利用正演技术识别地震解释中的假象
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摘要
绕曲、小型地堑以及陷落柱在地震时间剖面上地震特征容易混淆,相互之间不易识别从而形成地震假象,给地震构造解释带来的困惑.为了识别这些地质现象在地震时间剖面上的真实反映.通过利用正演模拟技术研究这些地震假象的识别方法,采用地质资料设计不同地质现象的地震模型,正演分析了在叠加、叠后偏移和叠前偏移等地震时间剖面上的响应特征以及采用不同初始迭代速度模型处理的叠前偏移剖面上的特征.认为通过分析地震绕射波的响应特征、采用适合的初始迭代速度进行叠前时间偏移处理可以分辨出这些地震假象.最后利用地震勘探实例对总结方法的效果进行了验证.
The seismic characteristics of the bending, small graben and collapse columns are easy to be confused in the seismic time profile. It is not easy to identify each other, thus forming the seismic illusion and causing confusion to the structural interpretation.In order to identify the real reflection of these geological phenomena on the seismic time profile.The identification methods of these seismic artifacts are studied by using forward modeling techniques,Seismic models of different geological phenomena are designed with geological data,The response characteristics of seismic time profiles such as superposition, post-stack migration and pre-stack migration are analyzed and the characteristics of pre-stack migration profiles processed by different initial iteration velocity models are described.It is concluded that these seismic illusions can be distinguished by analyzing the response characteristics of seismic diffraction waves and using the appropriate initial iteration speed for pre-stack time migration.Finally, an example of seismic exploration is used to verify the effectiveness of the method.
The seismic characteristics of the bending, small graben and collapse columns are easy to be confused in the seismic time profile. It is not easy to identify each other, thus forming the seismic illusion and causing confusion to the structural interpretation.In order to identify the real reflection of these geological phenomena on the seismic time profile.The identification methods of these seismic artifacts are studied by using forward modeling techniques,Seismic models of different geological phenomena are designed with geological data,The response characteristics of seismic time profiles such as superposition, post-stack migration and pre-stack migration are analyzed and the characteristics of pre-stack migration profiles processed by different initial iteration velocity models are described.It is concluded that these seismic illusions can be distinguished by analyzing the response characteristics of seismic diffraction waves and using the appropriate initial iteration speed for pre-stack time migration.Finally, an example of seismic exploration is used to verify the effectiveness of the method.
引文
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LIU Jian-hong,TIAN Zhen-ping,ZHAO Bo. 2004. Application of model forward technique in complex structure areas [C]. The 12th Symposium on Geophysical Prospecting Technology in the Western Region of China Petroleum Society in 2004,80-84.刘建红,田振平,赵波. 2004. 模型正演技术在复杂构造区的应用[C]. 中国石油学会西部地区2004年第12次物探技术研讨会,80-84.
LIU Wei. 2014. Forward modeling and application of coal thickness [J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University (Natural Science) (in Chinese),33(2): 169-172.刘卫. 2014. 煤厚正演模拟与应用[J]. 河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),33(2): 169-172.
WANG Xi-wen,QIN Guang-sheng,ZHAO Wei-feng,et al. 2012. The application of forward modeling technique in seismic acquisition design [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),27(2): 642- 650,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.02.029.王锡文,秦广胜,赵卫锋,等. 2012. 正演模拟技术在地震采集设计中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,27(2): 642- 650,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.02.029.
WEI Yu,CHEN Tong-jun,JIANG Xiao-yu,et al. 2017. Application of seismic inversion based on convolution model in coalfield geological exploration [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),32(3): 1258-1265,doi: 10.6038/pg20170341.韦瑜,陈同俊,江晓雨,等. 2017. 基于褶积模型的地震反演方法在煤田地质勘探中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,32(3): 1258-1265,doi: 10.6038/pg20170341.
YIN Qi-feng,PAN Dong-ming,YU Jing-cun,et al. 2012. Research on seismic identification technique of coal mine collapse column [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),27(5): 2168-2174,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.05.043.尹奇峰,潘冬明,于景邨,等. 2012. 煤矿陷落柱地震识别技术研究[J]. 地球物理学进展,27(5): 2168-2174,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.05.043.
ZHANG Jun-hua,ZHANG Bin-bin,WU Cheng,et al. 2014. Analysis of cave imaging affect by seismic acquisition and processing factors [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),29(3): 1350-1356,doi: 10.6038/pg20140349.张军华,张彬彬,吴成,等. 2014. 地震采集与处理因素对溶洞成像的影响分析[J]. 地球物理学进展,29(3): 1350-1356,doi: 10.6038/pg20140349.
ZHANG Xing-ping,LIN Jian-dong,TANG Jian-yi,et al. 2008. High accurate identification of mine sink hole base on 3D seismic lay attribute [J]. Coal Science and Technology (in Chinese),36(7): 87-91.张兴平,林建东,唐建益,等. 2008. 基于三维地震层间属性高精度识别煤矿陷落柱[J]. 煤炭科学技术,36(7): 87-91.
GUO Wen-feng,CAO Zhi-yong,WEI Hong-xue,et al. 2015. The forward modeling and the analysis of wave field in the collapse of gob area [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),30(2): 847-852,doi: 10.6038/pg20150249.郭文峰,曹志勇,卫红学,等. 2015. 塌陷采空区的正演模拟及波场分析[J]. 地球物理学进展,30(2): 847-852,doi: 10.6038/pg20150249.
Huang Cheng,Yang Fei,Li Peng-fei. 2013. The Use of Forward Modeling to Identify Various Seismic Illusions [J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics (in Chinese),10(4): 493- 496.黄诚,杨飞,李鹏飞. 2013. 利用正演模拟识别各类地震假象[J]. 工程地球物理学报,10(4): 493- 496.
JIE Wei. 2015. Research and application of fine interpretation method on small structure in coalfield [J]. China Coal (in Chinese),41(1): 35-38.介伟. 2015. 煤田小构造精细解释方法研究及应用[J]. 中国煤炭,41(1): 35-38.
Lei Deng-wen,Tang Jian-hua,Shao Yu. 2002. Forward modeling and identification of small faults in mobei area of junggar basin [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology (in Chinese),23(2): 111-113.雷德文,唐建华,邵雨. 2002. 准噶尔盆地莫北地区小断裂的正演模拟与识别[J]. 新疆石油地质,23(2): 111-113.
LI Qing-zhen. 1999. The forward modeling technique is used to identify the illusion in fault interpretation [J]. Coal Geology & Exploration (in Chinese),S1: 58-59.李庆珍. 1999. 利用正演模拟技术识别断层解释中的假象[J]. 煤田地质与勘探,S1: 58-59.
LI Yan-fang,CHENG Jian-yuan,XIONG Xiao-jun,et al. 2011. 3D seismic forward modeling of collapse column and comparison [J]. Journal of China Coal Society (in Chinese),36(3): 456- 460.李艳芳,程建远,熊晓军,等. 2011. 陷落柱三维地震正演模拟及对比分析[J]. 煤炭学报,36(3): 456- 460.
LIN Jian-dong,YANG Zhen,YAN Zhong-hui,et al. 2012. Seismic response and identification of coal mine collapse columns [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),27(6): 2631-2638,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.042.林建东,杨振,颜中辉,等. 2012. 煤矿陷落柱的地震响应特征与识别[J]. 地球物理学进展,27(6): 2631-2638,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.042.
LIU Feng,MU Zhong-hai,JIANG Yu-qiang,et al. 2011. Seismic identification of small fault [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),26(6): 2210-2215,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.040.刘峰,牟中海,蒋裕强,等. 2011. 小断层的地震识别[J]. 地球物理学进展,26(6): 2210-2215,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.040.
LIU Jian-hong,TIAN Zhen-ping,ZHAO Bo. 2004. Application of model forward technique in complex structure areas [C]. The 12th Symposium on Geophysical Prospecting Technology in the Western Region of China Petroleum Society in 2004,80-84.刘建红,田振平,赵波. 2004. 模型正演技术在复杂构造区的应用[C]. 中国石油学会西部地区2004年第12次物探技术研讨会,80-84.
LIU Wei. 2014. Forward modeling and application of coal thickness [J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University (Natural Science) (in Chinese),33(2): 169-172.刘卫. 2014. 煤厚正演模拟与应用[J]. 河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),33(2): 169-172.
WANG Xi-wen,QIN Guang-sheng,ZHAO Wei-feng,et al. 2012. The application of forward modeling technique in seismic acquisition design [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),27(2): 642- 650,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.02.029.王锡文,秦广胜,赵卫锋,等. 2012. 正演模拟技术在地震采集设计中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,27(2): 642- 650,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.02.029.
WEI Yu,CHEN Tong-jun,JIANG Xiao-yu,et al. 2017. Application of seismic inversion based on convolution model in coalfield geological exploration [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),32(3): 1258-1265,doi: 10.6038/pg20170341.韦瑜,陈同俊,江晓雨,等. 2017. 基于褶积模型的地震反演方法在煤田地质勘探中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,32(3): 1258-1265,doi: 10.6038/pg20170341.
YIN Qi-feng,PAN Dong-ming,YU Jing-cun,et al. 2012. Research on seismic identification technique of coal mine collapse column [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),27(5): 2168-2174,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.05.043.尹奇峰,潘冬明,于景邨,等. 2012. 煤矿陷落柱地震识别技术研究[J]. 地球物理学进展,27(5): 2168-2174,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.05.043.
ZHANG Jun-hua,ZHANG Bin-bin,WU Cheng,et al. 2014. Analysis of cave imaging affect by seismic acquisition and processing factors [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),29(3): 1350-1356,doi: 10.6038/pg20140349.张军华,张彬彬,吴成,等. 2014. 地震采集与处理因素对溶洞成像的影响分析[J]. 地球物理学进展,29(3): 1350-1356,doi: 10.6038/pg20140349.
ZHANG Xing-ping,LIN Jian-dong,TANG Jian-yi,et al. 2008. High accurate identification of mine sink hole base on 3D seismic lay attribute [J]. Coal Science and Technology (in Chinese),36(7): 87-91.张兴平,林建东,唐建益,等. 2008. 基于三维地震层间属性高精度识别煤矿陷落柱[J]. 煤炭科学技术,36(7): 87-91.