商业模式采纳与融合:“人工智能+”赋能下的零售企业多案例研究
|
摘要
本文以零售企业人工智能赋能下的商业模式为研究对象,探讨了"人工智能+"商业模式采纳的驱动要素以及采纳后产生的融合与冲突。通过分析和对比三家不同技术嵌入模式(外包、合作、自建)的零售企业人工智能商业模式,得出以下结论:(1)企业"人工智能+"商业模式的采纳受到内外因素共同的驱动作用,内部因素包括组织管理因素(企业管理者的推动、专门IT研发部门的设立、知识员工离职带给企业的风险)和充分的数据准备;外部因素包括新零售对企业的冲击、人工智能本身的系统效能、以及市场上其他企业采纳后的扩散和传播。(2)采纳人工智能商业模式之后,企业将会面临着来自组织和员工的阻力、项目交付阶段的信任危机。同时本文识别出了两种外部知识管理模式,探索型知识管理和应用型知识管理。最后本文总结了研究结论及在实践中的启示,并扩展讨论了其他行业人工智能商业模式采纳和融合的特征。
This paper takes the business model empowered with artificial intelligence in retail industry as the research object, and discusses the driving factors of the adoption of"artificial intelligence +" business model innovation and the integration and conflicts after adoption. By comparing and analyzing three retail enterprises with different technology development methods, we come to the following conclusions:(1) The adoption of "artificial intelligence+" business model of enterprises is driven by internal and external factors, internal factors refer to organizational management factors(the promotion of managers, the establishment of IT R&D department, the risk aversion brought by artificial intelligence) and the accumulation of data; external factors include the impact of new retail on traditional enterprise, the system performance of artificial intelligence, the spread and diffusion of new technology and knowledge.(2) After adopting the business model of artificial intelligence, enterprises will face the crisis from the organization, employees and the complementation of project. At the same time, this paper identifies two external knowledge management modes, that is, exploratory knowledge management and applicable knowledge management. Based on the above conclusions, this paper further discusses the inspiration and prospects in future research.
This paper takes the business model empowered with artificial intelligence in retail industry as the research object, and discusses the driving factors of the adoption of"artificial intelligence +" business model innovation and the integration and conflicts after adoption. By comparing and analyzing three retail enterprises with different technology development methods, we come to the following conclusions:(1) The adoption of "artificial intelligence+" business model of enterprises is driven by internal and external factors, internal factors refer to organizational management factors(the promotion of managers, the establishment of IT R&D department, the risk aversion brought by artificial intelligence) and the accumulation of data; external factors include the impact of new retail on traditional enterprise, the system performance of artificial intelligence, the spread and diffusion of new technology and knowledge.(2) After adopting the business model of artificial intelligence, enterprises will face the crisis from the organization, employees and the complementation of project. At the same time, this paper identifies two external knowledge management modes, that is, exploratory knowledge management and applicable knowledge management. Based on the above conclusions, this paper further discusses the inspiration and prospects in future research.
引文
[1] KimS.K.,Min S.Business Model Innovation Performance:When does Adding a New Business Model Benefit an Incumbent?[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2015,9(1):34-57
[2] Gerasymenko V.,De Clercq D.,Sapienza H.J.Changing the Business Model:Effects of Venture Capital Firms and Outside CEOs on Portfolio Company Performance[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2015,9(1):79-98
[3] Zott C.,Amit R.,Massa L.The Business Model:Recent Developments and Future Research[J].Journal of Management,2011,37(4):1019-1042
[4] Martins L.L.,Rindova V.P.,Greenbaum B.E.Unlocking the Hidden Value of Concepts:A Cognitive Approach to Business Model Innovation[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2015,9(1):99-117
[5] Mcgrath R.G.Business Models:A Discovery Driven Approach[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):247-261
[6] 云乐鑫,杨俊,张玉利.创业企业如何实现商业模式内容创新?——基于“网络——学习”双重机制的跨案例研究[J].管理世界,2017,(4):119-137
[7] 林诗慧,陈皓欣.2018年中国商业十大热点展望之四——人工智能催生零售新业态,智慧商业模式成商业蓝海[J].商业经济研究,2018,(8):2
[8] 张琪.人工智能在医疗行业创新应用的商业模式研究[J].中国国际财经(中英文),2017,(24):253-254
[9] 孙玉玲.人工智能时代数字出版产业发展前瞻[J].出版参考,2017,(9):13-15
[10] Amit R.,Zott C.Value Creation in E-business[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(617):493-520
[11] 梅亮,陈劲,吴欣桐.责任式创新范式下的新兴技术创新治理解析——以人工智能为例[J].技术经济,2018,37(1):1-7
[12] Chesbrough H.,Rosenbloom R.S.The Role of the Business Model in Capturing Value from Innovation:Evidence from Xeros Corporation’s Technology Spin off Companies[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2002,11(3):529-555
[13] 朱巍,陈慧慧,田思媛,等.人工智能:从科学梦到新蓝海——人工智能产业发展分析及对策[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(21):66-70
[14] Ferrando F.Is the Post-human a Post-woman?Cyborgs,Robots,Artificial Intelligence and the Futures of Gender:A Case Study[J].European Journal of Futures Research,2014,2(1):243-275
[15] Brynjolfsson E.,Rock D.,Syverson C.Artificial Intelligence and the Modern Productivity Paradox:A Clash of Expectations and Statistics[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2017
[16] Helbing D.,Frey B.S.,Gigerenzer G.,et al.Will Democracy Survive Big Data and Artificial Intelligence[R].Scientific American,2017
[17] Wodecki A.Artificial Intelligence in Value Creation:Improving Competitive Advantage[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan,2018
[18] Tornatzky L.G.,Fleischer M.The Processes of Technological Innovation[M].Kentucky:Lexington Books,1990
[19] 胡保亮.商业模式创新采纳影响因素研究[J].科技管理研究,2013,33(18):6-9
[20] Doz Y.L.,Kosonen M.Embedding Strategic Agility:A Leadership Agenda for Accelerating Business Model Renewal[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2):370-382
[21] 胡保亮,赵田亚,闫帅.高管团队行为整合,跨界搜索于商业模式创新[J].科研管理,2018,39(12):37-45
[22] 李顺才,邹珊刚.知识流动机理的三维分析模式[J].研究与发展管理,2003,25(2):39-43
[23] 涂振洲,顾新.基于知识流动的产学研协同创新过程研究[J].科学学研究,2013,31(9):1381-1390
[24] 彭灿.供应链中的知识流动与组织间学习[J].科研管理,2004,25(3):81-85
[25] 顾新,李久平,王维成.知识流动、知识链与知识链管理[J].软科学,2006,20(2):10-12
[26] 吴锋,李怀祖.知识管理对信息技术和信息系统外包成功性的影响[J].科研管理,2004,25(2):82-87
[27] Eisenhardt K.M.Building Theories from Case Study Research[J].Academy of Management Review,1989,14(4):532-550
[28] 毛基业,李高勇.案例研究的“术”与“道”的反思——中国企业管理案例与质性研究论坛(2013)综述[J].管理世界,2014,(2):111-117
[29] 姚明明,吴晓波,石涌江,等.技术追赶视角下商业模式设计与技术创新战略的匹配——一个多案例研究[J].管理世界,2014,(10):149-162
[30] 罗仲伟,任国良,焦豪,等.动态能力、技术范式转变与创新战略——基于腾讯微信“整合”与“迭代”微创新的纵向案例分析[J].管理世界,2014,(8):152-168
[31] Gasadesus-Masanell R.,Zhu F.Business Model Innovation and Competitive Limitation:The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models[J].Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(4):464-482
[32] 郑秋莹,范秀成.网上零售业服务补救策略研究——基于公平理论和期望理论的探讨[J].管理评论,2007,19(10):17-23
[33] 张霞,毛基业.国内企业管理案例研究的进展回顾与改进步骤——中国企业管理案例与理论构建研究论坛(2011)综述[J].管理世界,2012,(2):105-111
[34] 肖静华,谢康,吴瑶等.从面向合作伙伴到面向消费者的供应链转型——电商企业供应链双案例研究[J].管理世界,2015,(4):137-154
[35] 盛亚,徐璇,何东平.电子商务环境下零售企业商业模式:基于价值创造逻辑[J].科研管理,2015,36(10):122-129
[36] 赵辉,田志龙.伙伴关系、结构嵌入与绩效:对公益性CSR项目实施的多案例研究[J].管理世界,2014,(6):142-156
[37] 谢莉娟,王晓东,张昊.产业链视角下的国有企业效率实现机制——基于消费品行业的多案例诠释[J].管理世界,2016,(4):150-167
[38] Brian L.M.,Colin S.,Bain G.,et al.Risk Gap and Strength Key Concepts in Knowledge Management[J].Knowledge-Based System,2003,16(1):29-36
[39] Ahuja G.Collaboration Networks,Structural Holes,and Innovation:A Longitudinal Study[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2000,45(3):425-455
[40] Admit R.,Zott C.Creating Value through Business Model Innovation[J].MIT Sloan Management Review,2012,53(3):40-50
(1)https://t.qianzhan.com/caijing/detail/180821-e3b9d92e.html。
(2)http://www.ctoutiao.com/851566.html。
[2] Gerasymenko V.,De Clercq D.,Sapienza H.J.Changing the Business Model:Effects of Venture Capital Firms and Outside CEOs on Portfolio Company Performance[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2015,9(1):79-98
[3] Zott C.,Amit R.,Massa L.The Business Model:Recent Developments and Future Research[J].Journal of Management,2011,37(4):1019-1042
[4] Martins L.L.,Rindova V.P.,Greenbaum B.E.Unlocking the Hidden Value of Concepts:A Cognitive Approach to Business Model Innovation[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2015,9(1):99-117
[5] Mcgrath R.G.Business Models:A Discovery Driven Approach[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):247-261
[6] 云乐鑫,杨俊,张玉利.创业企业如何实现商业模式内容创新?——基于“网络——学习”双重机制的跨案例研究[J].管理世界,2017,(4):119-137
[7] 林诗慧,陈皓欣.2018年中国商业十大热点展望之四——人工智能催生零售新业态,智慧商业模式成商业蓝海[J].商业经济研究,2018,(8):2
[8] 张琪.人工智能在医疗行业创新应用的商业模式研究[J].中国国际财经(中英文),2017,(24):253-254
[9] 孙玉玲.人工智能时代数字出版产业发展前瞻[J].出版参考,2017,(9):13-15
[10] Amit R.,Zott C.Value Creation in E-business[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(617):493-520
[11] 梅亮,陈劲,吴欣桐.责任式创新范式下的新兴技术创新治理解析——以人工智能为例[J].技术经济,2018,37(1):1-7
[12] Chesbrough H.,Rosenbloom R.S.The Role of the Business Model in Capturing Value from Innovation:Evidence from Xeros Corporation’s Technology Spin off Companies[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2002,11(3):529-555
[13] 朱巍,陈慧慧,田思媛,等.人工智能:从科学梦到新蓝海——人工智能产业发展分析及对策[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(21):66-70
[14] Ferrando F.Is the Post-human a Post-woman?Cyborgs,Robots,Artificial Intelligence and the Futures of Gender:A Case Study[J].European Journal of Futures Research,2014,2(1):243-275
[15] Brynjolfsson E.,Rock D.,Syverson C.Artificial Intelligence and the Modern Productivity Paradox:A Clash of Expectations and Statistics[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2017
[16] Helbing D.,Frey B.S.,Gigerenzer G.,et al.Will Democracy Survive Big Data and Artificial Intelligence[R].Scientific American,2017
[17] Wodecki A.Artificial Intelligence in Value Creation:Improving Competitive Advantage[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan,2018
[18] Tornatzky L.G.,Fleischer M.The Processes of Technological Innovation[M].Kentucky:Lexington Books,1990
[19] 胡保亮.商业模式创新采纳影响因素研究[J].科技管理研究,2013,33(18):6-9
[20] Doz Y.L.,Kosonen M.Embedding Strategic Agility:A Leadership Agenda for Accelerating Business Model Renewal[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2):370-382
[21] 胡保亮,赵田亚,闫帅.高管团队行为整合,跨界搜索于商业模式创新[J].科研管理,2018,39(12):37-45
[22] 李顺才,邹珊刚.知识流动机理的三维分析模式[J].研究与发展管理,2003,25(2):39-43
[23] 涂振洲,顾新.基于知识流动的产学研协同创新过程研究[J].科学学研究,2013,31(9):1381-1390
[24] 彭灿.供应链中的知识流动与组织间学习[J].科研管理,2004,25(3):81-85
[25] 顾新,李久平,王维成.知识流动、知识链与知识链管理[J].软科学,2006,20(2):10-12
[26] 吴锋,李怀祖.知识管理对信息技术和信息系统外包成功性的影响[J].科研管理,2004,25(2):82-87
[27] Eisenhardt K.M.Building Theories from Case Study Research[J].Academy of Management Review,1989,14(4):532-550
[28] 毛基业,李高勇.案例研究的“术”与“道”的反思——中国企业管理案例与质性研究论坛(2013)综述[J].管理世界,2014,(2):111-117
[29] 姚明明,吴晓波,石涌江,等.技术追赶视角下商业模式设计与技术创新战略的匹配——一个多案例研究[J].管理世界,2014,(10):149-162
[30] 罗仲伟,任国良,焦豪,等.动态能力、技术范式转变与创新战略——基于腾讯微信“整合”与“迭代”微创新的纵向案例分析[J].管理世界,2014,(8):152-168
[31] Gasadesus-Masanell R.,Zhu F.Business Model Innovation and Competitive Limitation:The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models[J].Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(4):464-482
[32] 郑秋莹,范秀成.网上零售业服务补救策略研究——基于公平理论和期望理论的探讨[J].管理评论,2007,19(10):17-23
[33] 张霞,毛基业.国内企业管理案例研究的进展回顾与改进步骤——中国企业管理案例与理论构建研究论坛(2011)综述[J].管理世界,2012,(2):105-111
[34] 肖静华,谢康,吴瑶等.从面向合作伙伴到面向消费者的供应链转型——电商企业供应链双案例研究[J].管理世界,2015,(4):137-154
[35] 盛亚,徐璇,何东平.电子商务环境下零售企业商业模式:基于价值创造逻辑[J].科研管理,2015,36(10):122-129
[36] 赵辉,田志龙.伙伴关系、结构嵌入与绩效:对公益性CSR项目实施的多案例研究[J].管理世界,2014,(6):142-156
[37] 谢莉娟,王晓东,张昊.产业链视角下的国有企业效率实现机制——基于消费品行业的多案例诠释[J].管理世界,2016,(4):150-167
[38] Brian L.M.,Colin S.,Bain G.,et al.Risk Gap and Strength Key Concepts in Knowledge Management[J].Knowledge-Based System,2003,16(1):29-36
[39] Ahuja G.Collaboration Networks,Structural Holes,and Innovation:A Longitudinal Study[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2000,45(3):425-455
[40] Admit R.,Zott C.Creating Value through Business Model Innovation[J].MIT Sloan Management Review,2012,53(3):40-50
(1)https://t.qianzhan.com/caijing/detail/180821-e3b9d92e.html。
(2)http://www.ctoutiao.com/851566.html。