森林枯落物对流域水文过程调节机理研究进展
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摘要
陆地生态系统关键要素对水文过程的调节机理是国际水文学及水资源等领域的研究热点和前沿问题。森林枯落物作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,是林区水文过程的重要影响因子,不仅能够延滞流域产/汇流、减缓洪水灾害,还能增强流域上游地区的水源涵养功能。因此,亟需深入研究森林枯落物对流域坡面水文过程尤其是产/汇流的调节机理。鉴于此,文中总结分析了森林枯落物自身持水特性及其对土壤入渗、蒸散发、坡面产/汇流等方面影响的国内外研究动态,指出了现有研究的基本特征,系统梳理了研究进程中尚存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了展望,以期对森林区的枯落物水文功能及其调节机理的进一步研究提供参考。
The regulatory mechanism of key terrestrial ecosystem elements on hydrological process is a heat and frontier issue in the fields of international hydrology and water resources. As an important component of terrestrial ecosystem,litter layer is a vital factor influencing hydrological process in forest areas. It can not only delay the process of runoff generation or confluence and mitigate the flood disasters,but also enhance the water conservation function in the upper areas of watershed. Therefore,it is urgent to study the regulatory mechanism of forest litters on the hydrological process,especially on the runoff generation or confluence. For the purpose of providing references for further study of hydrological function and regulatory mechanism of the litters in forest area,this paper summarized and analyzed the research trends at home and abroad on the water-holding characteristics of forest litter layer and its effects on soil infiltration,evapotranspiration,slope runoff and overland flow,pointed out the basic characteristics of existing research,systematically sorted out the problems currently rising in the research process,and prospected its research prospects.
The regulatory mechanism of key terrestrial ecosystem elements on hydrological process is a heat and frontier issue in the fields of international hydrology and water resources. As an important component of terrestrial ecosystem,litter layer is a vital factor influencing hydrological process in forest areas. It can not only delay the process of runoff generation or confluence and mitigate the flood disasters,but also enhance the water conservation function in the upper areas of watershed. Therefore,it is urgent to study the regulatory mechanism of forest litters on the hydrological process,especially on the runoff generation or confluence. For the purpose of providing references for further study of hydrological function and regulatory mechanism of the litters in forest area,this paper summarized and analyzed the research trends at home and abroad on the water-holding characteristics of forest litter layer and its effects on soil infiltration,evapotranspiration,slope runoff and overland flow,pointed out the basic characteristics of existing research,systematically sorted out the problems currently rising in the research process,and prospected its research prospects.
引文
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[23]张淑兰,张海军,张武,等.小兴安岭不同森林类型枯落物储量及其持水特性比较[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):85-90.
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[34]WEI W,JIA F,YANG L,et al.Effects of surficial condition and rainfall intensity on runoff in a loess hilly area,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,513(1):115-126.
[35]HORTON R E.Surface runoff phenomena[M].Michigan:Horton Hydrology Laboratory Publication,1935.
[36]HEWLETT J D,HIBBERT A R.Moisture and energy conditions within a sloping soil mass during drainage[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1963,68(4):1081-1087.
[37]芮孝芳.产汇流理论[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1995.
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[39]KIRKBY M.J,STATHAM I.Surface stone movement and scree formation[J].Journal of Geology,1975,83(3):349-362.
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[42]于维忠.论流域产流[J].水利学报,1995(2):1-11.
[43]TROENDLE C A.Variable source area models[C]//ANDERSONM G,BURT T P.Hydrological forecasting.London:WileyInterscience Publication,1985:347-404.
[44]PHILIP J R.Hillslope infiltration:planar slopes[J].Water Resources Research,1991,27(1):109-117.
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[46]PHILIP J R.Infiltration and downslope unsaturated flows in concave and convex topographies[J].Water Resources Research,1991,27(6):1041-1048.
[47]吴钦孝,赵鸿雁,汪有科.黄土高原油松林地产流产沙及其过程研究[J].生态学报,1998,18(2):151-157.
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[49]SIDLE R C,ZIEGLER A D,VOGLER J B.Contemporary changes in open water surface area of Lake Inle,Myanmar[J].Sustainability Science,2007,2(1):55-65.
[50]GERKE K M,SIDLE R C,MALLANTS D.Preferential flow mechanisms identified from staining experiments in forested hillslopes[J].Hydrological Processes,2015,29(21):4562-4578.
[51]BUTZEN V,SEEGER M,WIRTZ S,et al.Quantification of Hortonian overland flow generation and soil erosion in a Central European low mountain range using rainfall experiments[J].Catena,2014,113:202-212.
[52]BUTZEN V,SEEGER M,MARRUEDO A,et al.Water repellency under coniferous and deciduous forest:experimental assessment and impact on overland flow[J].Catena,2015,133:255-265.
[53]于维忠,芮孝芳.国外汇流理论若干进展[J].水文,1981(4):61-64.
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[2]刘向东,吴钦孝,赵鸿雁.黄土高原油松人工林枯枝落叶层水文生态功能研究[J].水土保持学报,1991,5(4):87-92.
[3]赵鸿雁,吴钦孝,刘向东,等.水土流失系统物质与能量交换途径的研讨[J].水土保持学报,1993,7(1):61-68.
[4]程金花,张洪江,余新晓,等.贡嘎山冷杉纯林地被物及土壤持水特性[J].北京林业大学学报,2002,24(3):45-49.
[5]HE X B,LIN Y H,HAN G M,et al.Litterfall interception by understorey vegetation delayed litter decomposition in Cinnamomum camphora plantation forest[J].Plant and Soil,2013,372(1/2):207-219.
[6]LIU Y J,YANG J,HU J M,et al.Characteristics of the surfacesubsurface flow generation and sediment yield to the rainfall regime and land-cover by long-term in-situ,observation in the red soil region,Southern China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,539:457-467.
[7]王佑民.中国林地枯落物持水保土作用研究概况[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(4):108-113.
[8]LEIFHEIT E F,VERBRUGGEN E,RILLIG M C.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce decomposition of woody plant litter while increasing soil aggregation[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,81:323-328.
[9]吴钦孝,刘向东,赵鸿雁.陕北黄土丘陵区油松林枯枝落叶层蓄积量及其动态变化[J].林业科学,1993,29(1):63-66.
[10]胡静霞,杨新兵,朱辰光,等.冀西北地区4种纯林枯落物及土壤水文效应[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(4):304-310.
[11]时忠杰,王彦辉,徐丽宏,等.六盘山主要森林类型枯落物的水文功能[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(1):91-99.
[12]刘向东,吴钦孝,汪有科,等.油松林枯枝落叶层截留与蒸发的研究[J].水土保持研究,1994(3):19-23.
[13]刘世荣,孙鹏森,王金锡,等.长江上游森林植被水文功能研究[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(5):451-456.
[14]马维玲,石培礼,宗宁,等.太行山区主要森林生态系统水源涵养能力[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(4):478-489.
[15]贺淑霞,李叙勇,莫菲,等.中国东部森林样带典型森林水源涵养功能[J].生态学报,2011,31(12):3285-3295.
[16]耿玉清,王保平.森林地表枯枝落叶层涵养水源作用的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2000,22(5):49-52.
[17]KIRCHEN G,CALVARUSO C,GRANIER A,et al.Local soil type variability controls the water budget and stand productivity in a beech forest[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2017,390:89-103.
[18]JIN K K,ONDA Y,MIN S K,et al.Plot-scale study of surface runoff on well-covered forest floors under different canopy species[J].Quaternary International,2014,344(1):75-85.
[19]余新晓,史宇,王贺年.森林生态系统水文过程与功能[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[20]杨振奇,秦富仓,李晓琴,等.砒砂岩区主要造林树种枯落物及林下土壤持水特性[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):118-122.
[21]温远光,刘世荣.我国主要森林生态系统类型降水截留规律的数量分析[J].林业科学,1995,31(4):289-298.
[22]OGEE J,BRUNET Y.A forest floor model for heat and moisture including a litter layer[J].Journal of Hydrology,2002,255(1):212-233.
[23]张淑兰,张海军,张武,等.小兴安岭不同森林类型枯落物储量及其持水特性比较[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):85-90.
[24]张晓明.重庆缙云山林地坡面降雨产流规律及土壤力学特征研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[25]孙龙.枯落物对土壤分离过程的影响及其季节变化特征[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2016.
[26]DUNKERLEY D.Percolation through leaf litter:what happens during rainfall events of varying intensity?[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,525:737-746.
[27]MARIN B E,NEGRETE-YANKELEVICH S,GEISSERT D.Litter thickness,but not root biomass,explains the average and spatial structure of soil hydraulic conductivity in secondary forests and coffee agroecosystems in Veracruz,Mexico[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,607/608:1357-1366.
[28]赵鸿雁,吴钦孝,刘向东,等.森林枯枝落叶层抑制土壤蒸发的研究[J].西北林学院学报,1992,7(2):14-20.
[29]林茂森,关德新,金昌杰,等.枯落物覆盖对阔叶红松林土壤蒸发的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2501-2506.
[30]RINGGAARD R,HERBST M,FRIBORG T.Partitioning forest evapotranspiration:interception evaporation and the impact of canopy structure,local and regional advection[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,517(2):677-690.
[31]贾剑波.北京山区典型森林生态系统水分运动过程与机制研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[32]赵鸿雁,刘向东,吴钦孝.枯枝落叶覆盖下的土壤蒸发的数学模型[J].水土保持通报,1992,12(2):62-64.
[33]PARK H T,HATTORI S,TANAKA T.Development of a numerical model for evaluating the effect of litter layer on evaporation[J].Journal of Forest Research,1998,3(1):25-33.
[34]WEI W,JIA F,YANG L,et al.Effects of surficial condition and rainfall intensity on runoff in a loess hilly area,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,513(1):115-126.
[35]HORTON R E.Surface runoff phenomena[M].Michigan:Horton Hydrology Laboratory Publication,1935.
[36]HEWLETT J D,HIBBERT A R.Moisture and energy conditions within a sloping soil mass during drainage[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1963,68(4):1081-1087.
[37]芮孝芳.产汇流理论[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1995.
[38]王云琦,王玉杰,朱金兆,等.森林与坡面产流研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):59-63.
[39]KIRKBY M.J,STATHAM I.Surface stone movement and scree formation[J].Journal of Geology,1975,83(3):349-362.
[40]KIRKBY M J.Hillslope hydrology[M].Wiley,1978:91-94.
[41]DUNNE T.Field studies of hillslope flow processes[C]∥Kirkby MJ.Hillslope hydrology.New York,USA:John Wiley&Sons,1978.227-294.
[42]于维忠.论流域产流[J].水利学报,1995(2):1-11.
[43]TROENDLE C A.Variable source area models[C]//ANDERSONM G,BURT T P.Hydrological forecasting.London:WileyInterscience Publication,1985:347-404.
[44]PHILIP J R.Hillslope infiltration:planar slopes[J].Water Resources Research,1991,27(1):109-117.
[45]PHILIP J R.Hillslope infiltration:divergent and convergent slopes[J].Water Resources Research,1991,27(6):1035-1040.
[46]PHILIP J R.Infiltration and downslope unsaturated flows in concave and convex topographies[J].Water Resources Research,1991,27(6):1041-1048.
[47]吴钦孝,赵鸿雁,汪有科.黄土高原油松林地产流产沙及其过程研究[J].生态学报,1998,18(2):151-157.
[48]SIDLE R C,NOGUCHI S,YOSHIO T,et al.A conceptual model of preferential flow systems in forested hillslopes:evidence of selforganization[J].Hydrological Processes,2001,15(10):1675-1692.
[49]SIDLE R C,ZIEGLER A D,VOGLER J B.Contemporary changes in open water surface area of Lake Inle,Myanmar[J].Sustainability Science,2007,2(1):55-65.
[50]GERKE K M,SIDLE R C,MALLANTS D.Preferential flow mechanisms identified from staining experiments in forested hillslopes[J].Hydrological Processes,2015,29(21):4562-4578.
[51]BUTZEN V,SEEGER M,WIRTZ S,et al.Quantification of Hortonian overland flow generation and soil erosion in a Central European low mountain range using rainfall experiments[J].Catena,2014,113:202-212.
[52]BUTZEN V,SEEGER M,MARRUEDO A,et al.Water repellency under coniferous and deciduous forest:experimental assessment and impact on overland flow[J].Catena,2015,133:255-265.
[53]于维忠,芮孝芳.国外汇流理论若干进展[J].水文,1981(4):61-64.
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