective forestry reform supporting policies on farmers' forestry production and operation efficiency,the household head age,the main source of household income,and the type of forest type also have an impact on farmers' forestry production and operation efficiency. In response to the conclusions,the following suggestions are put forward. First,the forestry insurance system should be improved in many ways; second,the forestry science and technology service system should be improved to improve the supply level and efficiency; third,the forestry professional cooperatives should be promoted to play a leading role.
⑴ Background——Since 2008,a new round of collective forest reform has been carried out nationwide.By the end of 2012,the main tasks of collective forest reform have been basically completed in all provinces( autonomous regions) across the country. After the forest land is confirmed to the household,in order to further solve the problems of unclear property rights of the forest land,non-implementation of the production subject,lagging production mechanism,and unfair distribution of interests,fully mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for forestry production and deepen the activation of forestry productivity,the government issued supporting reform policies such as "forest tenure mortgage loan,forestry insurance,and forestry cooperatives" and so on.⑵ Methods——This research conducted a sample survey of 364 forestry farmers,50 villages,and10 counties in Jiangxi Province. This paper mainly uses CCR model to measure the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management. The Tobit regression model is used to study the influencing factors of the supporting policies of collective forest reform on the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management.⑶ Results——In terms of the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management,the average value of pure technical efficiency of 364 sample farmers reached 0. 295,and the pure technical efficiency value of45 households was greater than 0. 99,accounting for 12. 36% of the total proportion; the average scale efficiency of 364 sample households was 0. 535,and there were 133 households with serious inefficiency of scale efficiency( 0≤E<0. 4),accounting for 36. 54% of the total proportion; the average comprehensive efficiency of364 households was 0. 169, and only 13 households had an effective efficiency( efficiency interval value >0. 99),accounting for only 3. 57%. In terms of influencing factors,participation in forestry insurance,participation in forestry cooperatives,and participation in forestry science and technology services and other supporting policies of collective forest reform have a significant positive impact on the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management. Non-policy variables such as the age of the household head,the main source of household income,and the type of forest also have a positive impact on the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management; the number of forest land parcels and participation in forest tenure mortgage loans have no impact on the efficiency of farmers' forestry production and management.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——On the basis of the research,the paper draws the following conclusions: Although the comprehensive efficiency of the sample farmers' forestry production and management is low,and the optimal allocation of resources is not realized. But from the overall point of view,the supporting policies of collective forest reform are conductive to improve the efficiency of forestry production and management for farmers. In addition to the impact of the collective forestry reform supporting policies on farmers' forestry production and operation efficiency,the household head age,the main source of household income,and the type of forest type also have an impact on farmers' forestry production and operation efficiency. In response to the conclusions,the following suggestions are put forward. First,the forestry insurance system should be improved in many ways; second,the forestry science and technology service system should be improved to improve the supply level and efficiency; third,the forestry professional cooperatives should be promoted to play a leading role.
引文
[1]韩立达,王静,李华.中国林权抵押贷款制度中的问题及对策研究[J].林业经济问题,2009,29(3):196-200,205.
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[4]谢彦明,刘德钦.云南景谷林权抵押贷款问题分析[J].西南林业大学学报,2011,31(2):54-57,69.
[5]王磊,蒲玥成,苏婷,等.农户林权抵押贷款潜在需求及其影响因素研究:基于四川3个试点县的实证分析[J].林业经济问题,2011,31(5):464-467,470.
[6]石道金,许宇鹏,高鑫.农户林权抵押贷款行为及影响因素分析:来自浙江丽水的样本农户数据[J].林业科学,2011,47(8):159-167.
[7]朱述斌,胡水秀,申云,等.林业生态补偿机制缺失背景下森林保险有效需求影响因素实证分析:基于江西10个林改监测县的农户调查[J].林业经济,2013(7):82-87.
[8]李彧挥,孙娟,高晓屹.影响林农对林业保险需求的因素分析:基于福建省永安市林农调查的实证研究[J].管理世界,2007(11):71-75.
[9]廖文梅,彭泰中,曹建华.农户参与森林保险意愿的实证分析:以江西为例[J].林业科学,2011,47(5):117-123.
[10]王碧.农户对林业科技服务的需求与支付意愿研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014:36.
[11]卫秋明.基于农户林业科技需求的浙江省林业科技推广服务优化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013:41.
[12]刘顺滨,黄艳,王团真,等.农户林下种养殖技术服务需求的影响因素分析:以福建省为例[J].云南农业大学学报(社会科学),2016,10(2):35-39.
[13]宋璇,田治威,曾玉林.林农林业社会化服务需求的优先序及其影响因素:基于湖南10县500户林农调查[J].求索,2016(6):90-94.
[14]肖庆业.集体林权制度改革后林农扩大林业经营规模意愿及其影响因素实证研究:以福建省为例[J].湖南商学院学报,2016,23(6):56-61.
[15]薛彩霞.西部地区农户林地生产技术效率研究[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2013:62.
[16]柯水发,陈章纯.毛竹林单户经营规模效率及影响因素分析:基于福建三明的调查[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,15(4):52-61.
[17]李晓格.林地细碎化对竹林生产效率的影响研究[D].浙江:浙江农林大学,2014:43.
[18]刘振滨,苏时鹏,郑逸芳,等.林改后农户林业经营效率的影响因素分析:基于DEA-Tobit分析法的实证研究[J].资源开发与市场,2014,30(12):1420-1424.
[19]康小兰,曾解放,朱述斌.集体林权制度改革中林权确权的监测报告:以江西省为例[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,12(3):295-299.
[20]许佳贤,郑逸芳,黄安胜,等.林改后农户林业生产效率的影响因素:基于闽赣两省159个固定观察点6年的调查数据[J].林业经济,2015,37(2):42-46.
[21]臧良震,支玲,齐新民.天保工程区农户林业生产技术效率的影响因素:以重庆武隆县为例[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,10(4):59-64.
[22]林丽梅,黄森慰,郑逸芳.新型林业生产主体培育中政府作用分析:基于林业合作社的研究[J].林业经济,2015,37(11):14-18,77.
[23]苏时鹏,吴俊媛,甘建邦.林改后闽浙赣家庭林业全要素生产率变动比较[J].资源科学,2015,37(1):112-124.
[24]李道和,池泽新.政策支持与农业龙头企业绩效关系研究:以江西省为例[J].农业技术经济,2011,(12):4-10.
[25]石丽芳,张春霞.基于DEA方法的农户林地经营效率分析[J].林业经济问题,2012,32(3):226-229,235.
[26]孔凡斌,廖文梅.集体林分权条件下的林地细碎化程度及与农户林地投入产出的关系:基于江西省8县602户农户调查数据的分析[J].林业科学,2012,48(4):119-126.
[27]李桦,姚顺波,刘璨,等.集体林分权条件下不同经营类型商品林生产要素投入及其效率:基于三阶段DEA模型及其福建、江西农户调研数据[J].林业科学,2014,50(12):122-130.
[28]陈潜,彭婵娟,刘伟平,等.福建省农户毛竹生产效率及影响因素研究:基于DEA-Tobit模型[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2015(1):132-136.
[29]薛彩霞,姚顺波,于金娜.基于结构方程模型的农户经营非木质林产品行为的影响因素分析:以四川省雅安市农户为例[J].林业科学,2013,49(12):136-146.
[30]孔凡斌,廖文梅.集体林地细碎化、农户投入与林产品产出关系分析:基于中国9个省(区)2420户农户调查数据[J].农林经济管理学报,2014,13(1):64-73.
[31]刘林,孙洪刚,吴大瑜,等.新一轮集体林权改革后林区农户的林业生产效率研究[J].林业经济问题,2018,38(3):7-12,98.
[32]谢彦明,曹超学,文冰,等.云南省集体林改配套政策现状、问题与对策分析:基于500农户的调查[J].林业经济,2012(10):35-39.
[2]廖文梅,孔凡斌,高雪萍.集体林权抵押贷款政策问题及完善对策研究:基于江西南方林权交易中心数据分析[J].林业经济问题,2012,32(3):221-225.
[3]刘浩,刘璨.我国集体林产权制度改革及配套改革相关政策问题研究[J].林业经济,2016,38(9):3-12.
[4]谢彦明,刘德钦.云南景谷林权抵押贷款问题分析[J].西南林业大学学报,2011,31(2):54-57,69.
[5]王磊,蒲玥成,苏婷,等.农户林权抵押贷款潜在需求及其影响因素研究:基于四川3个试点县的实证分析[J].林业经济问题,2011,31(5):464-467,470.
[6]石道金,许宇鹏,高鑫.农户林权抵押贷款行为及影响因素分析:来自浙江丽水的样本农户数据[J].林业科学,2011,47(8):159-167.
[7]朱述斌,胡水秀,申云,等.林业生态补偿机制缺失背景下森林保险有效需求影响因素实证分析:基于江西10个林改监测县的农户调查[J].林业经济,2013(7):82-87.
[8]李彧挥,孙娟,高晓屹.影响林农对林业保险需求的因素分析:基于福建省永安市林农调查的实证研究[J].管理世界,2007(11):71-75.
[9]廖文梅,彭泰中,曹建华.农户参与森林保险意愿的实证分析:以江西为例[J].林业科学,2011,47(5):117-123.
[10]王碧.农户对林业科技服务的需求与支付意愿研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014:36.
[11]卫秋明.基于农户林业科技需求的浙江省林业科技推广服务优化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013:41.
[12]刘顺滨,黄艳,王团真,等.农户林下种养殖技术服务需求的影响因素分析:以福建省为例[J].云南农业大学学报(社会科学),2016,10(2):35-39.
[13]宋璇,田治威,曾玉林.林农林业社会化服务需求的优先序及其影响因素:基于湖南10县500户林农调查[J].求索,2016(6):90-94.
[14]肖庆业.集体林权制度改革后林农扩大林业经营规模意愿及其影响因素实证研究:以福建省为例[J].湖南商学院学报,2016,23(6):56-61.
[15]薛彩霞.西部地区农户林地生产技术效率研究[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2013:62.
[16]柯水发,陈章纯.毛竹林单户经营规模效率及影响因素分析:基于福建三明的调查[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,15(4):52-61.
[17]李晓格.林地细碎化对竹林生产效率的影响研究[D].浙江:浙江农林大学,2014:43.
[18]刘振滨,苏时鹏,郑逸芳,等.林改后农户林业经营效率的影响因素分析:基于DEA-Tobit分析法的实证研究[J].资源开发与市场,2014,30(12):1420-1424.
[19]康小兰,曾解放,朱述斌.集体林权制度改革中林权确权的监测报告:以江西省为例[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,12(3):295-299.
[20]许佳贤,郑逸芳,黄安胜,等.林改后农户林业生产效率的影响因素:基于闽赣两省159个固定观察点6年的调查数据[J].林业经济,2015,37(2):42-46.
[21]臧良震,支玲,齐新民.天保工程区农户林业生产技术效率的影响因素:以重庆武隆县为例[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,10(4):59-64.
[22]林丽梅,黄森慰,郑逸芳.新型林业生产主体培育中政府作用分析:基于林业合作社的研究[J].林业经济,2015,37(11):14-18,77.
[23]苏时鹏,吴俊媛,甘建邦.林改后闽浙赣家庭林业全要素生产率变动比较[J].资源科学,2015,37(1):112-124.
[24]李道和,池泽新.政策支持与农业龙头企业绩效关系研究:以江西省为例[J].农业技术经济,2011,(12):4-10.
[25]石丽芳,张春霞.基于DEA方法的农户林地经营效率分析[J].林业经济问题,2012,32(3):226-229,235.
[26]孔凡斌,廖文梅.集体林分权条件下的林地细碎化程度及与农户林地投入产出的关系:基于江西省8县602户农户调查数据的分析[J].林业科学,2012,48(4):119-126.
[27]李桦,姚顺波,刘璨,等.集体林分权条件下不同经营类型商品林生产要素投入及其效率:基于三阶段DEA模型及其福建、江西农户调研数据[J].林业科学,2014,50(12):122-130.
[28]陈潜,彭婵娟,刘伟平,等.福建省农户毛竹生产效率及影响因素研究:基于DEA-Tobit模型[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2015(1):132-136.
[29]薛彩霞,姚顺波,于金娜.基于结构方程模型的农户经营非木质林产品行为的影响因素分析:以四川省雅安市农户为例[J].林业科学,2013,49(12):136-146.
[30]孔凡斌,廖文梅.集体林地细碎化、农户投入与林产品产出关系分析:基于中国9个省(区)2420户农户调查数据[J].农林经济管理学报,2014,13(1):64-73.
[31]刘林,孙洪刚,吴大瑜,等.新一轮集体林权改革后林区农户的林业生产效率研究[J].林业经济问题,2018,38(3):7-12,98.
[32]谢彦明,曹超学,文冰,等.云南省集体林改配套政策现状、问题与对策分析:基于500农户的调查[J].林业经济,2012(10):35-39.