关键层序界面识别及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的意义——以惠州凹陷珠江组为例
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摘要
砂体上倾尖灭油气藏是隐蔽圈闭勘探的重要目标,三角洲前缘砂体形成的砂体上倾尖灭圈闭是重要类型之一。在以三角洲前缘沉积为主构成的三级层序内,高精度层序地层格架的建立以及层序构成分析对于认识砂体上倾尖灭油气藏分布规律及其油气勘探具有重要意义。在珠江口盆地惠州地区针对珠江组以不同尺度的水进界面为界建立了由四级层序构成的高频层序地层格架,其中高频层序界面主要有2种成因类型,即沉积作用转换面和次一级海泛面。三级层序的不同体系域内四级层序的构成特征不同,海侵体系域内的四级层序发育了完整的水退-水进旋回,而发育在高位体系域内的四级层序多由水退半旋回组成。其中三级层序界面和四级层序转换面均控制着砂体的形成与分布,而最大水进面和次一级水进面控制着顶底板或泥质隔层的形成与分布,其构成了"顶板-储集层-底板"的典型"三明治"结构,纵向上相互叠置,形成了砂体上倾尖灭圈闭油气勘探的多套储盖组合,同时也控制着岩性油气藏的平面分布。
Sandbody updip pinch-out reservoir is an important target for subtle traps exploration,among which sandbody updip pinch-out trap formed in delta front sandbodies is one of the most important types. In the third-order sequences mainly constituted by delta front sediments,the identification of high-resolution sequence stratigraphicinterfaces and the analysis of sequence composition play key roles in understanding the distribution of sandbody updip pinch-out reservoirs and their hydrocarbon exploration. A high-frequency sequence stratigraphic framework consisting of fourth-order sequence was established for Zhujiang Formation in Huizhou area,the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The high-frequency sequence surfaces include two types,which are sedimentary transition surface and secondary flooding surface. The compositional characteristics of the fourth-order sequence are different in different system tracts of the third-order sequence. The fourth-order sequence developed in the transgression system tract consists of complete progradation and retrogradation cycle,while the fourth-order sequence developed in the highstand system tract mostly consists of progradation half-cycle. The formation and distribution of the sandbodies are controlled by the third-order sequence surface and the fourth-order sequence transition surface,and the formation and distribution of the mud layer are controlled by the maximum water flooding surface and the sub-level water flooding surface. The typical"sandwich"structure is composed of top layer,reservoir and floor layer,which overlap vertically. It forms multiple sets of reservoir-seal assemblage for sandbody updip pinch-out cap oil and gas exploration,also controls the planar distribution of lithologic reservoirs.
Sandbody updip pinch-out reservoir is an important target for subtle traps exploration,among which sandbody updip pinch-out trap formed in delta front sandbodies is one of the most important types. In the third-order sequences mainly constituted by delta front sediments,the identification of high-resolution sequence stratigraphicinterfaces and the analysis of sequence composition play key roles in understanding the distribution of sandbody updip pinch-out reservoirs and their hydrocarbon exploration. A high-frequency sequence stratigraphic framework consisting of fourth-order sequence was established for Zhujiang Formation in Huizhou area,the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The high-frequency sequence surfaces include two types,which are sedimentary transition surface and secondary flooding surface. The compositional characteristics of the fourth-order sequence are different in different system tracts of the third-order sequence. The fourth-order sequence developed in the transgression system tract consists of complete progradation and retrogradation cycle,while the fourth-order sequence developed in the highstand system tract mostly consists of progradation half-cycle. The formation and distribution of the sandbodies are controlled by the third-order sequence surface and the fourth-order sequence transition surface,and the formation and distribution of the mud layer are controlled by the maximum water flooding surface and the sub-level water flooding surface. The typical"sandwich"structure is composed of top layer,reservoir and floor layer,which overlap vertically. It forms multiple sets of reservoir-seal assemblage for sandbody updip pinch-out cap oil and gas exploration,also controls the planar distribution of lithologic reservoirs.
引文
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[15]武爱俊,徐建永,滕彬彬,等.“动态物源”精细刻画方法与应用:以琼东南盆地崖南凹陷为例.岩性油气藏,2017,29(4):55-63.WU A J,XU J Y,TENG B B,et al.Fine description method of dynamic provenance and its application:a case from Yanan Sag,Qiongdongnan Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(4):55-63.
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[20]崔莎莎,何家雄,陈胜红,等.珠江口盆地发育演化特征及其油气成藏地质条件.天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):384-391.CUI S S,HE J X,CHEN S H,et al.Development characteristics of Pearl River Mouth Basin and its geological conditions for oil and gas accumulation.Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):384-391.
[21]蔡周荣,刘维亮,万志峰,等.南海北部新生代构造运动厘定及与油气成藏关系探讨.海洋通报,2010,29(2):161-165CAI Z R,LIU W L,WAN Z F,et al.Determination of Cenozoic tectonic movement in the northern South China Sea and the relationship between oil-gas and tectonic movement.Marine Science Bulletin,2010,29(2):161-165.
[22]刘安,吴世敏,程卫华.珠江口盆地东沙隆起的沉降史及其动力机制.海洋学报,2011,33(6):117-124.LIU A,WU S M,CHENG W H.Tectonic subsidence history and dynamic mechanism of the Dongsha rise in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Journal of Marine,2011,33(6):117-124.
[23]林畅松,张燕梅,刘景彦,等.高精度层序地层学和储层预测.地学前缘,2000,7(3):111-117.LIN C S,ZHANG Y M,LIU J Y,et al.High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and reservoir prediction.Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):111-117.
[2]贾承造.中国石油勘探的新成果及新领域展望.世界石油工业,2003,10(3):20-25.JIA C C.Outlook of PetroChina’s new results and new fields.World Petroleum Industry,2003,10(3):20-25.
[3]赵文智,窦立荣.中国陆上剩余油气资源潜力及其分布和勘探对策.石油勘探与开发,2001,28(1):1-5.ZHAO W Z,DOU L R.Potential,distribution and exploration strategy of petroleum resources remained onshore China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2001,28(1):1-5.
[4]李丕龙,金之钧,张善文,等.济阳坳陷油气勘探现状及主要研究进展.石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):1-4.LI P L,JIN Z J,ZHANG S W,et al.The present research status and progress of petroleum exploration in the Jiyang Depression.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(3):1-4.
[5]杜家元,陈维涛,张昌民.珠江口盆地新近系地层岩性圈闭形成条件与发育规律分析.石油实验地质,2014,36(5):555-561.DU J Y,CHEN W T,ZHANG C M.Formation conditions and development features of Neogene stratigraphic-lithologic traps in Pearl River Mouth Basin.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(5):555-561.
[6]张江华,林承焰.地震地质精细预测技术在岩性油气藏勘探的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(2):206-212.ZHANG J H,LIN C Y.Using well and seismic multi-scale information integration to predict shallow lithology gas reservoir in mature oilfield.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(2):206-212.
[7]田鑫,王绪本,郭维华,等.Jabung区块层序地层格架及岩性油气藏勘探潜力.岩性油气藏,2017,29(2):99-106.TIAN X,WANG X B,GUO W H,et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework and lithologic reservoir potential in Jabung block.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(2):99-106.
[8]金凤鸣,崔周旗,王权,等.冀中坳陷地层岩性油气藏分布特征与主控因素.岩性油气藏,2017,29(2):19-27.JIN F M,CUI Z Q,WANG Q,et al.Distribution characteristics and main controlling factors of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs in Jizhong Depression.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(2):19-27.
[9]赵贤正,王权,淡伟宁,等.二连盆地白垩系地层岩性油藏的勘探发现及前景.岩性油气藏,2017,29(2):1-9.ZHAO X Z,WANG Q,DAN W N,et al.Exploration discovery and prospects of Cretaceous stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs in Erlian Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(2):1-9.
[10]王俊怀,吴俊军,尹昌霞,等.准噶尔盆地东部阜东斜坡区侏罗系岩性圈闭识别.岩性油气藏,2013,25(6):62-66.WANG J H,WU J J,YIN C X,et al.Identification of Jurassic lithologic traps in Fudong slope area,eastern Junggar Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(6):62-66.
[11]王芝尧,苏俊青,钱茂路,等.断块区岩相古地理对岩性油气藏形成的影响.岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):1-6.WANG Z Y,SU J Q,QIAN M L,et al.Effect of petrofacies and paleogeography on lithologic reservoir forming in fault block region:an example from Binhai slope region in Qikou Sag.Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(1):1-6.
[12]郭永强,刘洛夫.辽河西部凹陷沙三段岩性油气藏主控因素研究.岩性油气藏,2009,21(2):19-23.GUO Y Q,LIU L F.Controlling factors of lithologic reservoirs of Sha 3 member in West Sag of Liaohe Depression.Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(2):19-23.
[13]王威,李臻,田敏,等.岩性-地层油气藏勘探方法技术研究现状及进展.岩性油气藏,2009,21(2):121-125.WANG W,LI Z,TIAN M,et al.Current status and progress of exploration technology for lithologic-stratigraphic reservoirs in China.Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(2):121-125.
[14]杨应,杨巍,朱仕军.基于EEMD的高分辨率层序地层划分方法.岩性油气藏,2018,30(5):59-67.YANG Y,YANG W,ZHU S J.Method for high-resolution sequence stratigraphy division based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition.Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(5):59-67.
[15]武爱俊,徐建永,滕彬彬,等.“动态物源”精细刻画方法与应用:以琼东南盆地崖南凹陷为例.岩性油气藏,2017,29(4):55-63.WU A J,XU J Y,TENG B B,et al.Fine description method of dynamic provenance and its application:a case from Yanan Sag,Qiongdongnan Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(4):55-63.
[16]黄维,汪品先.渐新世以来的南海沉积量及其分布.中国科学:D辑地球科学,2006,36(9):822-829.HUANG W,WANG P X.The distribution and sedimentary flux in South China Sea since the Oligocene.Science in China:Series D Earth Sciences,2006,36(9):822-829.
[17]秦国权.珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层划分和海平面变化.中国海上油气(地质),2002,16(1):1-10.QIN G Q.Late Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy and sea-level changes in Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea.China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),2002,16(1):1-10.
[18]陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件.北京:科学出版社,2003:1-30.CHEN C M,SHI H S,XU S C,et al.Tertiary hydrocarbon accumulation condition in Pearl River Mouth Basin.Beijing:Science Press,2003:1-30.
[19]施和生,何敏,张丽丽,等.珠江口盆地(东部)油气地质特征、成藏规律及下一步勘探策略.中国海上油气,2014,26(3):11-22.SHI H S,HE M,ZHANG L L,et al.Hydrocarbon geology,accumulation pattern and the next exploration strategy in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(3):11-22.
[20]崔莎莎,何家雄,陈胜红,等.珠江口盆地发育演化特征及其油气成藏地质条件.天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):384-391.CUI S S,HE J X,CHEN S H,et al.Development characteristics of Pearl River Mouth Basin and its geological conditions for oil and gas accumulation.Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):384-391.
[21]蔡周荣,刘维亮,万志峰,等.南海北部新生代构造运动厘定及与油气成藏关系探讨.海洋通报,2010,29(2):161-165CAI Z R,LIU W L,WAN Z F,et al.Determination of Cenozoic tectonic movement in the northern South China Sea and the relationship between oil-gas and tectonic movement.Marine Science Bulletin,2010,29(2):161-165.
[22]刘安,吴世敏,程卫华.珠江口盆地东沙隆起的沉降史及其动力机制.海洋学报,2011,33(6):117-124.LIU A,WU S M,CHENG W H.Tectonic subsidence history and dynamic mechanism of the Dongsha rise in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Journal of Marine,2011,33(6):117-124.
[23]林畅松,张燕梅,刘景彦,等.高精度层序地层学和储层预测.地学前缘,2000,7(3):111-117.LIN C S,ZHANG Y M,LIU J Y,et al.High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and reservoir prediction.Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):111-117.