数据挖掘技术在中医特色方药治疗眼科疾病文献研究中的应用
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摘要
目的:基于数据挖掘技术,探讨中医特色方药治疗眼科疾病的用药配伍规律,为临床诊疗决策提供可靠依据和支持。方法:从30本/部中医眼科古籍文献及2015年3月至2018年3月中国生物文献数据库、中国学术期刊全文数据库中临床眼科名老中医处方中各筛选出至少500首方剂进行整理,借助计算机软件,通过频数分析、穷举算法和关联规则等,对中医特色方配伍特点和用药规律进行分析。结果:共筛选眼科疾病方剂1 086首,共涉及中药473味;其中,内服方928首(占85.45%)、外用方158首(14.55%);以汤剂(473首,占43.55%)、冲剂(266首,占24.49%)居多;外障眼病方剂541首(占49.82%),涉及中药26类,以寒凉药、温热药为主,出现频次数排序靠前的中药类别依次为补气药、发散风寒药、清热凉血药、发散风热药、清热泻火药、清热解毒药及活血化瘀药等,出现频次数较高的药对组合为清热泻火药配伍收湿敛疮药、清热泻火药配伍拔毒生肌药及清热泻火药配伍疏风解表药(与各类别中药的出现频次数统计结果大体一致);内障眼病方剂545首(占50.18%),涉及中药26类,以温热药、寒凉药为主,其中活血化瘀药出现频次数最高,其次为补气药、清热凉血药、补血药及补阴药等,出现频次数较高的药对组合为活血化瘀药配伍补气药、活血化瘀药配伍补血药及活血化瘀药配伍补阴药(与各类别中药的出现频次数统计结果大体一致)。结论:中医眼科古籍文献方剂及眼科名老中医处方中,治疗外障、内障眼病用药均以寒凉药、温热药为主,但外障、内障眼病的具体用药方法、药对明显不同,其组方思路均可为今后中医治疗眼科疾病提供借鉴。
OBJECTIVE: To probe into the compatibility regularity of specific prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in treatment of ophthalmological diseases based on data mining, so as to provide reliable basis and support for clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions. METHODS: Over 500 prescriptions were screened out from 30 ancient books of ophthalmology of TCM and clinical ophthalmology prescriptions of distinguished TCM doctors in CBM and CNKI during Mar. 2015 to Mar. 2018, with the help of computer software, through frequency analysis, exhaustive algorithm and association rules, the features of compatibility and medication regularity of specific Chinese prescriptions were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1 086 prescriptions were screened out, 473 flavor of Chinese medicine were involved; of which 928 prescriptions(85.45%) were for orally taken, 158 prescriptions(14.55%) were for external use; mostly were decoction(473 prescriptions, 43.55%) and granule(266 prescriptions, 24.49%); 541 prescriptions(49.82%) were in treatment of external oculopathy, involving 26 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, mainly were cold and cold herb, warm and hot herb, the traditional Chinese medicines that were sorted by frequency were respectively qi-tonifying drugs, cold-dispersing drugs, heat-removing and blood-cooling drugs, heat-dispersing drugs, heat-clearing and fire-clearing drugs, heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs, blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs, etc., the drug compatibility with high frequency were respectively heat-clearing and fire-clearing drugs compatible with hygroscopic and sore-healing drugs, heat-clearing and fire-clearing drugs compatible with detoxifying and promoting granulation, heat-clearing and fire-clearing drugs compatible with cold dispelling and diaphoretic drug(generally in consistent with the application frequency of various types of Chinese medicines); 545 cases(50.18%) were in treatment of internal oculopath, involving 26 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, mainly were warm and hot herb, cold and cold herb, of which the blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs was used most frequently, followed by qi-tonifying drugs, heat-removing and blood-cooling drugs, hematinic and Yin-tonifying drugs, the drug compatibility with high frequency were respectively blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs compatible with qi-tonifying drugs, blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs compatible with hematinic, blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs compatible with Yin-tonifying drugs(generally in consistent with the application frequency of various types of Chinese medicines). CONCLUSIONS: In ancient books of ophthalmology of TCM and clinical ophthalmology prescriptions of distinguished TCM doctors, the treatment of external and internal oculopathy are mainly cold and cold herb, warm and hot herb, while the specific medication and drug compatibility are obviously different, the ideas of prescription formulation can provide reference for future treatment of ophthalmic diseases by TCM.
OBJECTIVE: To probe into the compatibility regularity of specific prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in treatment of ophthalmological diseases based on data mining, so as to provide reliable basis and support for clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions. METHODS: Over 500 prescriptions were screened out from 30 ancient books of ophthalmology of TCM and clinical ophthalmology prescriptions of distinguished TCM doctors in CBM and CNKI during Mar. 2015 to Mar. 2018, with the help of computer software, through frequency analysis, exhaustive algorithm and association rules, the features of compatibility and medication regularity of specific Chinese prescriptions were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1 086 prescriptions were screened out, 473 flavor of Chinese medicine were involved; of which 928 prescriptions(85.45%) were for orally taken, 158 prescriptions(14.55%) were for external use; mostly were decoction(473 prescriptions, 43.55%) and granule(266 prescriptions, 24.49%); 541 prescriptions(49.82%) were in treatment of external oculopathy, involving 26 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, mainly were cold and cold herb, warm and hot herb, the traditional Chinese medicines that were sorted by frequency were respectively qi-tonifying drugs, cold-dispersing drugs, heat-removing and blood-cooling drugs, heat-dispersing drugs, heat-clearing and fire-clearing drugs, heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs, blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs, etc., the drug compatibility with high frequency were respectively heat-clearing and fire-clearing drugs compatible with hygroscopic and sore-healing drugs, heat-clearing and fire-clearing drugs compatible with detoxifying and promoting granulation, heat-clearing and fire-clearing drugs compatible with cold dispelling and diaphoretic drug(generally in consistent with the application frequency of various types of Chinese medicines); 545 cases(50.18%) were in treatment of internal oculopath, involving 26 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, mainly were warm and hot herb, cold and cold herb, of which the blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs was used most frequently, followed by qi-tonifying drugs, heat-removing and blood-cooling drugs, hematinic and Yin-tonifying drugs, the drug compatibility with high frequency were respectively blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs compatible with qi-tonifying drugs, blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs compatible with hematinic, blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs compatible with Yin-tonifying drugs(generally in consistent with the application frequency of various types of Chinese medicines). CONCLUSIONS: In ancient books of ophthalmology of TCM and clinical ophthalmology prescriptions of distinguished TCM doctors, the treatment of external and internal oculopathy are mainly cold and cold herb, warm and hot herb, while the specific medication and drug compatibility are obviously different, the ideas of prescription formulation can provide reference for future treatment of ophthalmic diseases by TCM.
引文
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[35] 于林童,曲文白,余新波,等.数据挖掘方法在名老中医用药规律研究中的应用现状[J].中医杂志,2017,58(10):886-888,900.
[36] 魏春秀,罗旭昇,杨薇.大柴胡汤在眼科疾病治疗中的运用[J].广州中医药大学学报,2017,34(2):290-292.
[37] 方雨葳,彭华.中西医治疗干眼的研究进展[J].中国中医眼科杂志,2017,27(3):201-204.
[38] 刘文,谢立科,杨光,等.逍遥散加减方治疗眼科疾病之名医验方探析[J].中国中医眼科杂志,2016,26(4):246-249.
[2] 朱永政,张永臣.《针灸大成》眼科病治疗规律浅析[J].浙江中医药大学学报,2016,40(8):629-631,635.
[3] 彭清华.中医眼科学[M].9版.北京:中国中医药出版社,2012:119-141.
[4] 肖国士,唐由之.中医眼科全书[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2011:256-851.
[5] 葆光道人.秘传眼科龙木论[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:3-189.
[6] 孙思邈.千金要方[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1998:112-188.
[7] 傅仁宇.审视瑶函[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:22-125.
[8] 佚名.银海精微[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:25-42.
[9] 倪维德.原机启微[M].北京:华夏出版社,1997:185-250.
[10] 佚名.明目神验方[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2015:26-71.
[11] 黄庭镜.目经大成[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:317-326.
[12] 顾锡.银海指南[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1960:6-19.
[13] 佚名.秘授眼科[M].郑州:中原农民出版社,2012:33-97.
[14] 刘耀先.眼科金镜[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:164-189.
[15] 王肯堂.证治准绳[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:112-186.
[16] 张景岳.景岳全书[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:526-828.
[17] 朱橚,滕硕,刘醇,等.普济方[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1959:16-54.
[18] 吴谦.医宗金鉴[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:415-481.
[19] 马化龙.眼科阐微[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1984:11-95.
[20] 路际平.眼科临症笔记[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,1963:7-36.
[21] 陆南山.眼科临症录[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2012:50-162.
[22] 姚和清.眼科证治经验[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社出版,1979:7-43.
[23] 韦玉英.韦文贵眼科经验选[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1980:215-363.
[24] 杨维周.中医眼科历代方剂汇编[M].北京:科技文献出版社,1980:12-55.
[25] 彭清华.中西医结合眼底病学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2011:174-296.
[26] 康维恂.眼科菁华录[M].上海:上海千顷堂书局,1953:5-17.
[27] 陈滋.中西眼科汇通[M].上海:海眼科医学院刊印,1936:3-21.
[28] 段俊国.中医眼科临床研究[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009:35-88.
[29] 张望之.眼科探骊[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1982:43-79.
[30] 马德祥.陈溪南眼科经验[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1980:2-60.
[31] 周奉建.张皆春眼科证治[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1980:17-112.
[32] 李传课.中医眼科临床手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2002:49-107.
[33] 国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典[M].2015年版.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:25-79.
[34] 南京中医药大学编著.中药大辞典[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006:1529-1874.
[35] 于林童,曲文白,余新波,等.数据挖掘方法在名老中医用药规律研究中的应用现状[J].中医杂志,2017,58(10):886-888,900.
[36] 魏春秀,罗旭昇,杨薇.大柴胡汤在眼科疾病治疗中的运用[J].广州中医药大学学报,2017,34(2):290-292.
[37] 方雨葳,彭华.中西医治疗干眼的研究进展[J].中国中医眼科杂志,2017,27(3):201-204.
[38] 刘文,谢立科,杨光,等.逍遥散加减方治疗眼科疾病之名医验方探析[J].中国中医眼科杂志,2016,26(4):246-249.