老铁山自然保护区鸟类多样性调查和特征研究
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摘要
指出了鸟类群落是生态系统中的一个极其重要且敏感的组成成分,其组成及种群数量大小常被认为是监测、评价湿地的重要指标之一,采取理论联系实践、数理统计分析与调查研究相结合的方式,对大连老铁山自然保护区内鸟类进行了调查分析。结果表明:保护区共有鸟类有20目63科169属340种,其中属国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类有9种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类有49种。从居留型来看,保护区内旅鸟占了绝大部分,共有249种占全部种类的69.1%,夏候鸟35种9.5%,冬候鸟49种占13.4%,留鸟24种占6.6%,迷鸟最少只有8种占全部的1.4%,多数鸟类只有一种居留型,偶有鸟类有多种居留型。从鸟类多样性指数分析来看,月份对于鸟类多样性变化有一定的影响,九月物种数较多,丰富度指数和多样性指数均较高于十月。针对调查分析结果,提出了保护自然保护区环境,提高保护区监管力度,加强保护区及其鸟类的宣传的建议。
Bird community is a very important and sensitive component in ecosystem.Its composition and population size are often regarded as one of the important indicators for monitoring and evaluating wetland.The investigation and analysis of birds in LaotieMountain Nature Reserve in Dalian were carried out by means of combining statistical analysis with investigation and research.The results show that there are 340 species of birds belonging to 169 genera,63 families,and 20 orders,of which 9 species belong to national class I protected birds and 49 species belong to national class II protected birds.In terms of the type of residence,the number of tourist birds in the reserve is the vast majority with 249 species accounting for 69.1 of all species.There are 35 species of summer-waiting birds,35 species of summer-waiting birds,49 species of winter-waiting birds,and 13.4% of the birds.The majority of the birds have only one type of residence,while the birds have a variety of residence types.From the analysis of the bird diversity index,the month has a certain influence on the diversity of birds,and the number of species in September is more,and the richness index and the diversity index are higher than October.In the light of the results of the investigation and analysis,aproposal is put forward to protect the environment of the nature reserve,improve the supervision of the protected areas,and strengthen the propaganda of the protected areas and the birds.
Bird community is a very important and sensitive component in ecosystem.Its composition and population size are often regarded as one of the important indicators for monitoring and evaluating wetland.The investigation and analysis of birds in LaotieMountain Nature Reserve in Dalian were carried out by means of combining statistical analysis with investigation and research.The results show that there are 340 species of birds belonging to 169 genera,63 families,and 20 orders,of which 9 species belong to national class I protected birds and 49 species belong to national class II protected birds.In terms of the type of residence,the number of tourist birds in the reserve is the vast majority with 249 species accounting for 69.1 of all species.There are 35 species of summer-waiting birds,35 species of summer-waiting birds,49 species of winter-waiting birds,and 13.4% of the birds.The majority of the birds have only one type of residence,while the birds have a variety of residence types.From the analysis of the bird diversity index,the month has a certain influence on the diversity of birds,and the number of species in September is more,and the richness index and the diversity index are higher than October.In the light of the results of the investigation and analysis,aproposal is put forward to protect the environment of the nature reserve,improve the supervision of the protected areas,and strengthen the propaganda of the protected areas and the birds.
引文
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[19]冉江洪,刘少英,曾宗永,等.四川辖曼自然保护区黑颈鹤(GRUS NIGRICOLLIS)的数量及分布[J].应用与环境生物学报,1999,5(1):40～44.
[20]刘伯锋.福建沿海湿地鸻鹬类资源调查[J].动物学杂志,2003,38(6):72～75.
[21]蔡音亭,干晓静,马志军.鸟类调查的样线法和样点法比较:以崇明东滩春季盐沼鸟类调查为例[J].生物多样性,2010,18(1):44～49.
[2]刘丽杰,尹航,金慧,等.基于生态文明视角下长白山生物多样性保护研究探索[J].吉林农业,2018(4).
[3]颜凤,李宁,杨文,等.围填海对湿地水鸟种群、行为和栖息地的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(7):2045～2051.
[4]Furness R W,Greenwood J J D.Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change[J].Birds As Monitors of Environmental Change,1993,19(1):156.
[5]李雄雄.人工湿地的生态驳岸技术及应用[J].江西建材,2014(18):199.
[6]高菲菲.湿地景观设计与生物栖息地的营造[J].大科技,2017(28).
[7]朱盼盼.围垦对双台河口湿地候鸟栖息地的影响与生态恢复途径[D].北京:北京大学,2012.
[8]张正旺.中国滨海湿地的鸟类多样性及关键栖息地保护现状[C]// 中国动物学会.北方七省市区动物学学术研讨会.北京:中国动物学会,2017.
[9]王献溥,于顺利,陈宏伟.辽宁大连蛇岛老铁山保护区有效管理的成就和展望[J].野生动物学报,2008,29(2):101～103.
[10]李丽纯,冉江洪,曾宗永.三峡重庆库区不同鸟类群落的物种组成及多样性研究[J].四川动物,2006,25(1):17～20.
[11]FullerRJ.Thebreeding habitats of waders on North Uist machair [J].Birds,1981(I1):142～152.
[12]ThompsonDH.Feeding Areas of Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets Nesting within the Floodplain of the Upper Mississippi River[J].Proceedings of the Colonial Waterbird Group,1979(2):202～213.
[13]LaneSJ,Alonso JC,AlonsoJA,et al.Seasonalchangesin diet and diet selection of great bustards(Otis t.tardy)in north-west Spain[J].Journal of Zoology,1999,247(2):201～214.
[14]Pomeroy AC.Tradeoffs between food abundance and predation danger in spatial of a stopover site by western san jipers,Calidris mauri[J].Oikos,2006,112(3):629～637.
[15]Williams TD,Mart}miuk CJ.Plasma Lipid Metabolites Provide Information on Mass Change Over Several Days in Captive Western[J].Auk,1999,116(4):994～1000.
[16]陈光,牛童,李万成,等.北京汉石桥湿地自然保护区鸟类多样性[J].湿地科学与管理,2015,11(3):50～54.
[17]孔强,敖展雄,杨秋花,等.乐清湾湿地鸟类多样性特征及季节变动[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(1):40～43.
[18]冉景丞,蒙文萍,粟海军,等.草海湿地环境问题对黑颈鹤越冬影响及管理对策讨论[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(1):35～39.
[19]冉江洪,刘少英,曾宗永,等.四川辖曼自然保护区黑颈鹤(GRUS NIGRICOLLIS)的数量及分布[J].应用与环境生物学报,1999,5(1):40～44.
[20]刘伯锋.福建沿海湿地鸻鹬类资源调查[J].动物学杂志,2003,38(6):72～75.
[21]蔡音亭,干晓静,马志军.鸟类调查的样线法和样点法比较:以崇明东滩春季盐沼鸟类调查为例[J].生物多样性,2010,18(1):44～49.