不同色型棕背伯劳(Lanius schach)的巢址选择比较
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摘要
2008年2—6月,在广东海丰鸟类自然保护区对棕背伯劳棕色型(normal morph)、黑色型(dark morph)及其不同杂交型的巢址选择及巢的生态测量值进行了比较。结果如下:1)野外观察发现棕背伯劳不同色型间未有生殖隔离;2)对59巢15个巢址因子进行主成分分析表明,巢址选择均主要受5个主成分的影响(5个主成分中,相对系数绝对值最高的变量依次是:巢位高、水源距离、巢下方郁闭度、巢枝分叉级数和巢树隐蔽度),累计贡献率达70.18%。三种交配型(黑色型-黑色型,黑色型-棕色型和棕色型-棕色型)巢址选择的主要影响因子皆无显著性差异(P>0.05)。3)不同交配型在巢材选择上取材均较为广泛,但差异不显著,巢的生态测量值亦无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论认为,棕背伯劳不同色型在巢址生态位尺度上未出现明显分化。
A comparison of nest-site selection among different color morphs of Lanius schach and nest characteristics were studied in Haifeng Birds Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province from Feb. to Jun. 2008. The results were as follows. 1) There was no reproductive isolation between the dark morph and normal morph of Lanius schach. 2) Fifteen parameters collected at 59 nest sites were subjected to a principal component analysis(PCA), and the results showed that five principal components were abstracted, which explained 70.18% of the total variance(in the main components, height of the nest, distance from water, canopy cover under nest, divarication number of the nesting branch and hidden degree of the nesting tree had the highest relative coefficient absolute value). Furthermore, there were no significant differences among three mating types of Lanius schach in nest-site selection(P > 0.05)(dark morph mating dark morph, normal morph mating dark morph and normal morph mating normal morph). 3) There were few differences in nest materials among different mating types, and the composition of their nest material was diversified, depending on materials around nests. Also, there were no significant differences in nest measurements among different mating types(P > 0.05). In a word, there were no significant differences in ecological niche scale of nest-site among different color morphs of Lanius schach.
A comparison of nest-site selection among different color morphs of Lanius schach and nest characteristics were studied in Haifeng Birds Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province from Feb. to Jun. 2008. The results were as follows. 1) There was no reproductive isolation between the dark morph and normal morph of Lanius schach. 2) Fifteen parameters collected at 59 nest sites were subjected to a principal component analysis(PCA), and the results showed that five principal components were abstracted, which explained 70.18% of the total variance(in the main components, height of the nest, distance from water, canopy cover under nest, divarication number of the nesting branch and hidden degree of the nesting tree had the highest relative coefficient absolute value). Furthermore, there were no significant differences among three mating types of Lanius schach in nest-site selection(P > 0.05)(dark morph mating dark morph, normal morph mating dark morph and normal morph mating normal morph). 3) There were few differences in nest materials among different mating types, and the composition of their nest material was diversified, depending on materials around nests. Also, there were no significant differences in nest measurements among different mating types(P > 0.05). In a word, there were no significant differences in ecological niche scale of nest-site among different color morphs of Lanius schach.
引文
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[15]胡军华,杨道德,胡慧建,等.广东海丰紫水鸡种群密度调查[J].动物学杂志,2007,42(1):107–111.
[16]官天培,胡婧,罗贵平,等.四川南充地区棕背伯劳的繁殖习性[J].动物学杂志,2006,41(5):92–97.
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[19]贾云刚.棕背伯劳的食性定性分析[J].怀化学院学报,1992,11(1):97,102.
[20]BROWNE S J,AEBISCHER N J.Habitat use,foraging ecology and diet of Turtle Doves Streptopelia turtur in Britain[J].Ibis,2003,145(4):572–582.
[21]郑光美.河北省常见鸟巢和鸟卵的鉴别[J].生物学通报,1963,4,9–14.
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[23]WALSBERG G E,KING J R.The energetic consequences of incubation for two passerine species[J].Auk,1978,95(4):644–655.
[24]SKOWRON C,KERN M.The insulation in nests of selected North American songbirds[J].Auk,1980,97(4):816–824.
[25]ZHANG W,LEI F M,LIANG G,et al.Taxonomic status of eight Asian shrike species(Lanius):phylogenetic analysis based on Cyt b and Co I gene sequences[J].Acta Ornithologica,2007,42(2):173–180.
[2]黄进文,赵世烨,林宜舟,等.棕背伯劳两种色型繁殖特征的比较[J].动物学研究,2009,30(3):288–294.
[3]赵正阶.中国鸟类志第Ⅱ卷雀形目[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2001:136–139.
[4]郑光美.世界鸟类分类与分布名录[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[5]江燕琼,唐思贤,丁志锋,等.棕背伯劳羽色多态现象探讨[J].动物学研究,2008,29(1):99–102.
[6]陈服官,罗有时,郑光美,等.中国动物志?鸟纲?第九卷?雀形目[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:30–37.
[7]黄进文.棕背伯劳(Lanius schach)两种色型繁殖生态学的比较研究(硕士学位论文)[D].上海:华东师范大学,2009.
[8]赵世烨,黄进文,孟莉,等.不同色型棕背伯劳的冬季家域对比研究[J].四川动物,2010,29(4):543–546.
[9]SOUTHWOOD T R E.Habitat,the templet for ecological strategies?[J]Journal of Animal Ecology,1977,46(2):337–365.
[10]MARTIN T E.Are microhabitat preferences of coexisting species under selection and adaptive?[J].Ecology,1998,79(2):656–670.
[11]CLARK R G,SHUTLER D.Avian habitat selection:pattern from process in nest-site use by ducks?[J].Ecology,1999,80(1):272–287.
[12]PLESZCZYNSKA W K.Microgeographic prediction of polygyny in the lark bunting[J].Science,1978,201(4359):935–937.
[13]CLARK L,RICKLEFS R E,SCHREIBER R W.Nest-site selection by the red-tailed tropicbird[J].Auk,1983,100(4):953–959.
[14]CITTA J J,LINDBERG M S.Nest-site selection of passerines:effects of geographic scale and public and personal information[J].Ecology,2007,88(8):2034–2046.
[15]胡军华,杨道德,胡慧建,等.广东海丰紫水鸡种群密度调查[J].动物学杂志,2007,42(1):107–111.
[16]官天培,胡婧,罗贵平,等.四川南充地区棕背伯劳的繁殖习性[J].动物学杂志,2006,41(5):92–97.
[17]BADYAEV A V.Nesting habitat and nesting success of eastern wild turkeys in the Arkansas Ozark Highlands[J].Condor,1995,97(1):221–232.
[18]晏安厚,马金生.棕背伯劳的生态观察[J].动物学杂志,1991,26(5):30–32.
[19]贾云刚.棕背伯劳的食性定性分析[J].怀化学院学报,1992,11(1):97,102.
[20]BROWNE S J,AEBISCHER N J.Habitat use,foraging ecology and diet of Turtle Doves Streptopelia turtur in Britain[J].Ibis,2003,145(4):572–582.
[21]郑光美.河北省常见鸟巢和鸟卵的鉴别[J].生物学通报,1963,4,9–14.
[22]ALATALO R V,CARLSON A,LUNDBERG A.Nest cavity size and clutch size of Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca breeding in natural tree holes[J].Ornis Scandinavica,1988,19(4):317–319.
[23]WALSBERG G E,KING J R.The energetic consequences of incubation for two passerine species[J].Auk,1978,95(4):644–655.
[24]SKOWRON C,KERN M.The insulation in nests of selected North American songbirds[J].Auk,1980,97(4):816–824.
[25]ZHANG W,LEI F M,LIANG G,et al.Taxonomic status of eight Asian shrike species(Lanius):phylogenetic analysis based on Cyt b and Co I gene sequences[J].Acta Ornithologica,2007,42(2):173–180.