不同烟垄大小对‘翠碧一号’烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响
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摘要
为探索机械化起垄的烟垄大小标准,解决烤烟生产雇工难、成本高的问题,实现福建三明烟区‘翠碧一号’(CB-1)提质增效的目的,采用30、35、40 cm 3种烟垄高度进行大田对比试验,研究不同烟垄大小对‘翠碧一号’烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响,结果表明:(1)增大烟垄可有效延长烤烟烟株的大田生育期;(2)增大烟垄,烟株前期长势较慢,后期长势旺盛;(3)增大烟垄可有效降低烟株花叶病、青枯病发病率;(4)烟垄增大可明显提高烟叶产量,但烟垄过大会导致烟叶质量和经济收益下降;(5)适当增大烟垄可明显提高烤后烟叶化学成分含量的适宜程度,改善化学成分间的协调性,但烟垄过大会导致烟叶化学成分的适宜程度和协调性下降。因此,35 cm垄高是‘翠碧一号’烤烟生产的最佳烟垄大小标准,适合在福建三明烟区推广应用。
In order to investigate the tobacco ridge size standard of mechanization ridging, solve the problems of labor shortage and high cost, improve tobacco leaf quality and increase the output value of flue- curedtobacco production, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of tobacco ridge height on the growth,development, yield and quality of flue- cured tobacco variety‘Cuibi- 1'(CB- 1) in Sanming City, FujianProvince. The ridge height was set as 30, 35 and 40 cm. The results showed that:(1) with the increase oftobacco ridge size, the field growth stage was prolonged;(2) with the increase of tobacco ridge size, the tobaccoplant grew slowly at first, then had a vigorous growth;(3) with the increase of tobacco ridge size, the incidenceof tobacco mosaic disease and bacterial wilt was effectively reduced;(4) with the increase of tobacco ridge size,tobacco leaves yield increased significantly, but too large tobacco ridge size would lead to the decline of thequality and the output value of tobacco leaf;(5) proper increase of tobacco ridge size could obviously improvethe suitability degree of the chemical ingredients' content of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of thosechemical ingredients, but too large tobacco ridge size would lead to the decline of the suitability degree of theingredients and their coordination. Therefore, the tobacco ridge size of 35 cm was the best one for‘CB-1'flue-cured tobacco leaf production, the variety could be recommended and planted in Sanming tobacco leaf production area of Fujian Province.
In order to investigate the tobacco ridge size standard of mechanization ridging, solve the problems of labor shortage and high cost, improve tobacco leaf quality and increase the output value of flue- curedtobacco production, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of tobacco ridge height on the growth,development, yield and quality of flue- cured tobacco variety‘Cuibi- 1'(CB- 1) in Sanming City, FujianProvince. The ridge height was set as 30, 35 and 40 cm. The results showed that:(1) with the increase oftobacco ridge size, the field growth stage was prolonged;(2) with the increase of tobacco ridge size, the tobaccoplant grew slowly at first, then had a vigorous growth;(3) with the increase of tobacco ridge size, the incidenceof tobacco mosaic disease and bacterial wilt was effectively reduced;(4) with the increase of tobacco ridge size,tobacco leaves yield increased significantly, but too large tobacco ridge size would lead to the decline of thequality and the output value of tobacco leaf;(5) proper increase of tobacco ridge size could obviously improvethe suitability degree of the chemical ingredients' content of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of thosechemical ingredients, but too large tobacco ridge size would lead to the decline of the suitability degree of theingredients and their coordination. Therefore, the tobacco ridge size of 35 cm was the best one for‘CB-1'flue-cured tobacco leaf production, the variety could be recommended and planted in Sanming tobacco leaf production area of Fujian Province.
引文
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[17]胡裕阔,郑建辉,王雪仁.烤烟翠碧一号适宜移栽期研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(25):8532-8535
[18]李文卿,陈顺辉,柯玉琴,等.不同移栽期对烤烟生长发育及质量风格的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(4):48-54
[19]李文卿,陈顺辉,林晓路.不同覆膜移栽方式对烤烟生长发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(7):138-142
[20]王雪仁,黄一兰,姜占省,等.不同移栽深度对烤烟翠碧一号生长及抗逆性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(12):3504-3506
[21]张建忠,叶想青,李文卿,等.施氮量对翠碧1号生长发育及烟叶质量风格的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(5):63-67
[22]李文卿,陈顺辉,李春俭,等.不同施氮水平对翠碧1号烤烟产质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):142-146
[23]范雄,曹志强,雷捌金,等.烤烟优质丰产综合配套栽培技术研究[J].湖南农业科学,2012(21):29-33,34.
[24]舒照鹤,吴春发,赵安民.不同起垄高度对烤烟根系发育的影响[J].湖北烟草,2009(1):37-38.
[25]王娜,兰建强,王定伟,等.不同耕作深度对烤烟生长及产、质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(4):1737-1740.
[26]谭建,廖勇,周健云,等.不同起垄栽培方式对烤烟生长及效益的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(10):144-145,170.
[2]晁逢春,张福锁,杨宇虹,等.影响烟草根系发育的几个因素探讨[J].中国烟草科学,2003,24(2):5-8.
[3]蒋志宏,代远刚,周立新,等.不同培土措施对烤烟光合作用·不定根发育和根系多胺含量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(22):11189-11192,11212
[4]张惠林,朱列书.烟草根系研究现状[J].现代农业科技,2009(8):111-112.
[5]Collins W K,Hawks Jr S N.Principles of Flue-cured Tobacco Production[M].Raleigh,North Carolina:North Carolina State University,1993:23-98.
[6]侯加民,张忠锋,任明波,等.烤烟根系发育与烟叶产量质量关系的研究[J].中国烟草科学.2003,24(2):16-18.
[7]马新明,刘国顺,王小纯,等.烟草根系生长发育与地上部相关性的研究[J].中国烟草学报,2002,8(3):26-29.
[8]徐天养,赵正雄,李忠环,等.耕作深度对烤烟生长、养分吸收及产量、质量的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(7):1364-1368.
[9]石俊雄,王发鹏,王仕海.土壤耕层对烤烟根系发育、分布及烟株生长的影响[J].贵州烟草,2005(2):31-34.
[10]夏海乾,杜德强,冯焕华,等.不同起垄方式及覆膜对烤烟生长发育和产质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2007,35(6):74-76.
[11]朱海滨,杨应明,张晓龙,等.不同土壤类型养分垂直分布特征[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(5):55-60.
[12]李明德,刘琼峰,吴小丹,等.张家界不同植烟土壤类型剖面形态特征与养分分布特征[J].中国烟草科学,2012,3(3):7-12.
[13]李贻学,刘嘉芬,李新举,等.优质烟田土壤营养特征及根系特征分析[J].中国烟草科学,2000(1):20-22.
[14]唐莉娜,陈顺辉,林祖斌,等.福建烟区土壤主要养分特征及施肥对策[J].烟草科技,2008(1):56-60.
[15]熊德中,蔡海洋,罗光,等.福建烟区土壤主要物理化学性状的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(3):21-24.
[16]吴正举,刘淑欣,熊德中,等.福建烟区土壤特性及其与烟叶品质的关系[J].中国烟草学报,1996(1):49-53.
[17]胡裕阔,郑建辉,王雪仁.烤烟翠碧一号适宜移栽期研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(25):8532-8535
[18]李文卿,陈顺辉,柯玉琴,等.不同移栽期对烤烟生长发育及质量风格的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(4):48-54
[19]李文卿,陈顺辉,林晓路.不同覆膜移栽方式对烤烟生长发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(7):138-142
[20]王雪仁,黄一兰,姜占省,等.不同移栽深度对烤烟翠碧一号生长及抗逆性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(12):3504-3506
[21]张建忠,叶想青,李文卿,等.施氮量对翠碧1号生长发育及烟叶质量风格的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(5):63-67
[22]李文卿,陈顺辉,李春俭,等.不同施氮水平对翠碧1号烤烟产质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):142-146
[23]范雄,曹志强,雷捌金,等.烤烟优质丰产综合配套栽培技术研究[J].湖南农业科学,2012(21):29-33,34.
[24]舒照鹤,吴春发,赵安民.不同起垄高度对烤烟根系发育的影响[J].湖北烟草,2009(1):37-38.
[25]王娜,兰建强,王定伟,等.不同耕作深度对烤烟生长及产、质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(4):1737-1740.
[26]谭建,廖勇,周健云,等.不同起垄栽培方式对烤烟生长及效益的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(10):144-145,170.