内蒙古乌拉山地区蝴蝶群落多样性分析
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摘要
本研究对乌拉山地区蝴蝶的多样性进行了调查.该地区蝴蝶计有32种,隶属于5科28属.粉蝶科(Pieridae)蝴蝶个体数量最多,占该地区蝴蝶总数41.82%.多样性Shannon-Wiener指数顺序:灰蝶科(Lycaenidae)>眼蝶科(Satyridae)>弄蝶科(Hesperiidae)>蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)>粉蝶科(Pieridae);均匀度Pielou指数顺序:弄蝶科(Hesperiidae)>灰蝶科(Lycaenidae)>眼蝶科(Satyridae)>蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)>粉蝶科(Pieridae);优势度Simpson指数顺序:粉蝶科(Pieridae)>蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)>弄蝶科(Hesperiidae)>眼蝶科(Satyridae)>灰蝶科(Lycaenidae).对不同生境蝴蝶群落多样性特征分析显示,导致蝴蝶多样性减少的主要原因是放牧和环境恶化.研究结果与包头九峰山蝴蝶多样性比较发现,蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)在九峰山观测到16属,而在乌拉山观测到8属,说明蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)更适应低海拔的环境生存.
The diversity of butterflies in Mt.Wulashan was investigated in this paper.There are 32 species belonging to 28 genera and 5 families in the WuLa Mountain region.Among them,Pieridae have the largest number of individuals,occupying 41.82% of the total number of butterflies in the area.The diversity analysis results show that Shannon-wiener index is:Lycaenidae>Satyridae>Hesperiidae>Nymphalidae>Pieridae;The Pielou index is:Hesperiidae>Lycaenidae>Satyridae>Nymphalidae>Pieridae;The Simpson index(D) is:Pieridae>Nymphalidae>Hesperiidae>Satyridae>Lycaenidae.According to the diversity characteristics of butterfly communities in different habitats,and the main reasons for the recluction of butterfly diversity were grazing and environmental degradation.Compared with the diversity of butterflies in Jiufeng Mountian,it showned that 16 genera of Nymphalidae were observed in Jiufeng Mountian,and 8 genera of Nymphalidae were observed in WuLa Mountain region.It is indicated that Nymphalidae is more adaptable than low altitude environment.
The diversity of butterflies in Mt.Wulashan was investigated in this paper.There are 32 species belonging to 28 genera and 5 families in the WuLa Mountain region.Among them,Pieridae have the largest number of individuals,occupying 41.82% of the total number of butterflies in the area.The diversity analysis results show that Shannon-wiener index is:Lycaenidae>Satyridae>Hesperiidae>Nymphalidae>Pieridae;The Pielou index is:Hesperiidae>Lycaenidae>Satyridae>Nymphalidae>Pieridae;The Simpson index(D) is:Pieridae>Nymphalidae>Hesperiidae>Satyridae>Lycaenidae.According to the diversity characteristics of butterfly communities in different habitats,and the main reasons for the recluction of butterfly diversity were grazing and environmental degradation.Compared with the diversity of butterflies in Jiufeng Mountian,it showned that 16 genera of Nymphalidae were observed in Jiufeng Mountian,and 8 genera of Nymphalidae were observed in WuLa Mountain region.It is indicated that Nymphalidae is more adaptable than low altitude environment.
引文
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[4]李麒麟,林炽贤,符芳义.三亚市蝴蝶多样性调查[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3360-3363.
[5]蔡睿,裴洪淑.延吉市不同类型绿地蝶类物种组成与多样性研究[J].绿色科技,2017(10):142-145.
[6]贾平凡,周中艳,韦光辉,等.贵州安顺龙宫地区蝴蝶种类分布及多样性初步调查[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(7):65-69.
[7]白桂芬,徐振军,郭成,等.内蒙古黑里河自然保护区蝴蝶种类初报[J].四川动物,2007(3):595-596.
[8]戈昕宇,滕悦,洪雪萌,等.赛罕乌拉国家自然保护区蝶类调查及区系分析[J].内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,2017,48(5):557-569.
[9]王旭娜,钱宏革,白晓拴.包头市九峰山蝴蝶群落多样性[J].生态学杂志:2018,37(7):2040-2044.
[10]樊永军,闫伟.乌拉山国家森林公园大型真菌区系地理成分[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(3):139-140,147.
[11]中华人民共和国环境保护部.中华人民共和国国家环境保护标准:HJ 710.9-2014[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014:1-4,9-10.
[12]周尧.中国蝶类志(第二版)[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1999.
[13]武春生,徐堉峰.中国蝴蝶图鉴[M].福州:海峡书局出版社,2017.
[14]沈蕊,张建利,何彪,等.元江流域干热河谷草地植物群落结构特征与相似性分析[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(12):2821-2825.
[15]孟焕文,伊卫东,李莉,等.内蒙古蝶类资源调查[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2001(4):42-45.
[16]蒲正宇,史军义,姚俊,等.保护行动规划在蝶类多样性保护上的应用-以金殿国家森林公园蝶类多样性保护为例[J].山东林业科技,2013,43(1):95-99.
[17]吴卫明,陈满秀.舜皇山国家森林公园蝶类资源的保护和利用[J].湖南科技学院学报,2008,29(4):66-67.