昆明市主城区土地利用变化对地表径流的影响
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摘要
为探究昆明市主城区土地利用变化对地表径流的影响,采用昆明市主城区5个气象站点1986、1995、2000、2007、2014年的逐日降雨及其土地利用类型数据,通过率定后的SCS模型模拟昆明市主城区地表径流。结果表明,率定后的SCS模型适合昆明市主城区,模拟平均相对误差小于15%;1986~2014年水田、草地、灌木林和疏林地面积大幅减少,主要转化为城市建设用地和有林地,渗透比例由82%减至57%,提高了昆明市主城区雨水产流能力;地表径流量随渗透比例减少呈增加趋势,尤其表现在昆明市主城区东部和南部地区。
In order to explore the influence of land use change on surface runoff in the main urban area of Kunming City,using the daily rainfall data of 5 stations and land use in 1986,1995,2000,2007 and 2014 years,the daily surface runoff of the main urban area was simulated by the modified SCS model.The results show that the modified SCS model is suitable for the main urban area of Kunming City,and the average relative error is less than 15%.From 1986 to 2014 years,the area of paddy field,grassland,shrub forest and sparse forest land decreased significantly,which was mainly converted to urban construction land and forest land.The permeability area ratio decreased from 82%to 57%,and the ability of surface runoff was increased in the main urban area of Kunming.Surface runoff significantly increased with decreasing permeability area ratio,and surface runoff depth was obviously increasing in the South and East of Kunming city.
In order to explore the influence of land use change on surface runoff in the main urban area of Kunming City,using the daily rainfall data of 5 stations and land use in 1986,1995,2000,2007 and 2014 years,the daily surface runoff of the main urban area was simulated by the modified SCS model.The results show that the modified SCS model is suitable for the main urban area of Kunming City,and the average relative error is less than 15%.From 1986 to 2014 years,the area of paddy field,grassland,shrub forest and sparse forest land decreased significantly,which was mainly converted to urban construction land and forest land.The permeability area ratio decreased from 82%to 57%,and the ability of surface runoff was increased in the main urban area of Kunming.Surface runoff significantly increased with decreasing permeability area ratio,and surface runoff depth was obviously increasing in the South and East of Kunming city.
引文
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[2]王潺,杨国范,林茂森.土地利用变化对牤牛河流域径流的影响[J].人民长江,2017,48(8):32-37.
[3]曹言,易琦,王杰,等.滇池流域雨水资源潜力与时空分布特征[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(6):60-66.
[4]马亚鑫,周维博,宋扬.西安市主城区土地利用变化及其对地表径流的影响[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(5):49-54,90.
[5]王敏,许彦刚,房海军,等.基于改进的SCS模型的城市径流预测系统研究[J].水电能源科学,2012,30(3):20-22.
[6]罗琳,张松,郭胜男,等.SCS模型在中尺度流域和径流试区的应用比较[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(4/5):394-398.
[7]张兴奇,徐鹏程,顾璟冉.SCS模型在贵州省毕节市石桥小流域坡面产流模拟中的应用[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(3):321-328,333.
[8]陈正维,刘兴年,朱波.基于SCS-CN模型的紫色土坡地径流预测[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):72-81.
[9]李子海,张秀敏.滇池流域分散园地土壤侵蚀研究[J].云南环境科学,2003,22(S1):109-110.
[10]赵磊,杨逢乐,袁国林,等.昆明市明通河流域降雨径流水量水质SWMM模型模拟[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):1 961-1 972.
[11]吴志宜,俞志强,朱雪坚,等.SCS模型在不同土地利用类型地表产流计算中的应用——以余姚地区为例[J].浙江大学学报:理学版,2016,42(2):226-230.
[12]王红艳,张志强,查同刚,等.径流曲线数(SCS-CN)模型估算黄土高原小流域场降雨径流的改进[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(8):71-79.
[13]张皓,冯利平.近50年华北地区降水量时空变化特征研究[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(2):270-279.