马尾松林木养分含量特征及其与产脂量的关系
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摘要
【目的】分析不同产脂类型马尾松的养分含量差异,探讨养分含量与产脂量的关系,为马尾松产脂林的科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以广西凭祥26年生马尾松人工林为研究对象,分析不同产脂类型(低产脂类型和高产脂类型)马尾松针叶、枝、皮的N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量及其变化情况,运用方差分析及相关性分析,揭示不同产脂类型马尾松的养分含量与产脂量的相关性。【结果】(1)N、K、Ca含量在马尾松不同器官间差异显著,而P和Mg含量差异不显著;针叶中N、P、K、Mg含量最高,皮中Ca含量最高。(2)在1年针叶和2年针叶中,各养分含量表现为N>K>Ca>Mg>P,1年针叶和2年针叶N、K、Ca、Mg含量在不同产脂类型马尾松间差异显著;除N含量是低产脂类型高于高产脂类型外,P、K、Ca、Mg含量均是低产脂类型低于高产脂类型。(3)在不同产脂类型马尾松间,枝和皮的养分含量均表现为Ca>N>K>Mg>P,Ca含量在不同产脂类型间差异显著,N、P、K、Mg含量差异不显著,5种养分含量均表现为低产脂类型低于高产脂类型。(4)马尾松产脂量与1年针叶和2年针叶养分含量关系密切,其中与K、Ca、Mg含量呈极显著正相关,与N含量呈极显著负相关。【结论】不同产脂类型马尾松的养分特点不同,养分含量对产脂量存在影响。与产脂量相关性较高的是1年针叶和2年针叶K、Ca、Mg、N含量。
【Objective】 The nutrient characteristics of different resin individuals of Pinus massoniana and the relationship between nutrient characteristics and resin yields were analyzed to provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization.【Method】 The 26 years old plantations of P. massoniana in Pingxiang,Guangxi were selected to analyze the contents of N,P,K,Ca and Mg in needle,branch,and bark in trees with different resin yields.Using variance analysis and correlation analysis,the correlations between nutrient characteristics and resin yields were also investigated.【Result】 There were significant differences in contents of N,K and Ca in different organs,while contents of P and Mg were not significantly different.The contents of N,P,K and Mg in the needles were the highest,while bark had the highest Ca.Nutrient contents in needles were in the order of N>K>Ca>Mg>P.The concentrations of N,K,Ca and Mg in 1 year old and 2 years old needles were significantly different among trees with different resin yields. The content of N in type with low resin yield was higher than that in type with high resin yield,while the contents of P,K,Ca,and Mg were opposite.The orders of nutrients in branch and bark were in the same order of Ca>N>K>Mg>P.The content of Ca was significant different among trees with different resin yields,while N,P,K and Mg showed no significant difference.The contents of these 5 nutrients had the same characteristic of having lower concentrations in trees with low resin yield.The resin yields were closely related to the nutrient contents of 1 year old and 2 years old needles.The resin yield had significantly positive relationships with K,Ca and Mg,but significantly negative relationship with N.【Conclusion】 The nutrient characteristics of different resin individuals of P. massoniana were different,and the nutrient characteristics had effect on resin yields.The content of K,N,Ca and Mg in 1 year old and 2 years old needle had high correlation with resin yields.
【Objective】 The nutrient characteristics of different resin individuals of Pinus massoniana and the relationship between nutrient characteristics and resin yields were analyzed to provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization.【Method】 The 26 years old plantations of P. massoniana in Pingxiang,Guangxi were selected to analyze the contents of N,P,K,Ca and Mg in needle,branch,and bark in trees with different resin yields.Using variance analysis and correlation analysis,the correlations between nutrient characteristics and resin yields were also investigated.【Result】 There were significant differences in contents of N,K and Ca in different organs,while contents of P and Mg were not significantly different.The contents of N,P,K and Mg in the needles were the highest,while bark had the highest Ca.Nutrient contents in needles were in the order of N>K>Ca>Mg>P.The concentrations of N,K,Ca and Mg in 1 year old and 2 years old needles were significantly different among trees with different resin yields. The content of N in type with low resin yield was higher than that in type with high resin yield,while the contents of P,K,Ca,and Mg were opposite.The orders of nutrients in branch and bark were in the same order of Ca>N>K>Mg>P.The content of Ca was significant different among trees with different resin yields,while N,P,K and Mg showed no significant difference.The contents of these 5 nutrients had the same characteristic of having lower concentrations in trees with low resin yield.The resin yields were closely related to the nutrient contents of 1 year old and 2 years old needles.The resin yield had significantly positive relationships with K,Ca and Mg,but significantly negative relationship with N.【Conclusion】 The nutrient characteristics of different resin individuals of P. massoniana were different,and the nutrient characteristics had effect on resin yields.The content of K,N,Ca and Mg in 1 year old and 2 years old needle had high correlation with resin yields.
引文
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[2] 杨章旗.广西松脂原料林发展现状、存在问题与对策研究 [J].广西林业科学,2007,36(3):143-146.Yang Z Q.Status and countermeasures about developing pine resin in Guangxi [J].Guangxi Forestry Science,2007,36(3):143-146.
[3] 丁贵杰.马尾松人工纸浆材林采伐年龄初步研究 [J].林业科学,2000,36(1):15-20.Ding G J.The preliminary study on optimum cutting age of pulpwood stand for Masson pine plantation [J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2000,36(1):15-20.
[4] 李瑞霞,闵建刚,彭婷婷,等.间伐对马尾松人工林植被物种多样性的影响 [J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(3):61-68.Li R X,Min J G,Peng T T,et al.Effects of thinning on understory species diversities of Pinus massoniana forest [J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2013,41(3):61-68.
[5] Lai H L,Wang Z R,Jiang R R.Branching and growth of plantings in fifth year of a seedling seed orchard of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) [J].Journal of Forestry Research,2002,13(1):28-32.
[6] 安宁,丁贵杰,谌红辉.林分密度及施肥对马尾松产脂量的影响 [J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(9):46-50.An N,Ding G J,Chen H H.The effect of stand density and fertilization on resin yield of Pinus massoniana [J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2010,30(9):46-50.
[7] 舒文波,杨章旗,兰富.施肥对马尾松中龄林生长量和产脂的影响 [J].福建林学院学报,2009,29(2):97-102.Shu W B,Yang Z Q,Lan F.Effect of fertilization on the growth and resin yield of middle-aged forest of Pinus massoniana [J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2009,29(2):97-102.
[8] 马婷瑶,翟凯燕,金雪梅,等.间伐对马尾松人工林土壤活性氮组分的影响 [J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(12):44-53.Ma T Y,Zhai K Y,Jin X M,et al.Effects of thinning on soil active nitrogen in Masson pine plantation [J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2017,45(12):44-53.
[9] 杨会侠,汪思龙,范冰,等.不同林龄马尾松人工林年凋落量与养分归还动态 [J].生态学杂志,2010,29(12):2334-2340.Yang H X,Wang S L,Fan B,et al.Dynamics of annual litter mass and nutrient return of different age Masson pine plantations [J].Chinese Journal Ecology,2010,29(12):2334-2340.
[10] 理永霞,茶正早,罗微,等.3种桉树幼苗叶片养分变化及其转移特性 [J].林业科学,2009,45(1):152-157.Li Y X,Cha Z Z,Luo W,et al.Dynamics and transfer of nutrients in the seedling leaves of three Eucalyptus varieties [J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2009,45(1):152-157.
[11] 薛立,徐燕,吴敏,等.4种阔叶树种叶中氮和磷的季节动态及其转移 [J].生态学报,2005,25(3):520-526.Xue L,Xu Y,Wu M,et al.Seasonal patterns in nitrogen and phosphorus and resorption in leaves of four tree species [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(3):520-526.
[12] 曾德慧,陈广生,陈伏生,等.不同林龄樟子松叶片养分含量及其再吸收效率 [J].林业科学,2005,41(5):21-27.Zeng D H,Chen G S,Chen F S,et al.Foliar nutrients and their resorption efficiencies in four Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantations of different ages on sandy soil [J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,41(5):21-27.
[13] 贾瑞丰,尹光天,杨锦昌,等.不同氮素水平对红厚壳幼苗生长及光合特性的影响 [J].林业科学研究,2012,25(1):23-29.Jia R F,Yin G T,Yang J C,et al.Effects of nitrogen application on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum seedlings [J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2012,25(1):23-29.
[14] Abrol Y P,Chatterjee S R,Kumar P A,et al.Improvement in nitrogen use efficiency:physiological and molecular approaches [J].Curr Sci,1999,76:1357-1364.
[15] 李荣华,汪思龙,王清奎.不同林龄马尾松针叶凋落前后养分含量及回收特征 [J].应用生态学报,2008,19(7):1443-1447.Li R H,Wang S L,Wang Q K.Nutrient contents and resorption characteristics in needles of different age Pinus massoniana(Lamb.) before and after withering [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(7):1443-1447.
[16] 宁秋蕊,李守中,姜良超,等.亚热带红壤侵蚀区马尾松针叶养分含量及再吸收特征 [J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3510-3517.Ning Q R,Li S Z,Jiang L C,et al.Foliar nutrient content and resorption efficiency of Pinus massoniana in the subtropical red soil erosion region [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(12):3510-3517.
[17] 刘青华,周志春,范辉华,等.马尾松产脂力与生长性状的家系变异及优良家系早期选择 [J].林业科学研究,2013,26(6):686-691.Liu Q H,Zhou Z C,Fan H H,et al.Variation for oleoresin yielding capability and growth among families and early selection for superior families in Pinus massoniana [J].Forest Research,2013,26(6):686-691.
[18] 国家林业局.LY-T 1271-1999 森林植物与森林枯枝落叶层全氮、磷、钾、钠、钙、镁的测定 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.State Forestry Administration.LY-T 1271-1999 Determination of total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,sodium,calcium and magnesium in forest plants and forest litter [S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1999.
[19] 国家林业局.LY-T 1270-1999 森林植物与森林枯枝落叶层全硅、铁、铝、钙、镁、钾、钠、磷、硫、锰、铜、锌的测定 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.State Forestry Administration.LY-T 1271-1999 Determination of total silicon,iron,aluminum,calcium,magnesium,potassium,sodium,phosphorus,sulfur,manganese,copper,zinc in forest plants and forest litter [S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1999.
[20] 卢纹岱.SPSS for Windows 统计分析 [M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.Lu W D.SPSS for Windows statistical analysis [M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2002.
[21] Fries A,Ericsson T,Gref R.High heritability of wood extractives in Pinus sylvestris progeny tests [J].Can J For Res,2000,30(11):1707-1713.
[22] Roberds J H,Strom B L,Hain F P,et al.Estimates of genetic parameters for oleoresin and growth traits in juvenile loblolly pine [J].Can J for Res,2003,33(12):2469-2476.
[23] Tadesse W,Nanos N,AunOn F J,et al.Evaluation of high resin yielders of Pinus pinaster Ait [J].For Gen,2001,8(4):271-278.
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