土地整理后绿肥压青对土壤改良和烤烟产质量的影响
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摘要
为了探索绿肥(光叶紫花苕子和肥田萝卜)压青对整理后土壤的改良作用,在福建三明烟区进行了大田试验,测定了土壤养分、物理性状指标和微生物数量。结果发现,绿肥压青能提高土壤活性有机质、碱解N、有效P、速效K含量(质量分数),其中光叶紫花苕子压青比萝卜压青对提高土壤碱解N的效果更好,萝卜压青比光叶紫花苕子压青对提高土壤有效P、速效K含量的效果更好。绿肥压青能够降低土壤容重,增加土壤田间持水量、总孔隙度、土壤通气度以及土壤水稳性团聚体含量,并增加微生物多样性指数。绿肥压青后,烤烟产量、均价和上等烟比例均增加,烟叶总氮含量,中、上部叶K含量提高。因此,土地整理后绿肥压青对改良土壤有积极作用。
To investigate the effects of green manure [smooth vetch(Vicia villosa Roth var.) and radish(Raphanus sativus L.)] on soil amelioration after land consolidation, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the fertility, physical properties and microbe amount of soil in Sanming tobacco-planting area, Fujian Province. The results showed that green manure application increased the contents of labile organic matter,alkaline N, available P and K in soil. Smooth vetch had a better effect on increasing alkaline N content, while radish had better effects on increasing available P and K contents. Green manure application decreased soil bulk density and increased soil field capacity, total porosity, soil air permeability, water stable aggregate content and microbe diversity index. Green manure application also increased yield, average price and the percentage of superior leaves of flue-cured tobacco, and raised total N content in leaves and K content in middle and upper leaves. Therefore, green manure application plays a positive role in soil amelioration after land consolidation.
To investigate the effects of green manure [smooth vetch(Vicia villosa Roth var.) and radish(Raphanus sativus L.)] on soil amelioration after land consolidation, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the fertility, physical properties and microbe amount of soil in Sanming tobacco-planting area, Fujian Province. The results showed that green manure application increased the contents of labile organic matter,alkaline N, available P and K in soil. Smooth vetch had a better effect on increasing alkaline N content, while radish had better effects on increasing available P and K contents. Green manure application decreased soil bulk density and increased soil field capacity, total porosity, soil air permeability, water stable aggregate content and microbe diversity index. Green manure application also increased yield, average price and the percentage of superior leaves of flue-cured tobacco, and raised total N content in leaves and K content in middle and upper leaves. Therefore, green manure application plays a positive role in soil amelioration after land consolidation.
引文
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[22]YC/T 217—2007烟草及烟草制品钾的测定连续流动法[S].YC/T 217—2007 Tobacco and tobacco products—Determination of potassium—Continuous flow method[S].
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[29]邓小华,罗伟,周米良,等.绿肥在湘西烟田中的腐解和养分释放动态[J].烟草科技,2015,48(6):13-18.DENG Xiaohua,LUO Wei,ZHOU Miliang,et al.Dynamics of decomposition and nutrient release of green manures in tobacco fields in Xiangxi[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,48(6):13-18.
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[2]蒲元瀛,张光辉,仝景川,等.恩施州基本烟田土地整理建设模式研究与实践[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(6):1-6.PU Yuanying,ZHANG Guanghui,TONG Jingchuan,et al.Study and practice of land consolidation for fundamental tobacco fields in Enshi[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2012,33(6):1-6.
[3]许安定,周鑫斌,苏婷婷,等.土地整理对烟田土壤理化及生物学性状的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(3):156-164.XU Anding,ZHOU Xinbin,SU Tingting,et al.Effects of land consolidation on soil physical,chemical and biological properties on hilly land[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Sciences),2016,38(3):156-164.
[4]吴海勇,李跃平,田峰,等.土地整理对湘西烟田土壤养分的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2014(23):32-34.WU Haiyong,LI Yueping,TIAN Feng,et al.Effects of tobacco field consolidation on its soil nutrients in west Hunan[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2014(23):32-34.
[5]王瑷玲,赵庚星,王庆芳,等.丘陵区土地整理对土壤理化性状的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):311-315.WANG Ailing,ZHAO Gengxing,WANG Qingfang,et al.Effects of land consolidation on soil physical and chemical characteristics of hilly region[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(9):311-315.
[6]祁乐,高明,杨来淑,等.土地整理对岩溶区土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响——以重庆丰都县三坝乡为例[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(1):86-94.QI Le,GAO Ming,YANG Laishu,et al.The effect of land integration on soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activity in karst areas:An example of Sanba township,Fengdu County,Chongqing City[J].Carsologica Sinica,2015,34(1):86-94.
[7]赵炯平,邓小华,江智敏,等.不同绿肥翻压还土后植烟土壤主要养分动态变化[J].作物研究,2015,29(2):161-165.ZHAO Jiongping,DENG Xiaohua,JIANG Zhimin,et al.Dynamic changes of main nutrients in tobaccoplanting soil under different green manure application[J].Crop Research,2015,29(2):161-165.
[8]潘福霞,鲁剑巍,刘威,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1359-1364.PAN Fuxia,LU Jianwei,LIU Wei,et al.Effect of different green manure application on soil fertility[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2011,17(6):1359-1364.
[9]邓小华,石楠,周米良,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对植烟土壤理化性状的影响[J].烟草科技,2015,48(2):7-10,20.DENG Xiaohua,SHI Nan,ZHOU Miliang,et al.Effects of green manure on physical and chemical properties of tobacco planting soils[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,48(2):7-10,20.
[10]李正,刘国顺,敬海霞,等.翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):225-232.LI Zheng,LIU Guoshun,JING Haixia,et al.Effects of green manure application on the microbial biomass C and N contents and of the enzyme activity of tobaccoplanting soil[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(3):225-232.
[11]焦彬.中国绿肥[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.JIAO Bin.Chinese green manure[M].Beijing:Agricultural Press,1986.
[12]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.LIN Xiangui.Principles and methods of soil microbiology research[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO Shidan.Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[14]于荣,徐明岗,王伯仁.土壤活性有机质测定方法的比较[J].土壤肥料,2005(2):49-52.YU Rong,XU Minggang,WANG Boren.Study on methods for determining labile orange matter of soils[J].Soils and Fertilizers,2005(2):49-52.
[15]Lefroy R D B,Blair G J,Strong W M.Changes in soil organic matter with cropping as measured by organic carbon fractions and13C natural isotope abundance[J].Plant and Soil,1993,155/156(1):399-402.
[16]LY/T 1215—1999森林土壤水分物理性质的测定[S].LY/T 1215—1999 Determination of forest soil water—Physical properties[S].
[17]Cambardella C A,Elliott E T.Carbon and nitrogen distribution in aggregates from cultivated and native grassland soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1993,57(4):1071-1076.
[18]YC/T 159—2002烟草及烟草制品水溶性糖的测定连续流动法[S].YC/T 159—2002 Tobacco and tobacco products—Determination of water soluble sugars—Continuous flow method[S].
[19]YC/T 160—2002烟草及烟草制品总植物碱的测定连续流动法[S].YC/T 160—2002 Tobacco and tobacco products—Determination of total alkaloids—Continuous flow method[S].
[20]YC/T 161—2002烟草及烟草制品总氮的测定连续流动法[S].YC/T 161—2002 Tobacco and tobacco products—Determination of total nitrogen—Continuous flow method[S].
[21]YC/T 162—2011烟草及烟草制品氯的测定连续流动法[S].YC/T 162—2011 Tobacco and tobacco products—Determination of chloride—Continuous flow method[S].
[22]YC/T 217—2007烟草及烟草制品钾的测定连续流动法[S].YC/T 217—2007 Tobacco and tobacco products—Determination of potassium—Continuous flow method[S].
[23]张久权,苏以荣,黄一兰,等.农作物试验设计和统计分析值得注意的7个问题[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(6):98-103.ZHANG Jiuquan,SU Yirong,HUANG Yilan,et al.Seven problematic areas of design and statistical analysis in crop experiments[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2014,35(6):98-103.
[24]刘文利,吴景贵,傅民杰,等.种植年限对果园土壤团聚体分布与稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):129-135.LIU Wenli,WU Jinggui,FU Minjie,et al.Effect of different cultivation years on composition and stability of soil aggregate fractions in orchard[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.2014,28(1):129-135.
[25]杨超,刘国顺,邱立友,等.不同植烟土壤微生物数量调查研究[J].中国烟草科学,2007,28(5):31-36.YANG Chao,LIU Guoshun,QIU Liyou,et al.A primary investigation of microorganism population in different types of tobacco planting soils[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2007,28(5):31-36.
[26]黄平娜,秦道珠,龙怀玉,等.绿肥还田对烟田土壤培肥和烤烟产量品质的作用[J].土壤通报,2010,41(2):379-382.HUANG Pingna,QIN Daozhu,LONG Huaiyu,et al.Effect of green manure return to field on soil fertility of tobacco fields and the yield and quality of tobacco[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2010,41(2):379-382.
[27]陈正刚,崔宏浩,张钦,等.光叶苕子与化肥减量配施对土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2015,37(3):411-416,496.CHEN Zhenggang,CUI Honghao,ZHANG Qin,et al.Effects of burying Vicia villosa rothvar and chemical fertilizer reduction on soil fertility and corn yield[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2015,37(3):411-416,496.
[28]佀国涵,赵书军,王瑞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤物理及生物性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):905-912.SI Guohan,ZHAO Shujun,WANG Rui,et al.Effects of consecutive overturning of green manure on soil physical and biological characteristics in tobaccoplanting fields[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2014,20(4):905-912.
[29]邓小华,罗伟,周米良,等.绿肥在湘西烟田中的腐解和养分释放动态[J].烟草科技,2015,48(6):13-18.DENG Xiaohua,LUO Wei,ZHOU Miliang,et al.Dynamics of decomposition and nutrient release of green manures in tobacco fields in Xiangxi[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,48(6):13-18.
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