桉树人工林抚育间伐调控技术研究
|
摘要
为优化人工林空间结构提供新方法,精准提升人工林森林质量,在雷州半岛选取1～5年生短轮伐期桉树纸浆用材林,分析不同林龄的桉树人工林的林分空间结构特征。结合大小比数、角尺度、开敞度、竞争指数和材积等5个子目标提出评价指数,并以Monte Carlo法建立林分间伐模型,得出最佳采伐方案,从而能精确定位采伐木。结果表明:1)桉树人工林各林龄中Normal分布拟合直径分布的效果最佳,Weibull和Logistic分布次之;2)1～5年生的桉树人工林大小比数均接近0.5,林木大小差异不明显,林分角尺度均<0.475,林木呈均匀分布;3)林木总体承受的竞争压力较小,其中1年生林木生长空间充足,2年生林木生长空间基本充足,3～5年生林木生长空间表现为不足或严重不足;4)以3和5年生桉树人工林样地为例,通过林分间伐模型确定最佳采伐方案,采伐木株数小于总株数的25%,伐后各项结构参数都得到了优化,增强了林分空间结构的稳定性。
In order to provide a new method for optimizing the spatial structure of Eucalyptus plantations and improve the quality of arti?cial forests accurately, one-year-old to ?ve-year-old Eucalyptus pulpwood forests in short rotation period in Leizhou Peninsula were selected and investigated, the spatial structure characteristics of the plantations at different stand ages were analyzed. The evaluation index was put forward by evaluating comprehensively on the ?ve sub-goals such as neighborhood comparison, uniform angle index,open degree of stand, competition index and volume, and the thinning model for the stand was established by the Monte Carlo method,?nally the model of forest thinning was established by using Monte Carlo method, and the best harvesting plan was obtained, so that the harvested trees can be accurately located. The results show that 1) Among Eucalyptus plantations with different forest ages, the effect of normal distribution ?tted the diameter distribution was the best, followed by Weibull and Logistic distribution in order. 2) The size ratio of 1-year-old ～ 5-year-old Eucalyptus plantations was close to 0.5, there was no signi?cant difference in the size of trees, and the angular scales of stands were less than 0.475, and the trees were evenly distributed. 3) The overall competitive pressure of forest trees was smaller, the growth space of one-year-old trees was suf?cient, the growth space of 2-year-old trees was basically suf?cient,and the growth space of 3-year-old ～ 5-year-old trees was insuf?cient or seriously insuf?cient. 4) Taking the 3-year-old and 5-year-old Eucalyptus plantation plots as an example, the optimal harvesting scheme was determined by the forest thinning model; The number of harvested trees was less than 25% of the total number of plants; and the structural parameters were optimized after harvesting, and the stability of the spatial structure of the stand was enhanced.
In order to provide a new method for optimizing the spatial structure of Eucalyptus plantations and improve the quality of arti?cial forests accurately, one-year-old to ?ve-year-old Eucalyptus pulpwood forests in short rotation period in Leizhou Peninsula were selected and investigated, the spatial structure characteristics of the plantations at different stand ages were analyzed. The evaluation index was put forward by evaluating comprehensively on the ?ve sub-goals such as neighborhood comparison, uniform angle index,open degree of stand, competition index and volume, and the thinning model for the stand was established by the Monte Carlo method,?nally the model of forest thinning was established by using Monte Carlo method, and the best harvesting plan was obtained, so that the harvested trees can be accurately located. The results show that 1) Among Eucalyptus plantations with different forest ages, the effect of normal distribution ?tted the diameter distribution was the best, followed by Weibull and Logistic distribution in order. 2) The size ratio of 1-year-old ～ 5-year-old Eucalyptus plantations was close to 0.5, there was no signi?cant difference in the size of trees, and the angular scales of stands were less than 0.475, and the trees were evenly distributed. 3) The overall competitive pressure of forest trees was smaller, the growth space of one-year-old trees was suf?cient, the growth space of 2-year-old trees was basically suf?cient,and the growth space of 3-year-old ～ 5-year-old trees was insuf?cient or seriously insuf?cient. 4) Taking the 3-year-old and 5-year-old Eucalyptus plantation plots as an example, the optimal harvesting scheme was determined by the forest thinning model; The number of harvested trees was less than 25% of the total number of plants; and the structural parameters were optimized after harvesting, and the stability of the spatial structure of the stand was enhanced.
引文
[1]李远发.林分空间结构参数二元分布的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.
[2]POMMERENING A.Evaluating structural indices by reversing forest structural analysis[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2006,224(3):266-277.
[3]匡一龙,谭骏珊,张怀清.基于空间结构的林分模拟方法研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(10):40-44.
[4]王霞.马尾松人工林近自然化改造初期效果分析研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[5]WIEGAND T,KISSLING W D,CIPRIOTTI P A,et al.Extending Point Pattern Analysis for Objects of Finite Size and Irregular Shape[J].Journal of Ecology,2010,94(4):825-837.
[6]WANG H X,ZHANG G Q,HUI G Y,et al.The influence of sampling unit size and spatial arrangement patterns on neighborhood-based spatial structure analyses of forest stands[J].Forest Systems,2016,25(1):1-9.
[7]贺姗姗.北京山区油松人工林林分结构与生长模拟研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.
[8]张建华.冀北山地华北落叶松典型林分结构功能评价与近自然经营研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[9]吕忠爽,刘兆刚,董灵波,等.基于综合采伐指数的帽儿山阔叶混交林结构优化模拟[J].东北林业大学学报,2018(4):12-17.
[10]GAO G,DING G,WANG H,et al.Restoring monoculture plantation using stand spatial structure analysis.[J].Forest Systems,2013,22(1):147-151.
[11]曹小玉,李际平,封尧,等.杉木生态公益林林分空间结构分析及评价[J].林业科学,2015,51(7):37-48.
[12]韦胜灵.桉树人工林生态问题评价[J].福建农业,2015(2):46-47.
[13]陈永富.短周期桉树人工林直径分布模型研究[C].长沙:2007年中国林业青年科技论坛--信息技术与资源环境管理论文集,2007.
[14]向仰州,徐大平,杨曾奖,等.海南桉树人工林直径分布模型[J].林业资源管理,2011(3):69-71.
[15]郭恩莹.桉树人工林林分生长模型研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.
[16]张祥宇,包倪雯,刘丽婷,等.桉树人工林林分结构特征及调控技术研究[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(4):45-51.
[17]钱颂迪.教材编写组运筹学.运筹学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[18]惠刚盈,胡艳波,赵中华.结构化森林经营研究进展[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(1):85-93.
[19]高集美.桉树抚育间伐强度效应分析[J].河北林业科技,2010(1):20-21.
[20]朱光玉,徐奇刚,吕勇.湖南栎类天然次生林林分空间结构对灌木物种多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(15):1-8.
[2]POMMERENING A.Evaluating structural indices by reversing forest structural analysis[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2006,224(3):266-277.
[3]匡一龙,谭骏珊,张怀清.基于空间结构的林分模拟方法研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(10):40-44.
[4]王霞.马尾松人工林近自然化改造初期效果分析研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[5]WIEGAND T,KISSLING W D,CIPRIOTTI P A,et al.Extending Point Pattern Analysis for Objects of Finite Size and Irregular Shape[J].Journal of Ecology,2010,94(4):825-837.
[6]WANG H X,ZHANG G Q,HUI G Y,et al.The influence of sampling unit size and spatial arrangement patterns on neighborhood-based spatial structure analyses of forest stands[J].Forest Systems,2016,25(1):1-9.
[7]贺姗姗.北京山区油松人工林林分结构与生长模拟研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.
[8]张建华.冀北山地华北落叶松典型林分结构功能评价与近自然经营研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[9]吕忠爽,刘兆刚,董灵波,等.基于综合采伐指数的帽儿山阔叶混交林结构优化模拟[J].东北林业大学学报,2018(4):12-17.
[10]GAO G,DING G,WANG H,et al.Restoring monoculture plantation using stand spatial structure analysis.[J].Forest Systems,2013,22(1):147-151.
[11]曹小玉,李际平,封尧,等.杉木生态公益林林分空间结构分析及评价[J].林业科学,2015,51(7):37-48.
[12]韦胜灵.桉树人工林生态问题评价[J].福建农业,2015(2):46-47.
[13]陈永富.短周期桉树人工林直径分布模型研究[C].长沙:2007年中国林业青年科技论坛--信息技术与资源环境管理论文集,2007.
[14]向仰州,徐大平,杨曾奖,等.海南桉树人工林直径分布模型[J].林业资源管理,2011(3):69-71.
[15]郭恩莹.桉树人工林林分生长模型研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.
[16]张祥宇,包倪雯,刘丽婷,等.桉树人工林林分结构特征及调控技术研究[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(4):45-51.
[17]钱颂迪.教材编写组运筹学.运筹学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[18]惠刚盈,胡艳波,赵中华.结构化森林经营研究进展[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(1):85-93.
[19]高集美.桉树抚育间伐强度效应分析[J].河北林业科技,2010(1):20-21.
[20]朱光玉,徐奇刚,吕勇.湖南栎类天然次生林林分空间结构对灌木物种多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(15):1-8.