家庭资本禀赋与劳动力外流对牧民养殖技术需求的影响——基于西藏885户肉羊养殖户的入户调查
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摘要
为探究家庭禀赋与外出务工因素对牧民养殖技术需求的影响,依据西藏那曲地区和日喀则市885份入户调查数据,利用有序Logit模型方法,对牧民养殖技术需求现状及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:牧民技术需求整体偏低,副产品粗加工技术需求稍高。家庭收入水平越高、肉羊养殖收入比重越大、与村民家相处越好、外出务工人次越多、养殖技术认知越高的牧民家庭对肉羊养殖技术需求越高,而是否信仰宗教与养殖技术需求不显著。因而副产品粗加工技术应成为政府技术推广的切入点,拓展务工渠道、加强养殖技术宣传与培训、规范草地流转促进适度规模经营可以在提高肉羊养殖效率的同时促进草原畜牧业可持续发展。
To explore the influence of herdsmen's family endowment and migrant on the breeding technological demand,the present situation and the influencing factors was analyzed by using the order Logit model based on the survey data of 885 sheep farmers in Naqu and Rikaze in Tibet.The study showed that herdsmen's technical demand was lower,when the roughing technology of co-product was relatively higher.The family income,the proportion of the sheep breeding income,the relationship with villagers,the number of migration and the technology cognition had significant positive effect on breeding technology demand.However,religious faith had no effect on breeding technology.Therefore,the roughing technology of co-product should be a focus in government technology extension.In the meantime,expanding the migration channels,strengthening the publicity and training of breeding technology,regulating the grassland circulation to promote moderate scale operation would promote the grassland sustainable development while improving the efficiency of sheep farming.
To explore the influence of herdsmen's family endowment and migrant on the breeding technological demand,the present situation and the influencing factors was analyzed by using the order Logit model based on the survey data of 885 sheep farmers in Naqu and Rikaze in Tibet.The study showed that herdsmen's technical demand was lower,when the roughing technology of co-product was relatively higher.The family income,the proportion of the sheep breeding income,the relationship with villagers,the number of migration and the technology cognition had significant positive effect on breeding technology demand.However,religious faith had no effect on breeding technology.Therefore,the roughing technology of co-product should be a focus in government technology extension.In the meantime,expanding the migration channels,strengthening the publicity and training of breeding technology,regulating the grassland circulation to promote moderate scale operation would promote the grassland sustainable development while improving the efficiency of sheep farming.
引文
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该部分数据根据2016年西藏自治区统计年鉴整理而得。
[2]盖庆恩,朱喜,史清华.劳动力转移对中国农业生产的影响[J].经济学(季刊),2014,13(3):1147-1170Gai Q N,Zhu X,Shi Q H.Labor’s migration and Chinese agricultural production[J].China Economic Quarterly,2014,13(3):1147-1170(in Chinese)
[3]Wozniak G D.Joint information acquisition and new technology adoption:Late versus early adoption[J].The Review of Economics and Statistics,1993,75(3):438-445
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[5]宋金田,祁春节.农户农业技术需求影响因素分析:基于契约视角[J].中国农村观察,2013(6):52-59Song J T,Qi C J.An analysis on factors influencing farmer’s demand for agriculture technology:Based on contract theory[J].China Rural Survey,2013(6):52-59(in Chinese)
[6]朱萌,齐振宏,邬兰娅,李欣蕊,唐素云.新型农业经营主体农业技术需求影响因素的实证分析:以江苏省南部395户种稻大户为例[J].中国农村观察,2015(1):30-38Zhu M,Qi Z H,Wu L Y,Li X R,Tang S Y.Empirical analysis on factors of new agriculral business entities’agricultural technology need:Taking 395scaled rice farmers in southern Jiangsu Province as example[J].China Rural Survey,2015(1):30-38(in Chinese)
[7]陆军.畜牧业技术支撑体系作用不可替代[N].中国畜牧兽医报,2010-01-24(1)Lu J.The technical support system of animal husbandry is irreplaceable[N].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Newspape,2010-01-24(1)(in Chinese)
[8]石晶,肖海峰.养殖户畜牧养殖技术需求及其影响因素研究:基于绒毛用羊养殖户问卷调查数据的分析[J].农村经济,2014(3):6-60Shi J,Xiao H F.Research on the technological demand of livestock farming and its influencing factors:Based on the questionnaire survey data of sheep farmers[J].Rural Economy,2014(3):56-60(in Chinese)
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[12]展进涛,陈超.劳动力转移对农户农业技术选择的影响:基于全国农户微观数据的分析[J].中国农村经济,2009(3):75-84Zhan J T,Chen C.The influence of labor transfer on farmer’s agricultural technology selection:Based on the microdata of national farmers[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2009(3):75-84(in Chinese)
[13]周建华,杨海余,贺正楚.资源节约型与环境友好型技术的农户采纳限定因素分析[J].中国农村观察,2012(2):37-43Zhou J H,Yang H Y,He Z C.The finite factor analyses of the farmers’adoption of resource-saving and environment-friendly technologies[J].China Rural Survey,2012(2):37-43(in Chinese)
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[17]王浩,刘芳.农户对不同属性技术的需求及其影响因素分析:基于广东省油茶种植业的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2012(1):53-64Wang H,Liu F.The empirical analysis about the demand of different technology and its influencing factors based on the oil tea farming in Guangdong Province[J].China Rural Survey,2012(1):53-64(in Chinese)
[18]张蕾.牧民畜牧业技术需求状况与获取渠道分析:以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟为例[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(16):17-22Zhang L.The analysis about the technical demand condition of herdsmen’s livestock husbandry and the acquisition channel taking the Xilingol of Inner Mongolia as an example[J].China Journal of Animal Sciences,2011,49(4):17-22(in Chinese)
[19]思罗斯比·戴维,潘飞.什么是文化资本?[J].马克思主义与现实,2004(1):50-55Throsby D,Pan F.What is the cultural capital[J].Marxism&Reality,2004(1):50-55(in Chinese)
[20]秦军.影响农户选择农药使用技术的因素分析[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(4):6-9Qin J.Analysis of influential factors in utilizing pesticides by peasant households[J].Journal of NHenan Agricutural Sciences,2011,40(4):6-9(in Chinese)
[21]杨传喜,张俊飚,徐卫涛.农户技术需求的优先序及影响因素分析:以河南、山东等食用菌主产区种植户为例[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2011,11(1):41-47Yang C X,Zhang J B,Xu W T.Analysis of the priority and influencing factors of farmer’s demand for technology:An empirical study on mushroom growers’in Henan and Shangdong provinces[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Social Science Edition,2011,11(1):41-47(in Chinese)
[22]邢小强,薛飞.基于实物期权的新技术项目风险管理研究[J].科学管理研究,2010,28(5):98-101Xing X Q,Xue F.Management of new technology investment risks based on real options approach[J].Scientific Management Research,2010,28(5):98-101(in Chinese)
[23]科尔曼·詹姆斯.社会理论的基础[M].邓方译.北京:中国科学文献出版社,1992Coleman J.Foundation of Social Theory[M].Deng F translated.Beijing:China Sciences Academic Press,1992(in Chinese)
[24]汪红梅.社会资本变迁:我国农业技术扩散的新视角[J].农村经济,2011(4):102-104Wang H M.The change of social capital:The new angle of the diffusion of agricultural technology in China[J].Rural Economy,2011(4):102-104(in Chinese)
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该部分数据根据2016年西藏自治区统计年鉴整理而得。