包头市九峰山蝴蝶群落多样性
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摘要
为探明包头市九峰山蝴蝶种类多样性,在该地区设置枣沟收费站(Ⅰ)、南沟门(Ⅱ)、灵应寺(Ⅲ)、枣沟公路33 km(Ⅳ)、九峰山景区(Ⅴ)5条样线进行调查。结果表明:包头市九峰山地区有蝴蝶37种,隶属于4科34属,其中包括内蒙古蝴蝶新纪录2种,大卫新灰蝶(Neolycaena davidi)和波珠弄蝶(Erynnis popoviana);蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)的属数和物种数最丰富,为16属19种,是九峰山的优势类群;弄蝶科(Hesperiidae)的属数和种数最少,为4属4种,是九峰山的稀有类群;蛱蝶科的多样性指数和均匀度指数最高,分别为4.8803和0.8517;粉蝶科(Pieridae)的多样性指数和均匀度指数最低,分别为1.0544和0.2942,而其优势度指数最高,为0.8784;5条样线的蝴蝶多样性显示,灵应寺(Ⅲ)具有最高的科级(1.1052)、属级(2.2656)和种级多样性指数(2.2951);九峰山地区蝴蝶的物种数(25种)、多样性指数(2.3476)和物种丰富度指数(4.0297)在7月达到最高值;该地区的区系成分以古北界成分为主,计27种(72.97%),广布种10种(27.03%),无东洋种。
The species diversity of butterfly in Jiufeng Mountain of Baotou was examined based on the investigation in five transect lines:( Ⅰ) Zaogou Toll gate,( Ⅱ) Nangou Gate,( Ⅲ) Lingying Temple,( Ⅳ) Zaogou Road 33 km,( Ⅴ) Jiufeng scenic area. For all the individuals of butterfly collected,there were 37 species belonging to four families and 34 genera. Among them,Neolycaena davidi and Erynnis popoviana were first recorded in Inner Mongolia. In terms of the richness of genera and species,Nymphalidae was the dominant family,with the highest genus richness( 16) and species richness( 19). Hesperiidae was the rare family,with the lowest genus richness( 4) and species richness( 4). Nymphalidae had the highest diversity index( 4.8803)and evenness index( 0.8517) and Pieridae had the highest dominance index( 0. 8784),while Pieridae had the lowest diversity index( 1.0544) and evenness index( 0.2942). Among different transect lines,Lingying Temple( Ⅲ) had the highest indices of family diversity( 1. 1052),genus diversity( 2. 2656) and species diversity( 2. 2951). With the seasonal change,species number( 25),diversity index( 2.3476) and species richness( 4.0297) peaked in July. Among the 37 species,27 were Palearctic species,accounting for 72.97% of the total species; 10 were widely distributed species,responsible for 27. 03% of the total species and none was Oriental species,suggesting that the butterfly fauna was mainly Palearctic in the area.
The species diversity of butterfly in Jiufeng Mountain of Baotou was examined based on the investigation in five transect lines:( Ⅰ) Zaogou Toll gate,( Ⅱ) Nangou Gate,( Ⅲ) Lingying Temple,( Ⅳ) Zaogou Road 33 km,( Ⅴ) Jiufeng scenic area. For all the individuals of butterfly collected,there were 37 species belonging to four families and 34 genera. Among them,Neolycaena davidi and Erynnis popoviana were first recorded in Inner Mongolia. In terms of the richness of genera and species,Nymphalidae was the dominant family,with the highest genus richness( 16) and species richness( 19). Hesperiidae was the rare family,with the lowest genus richness( 4) and species richness( 4). Nymphalidae had the highest diversity index( 4.8803)and evenness index( 0.8517) and Pieridae had the highest dominance index( 0. 8784),while Pieridae had the lowest diversity index( 1.0544) and evenness index( 0.2942). Among different transect lines,Lingying Temple( Ⅲ) had the highest indices of family diversity( 1. 1052),genus diversity( 2. 2656) and species diversity( 2. 2951). With the seasonal change,species number( 25),diversity index( 2.3476) and species richness( 4.0297) peaked in July. Among the 37 species,27 were Palearctic species,accounting for 72.97% of the total species; 10 were widely distributed species,responsible for 27. 03% of the total species and none was Oriental species,suggesting that the butterfly fauna was mainly Palearctic in the area.
引文
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王义平,吴鸿,徐华潮.2008.浙江重点生态地区蝶类生物多样性及其森林生态系统健康评价.生态学报,28(11):5259-5269.
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武春生,徐堉峰.2017.中国蝴蝶图鉴.福州:海峡书局出版社.
杨大荣.1998.西双版纳片段热带雨林蝶类群落结构与多样性研究.昆虫学报,41(1):48-55.
于晓东,罗天宏,周红章.2004.横断山区东部四种林型地表甲虫的物种多样性.动物学研究,25(1):7-14.
赵国钦,张文广.1989.内蒙古九峰山地区的鸟类区系.四川动物,8(1):21-23.
周尧.1999.中国蝶类志(第二版).郑州:河南科学技术出版社.
周光益,顾茂彬,龚粤宁,等.2016.南岭国家级自然保护区蝴蝶多样性与区系研究.环境昆虫学报,38(5):971-978.
左自途,袁兴中,刘红,等.2008.重庆市主城区不同生境类型的蝴蝶多样性.生态学杂志,27(6):946-950.
Hamer KC,Hill JK,Lace LA,et al.1997.Ecological and biogeographical effects of forest disturbance on tropical butterflies of Sumba,Indonesia.Journal of Biogeography,24:67-75.
Kitahara M,Sei K,2001.A comparison of the diversity and structure of butterfly communities in seminatural and human-modified grassland habitats at the foot of Mt.Fuji,central Japan.Biodiversity and Conservation,10:331-351.
戈昕宇,滕悦,洪雪萌,等.2017.赛罕乌拉国家自然保护区蝶类调查及区系分析.内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,48(5):557-569.
李利平.1993.九峰山地区的生物资源及其保护.资源开发与保护,9(4):275-277.
李麒麟,林炽贤,符芳义.2016.三亚市蝴蝶多样性调查.生态学杂志,35(12):3360-3363.
刘桂林,庞虹,周昌清,等.2004.东莞莲花山自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性研究.应用生态学报,15(4):571-574.
马雄,马怀义,马正学,等.2017.甘肃尕海-则岔自然保护区蝶类群落及其区系.草业科学,34(2):389-395.
马克平.1994.生物群落多样性的测度方法.I:α多样性的测度方法(下).生物多样性,2(4):231-239.
孟焕文,伊卫东,李莉,等.2001.内蒙古蝶类资源调查.内蒙古科技与经济,(4):42-45.
能乃扎布.1999.内蒙古昆虫.呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社.
尚素琴,张红勇,田赋斌,等.2017.甘肃省兴隆山国家级自然保护区蝶类区系组成与多样性.草业科学,34(6):1314-1322.
王敏,黄国华,范骁凌,等.2003.石门台自然保护区蝴蝶物种多样性研究.生物多样性,11(6):441-453.
王义平,吴鸿,徐华潮.2008.浙江重点生态地区蝶类生物多样性及其森林生态系统健康评价.生态学报,28(11):5259-5269.
翁锦泅,吕文龙,胡诗佳,等.2017.广东古田自然保护区蝶类群落多样性.生态学杂志,36(1):132-136.
武春生,徐堉峰.2017.中国蝴蝶图鉴.福州:海峡书局出版社.
杨大荣.1998.西双版纳片段热带雨林蝶类群落结构与多样性研究.昆虫学报,41(1):48-55.
于晓东,罗天宏,周红章.2004.横断山区东部四种林型地表甲虫的物种多样性.动物学研究,25(1):7-14.
赵国钦,张文广.1989.内蒙古九峰山地区的鸟类区系.四川动物,8(1):21-23.
周尧.1999.中国蝶类志(第二版).郑州:河南科学技术出版社.
周光益,顾茂彬,龚粤宁,等.2016.南岭国家级自然保护区蝴蝶多样性与区系研究.环境昆虫学报,38(5):971-978.
左自途,袁兴中,刘红,等.2008.重庆市主城区不同生境类型的蝴蝶多样性.生态学杂志,27(6):946-950.
Hamer KC,Hill JK,Lace LA,et al.1997.Ecological and biogeographical effects of forest disturbance on tropical butterflies of Sumba,Indonesia.Journal of Biogeography,24:67-75.
Kitahara M,Sei K,2001.A comparison of the diversity and structure of butterfly communities in seminatural and human-modified grassland habitats at the foot of Mt.Fuji,central Japan.Biodiversity and Conservation,10:331-351.