公交补贴机制研究综述与展望
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摘要
建立科学、规范的公交补贴机制是促进公交行业稳定健康发展与增强政府财政补贴有效性、可持续性的重要保障。为促进国内公交补贴机制相关研究的发展,回顾和总结了公交补贴机制领域主要研究的发展现状、研究成果、存在问题及发展方向。首先简要介绍了公交补贴机制的基本定义及研究的热点、难点问题。而后从公交补贴的理论依据、补贴测算方法、补贴及补贴机制对公交系统绩效的影响3个方面,重点对主要研究方法、研究结论及存在的问题等进行了梳理和分析。最后进行了问题总结并从公交成本评价方法、更优化的补贴机制构建等方面探讨了未来的研究发展方向。
A scientific subsidy mechanism ensures the healthy development of bus transit industry,and the effectiveness and sustainability of government subsidy.This study reviews the research status,achievements,existing problems and development prospects on the subsidy mechanism of bus transit in China.Firstly,the definition,research focus and challenges on the subsidy mechanism are reviewed.Secondly,the study summarizes the main methods,conclusions and problems on the research rationales,the calculation methods of bus transit subsidies,and the effects of subsidy and subsidy mechanism on bus performances.Finally,the research challenges are summarized and the future research trends and topics are identified including cost measurement method and establishment of subsidy mechanism.
A scientific subsidy mechanism ensures the healthy development of bus transit industry,and the effectiveness and sustainability of government subsidy.This study reviews the research status,achievements,existing problems and development prospects on the subsidy mechanism of bus transit in China.Firstly,the definition,research focus and challenges on the subsidy mechanism are reviewed.Secondly,the study summarizes the main methods,conclusions and problems on the research rationales,the calculation methods of bus transit subsidies,and the effects of subsidy and subsidy mechanism on bus performances.Finally,the research challenges are summarized and the future research trends and topics are identified including cost measurement method and establishment of subsidy mechanism.
引文
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[19]RIETVELD P.Transport and the environment.In:FOLMER H,TIETENBERG T.Yearbook of environmental economics[M].Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.,2006.
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[29]MATHERLY D.Developing aperformance-based transit allocation formula:case study for a participatory process[J].Transportation Research Record,1998(1604):83-91.
[30]LARSEN O I.Designing incentive schemes for public transport operators in Hordaland County,Norway[C].Presented at 7th International Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport,Norway:Molde University College,2001.
[31]HENSHER D A,STANLEY J.Performancebased quality contracts in bus service provision[J].Transportation Research Part A,2003,37(6):519-538.
[32]LONGVA F,BEKKEN J T,NORHEIM B.Competitive tendering and performance-based subsidiesexperiences in Dutch and Norwegian bus transport[C].Presented at the European Transport Conference,France:Association for European Transport,2004.
[33]SCHMIDT S.Incentive effects of expanding federal mass transit formula grants[J].Journal of Policy Analysis and Management,2001,20(2):239-261.
[34]FILIPPINI M,MAGGI R,PRIONI P.Cost-based yardstick regulation in the Swiss regional public bus industry[C].Presented at 1st Swiss Transport Research Conference,Switzerland:Institut für Verkehrsplanung und Transporttechnik,Strassenund Eisenbahnbau,ETH Zürich,2001.
[35]FARSI M,FILIPPINI M,KUENZLE M.Cost efficiency in regional bus companies:an application of alternative stochastic frontier models[J].Journal of Transport Economics and Policy,2006,40(1):95-118.
[36]CULLMANN A,FARSI M,FILIPPINI M.Unobserved heterogeneity and international benchmarking in public transport[R].Zurich:Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich,2009.
[37]SHLEIFER A.A theory of yardstick competition[J].Rand Journal of Economics,1985,16(3):319-327.
[38]魏利华.城市公交企业政策性亏损测算及补贴机制研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.WEI Lihua.Research on the calculation and the subsidy mechanism of losses:permitted by policy in urban public transport enterprises[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2011.(in Chinese)
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