石墨烯制备技术研究进展
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摘要
由于特殊的电学、热学、力学等性质,石墨烯自发现以来备受关注。石墨烯具有优异的物理和化学性质,在储能、传感器、催化剂载体和电极材料等领域具有广阔的应用前景。研究人员在石墨烯制备技术方面做出了大量的努力,制备尺寸均一、缺陷较少的石墨烯材料成为材料领域的研究前沿和热点之一。介绍了石墨烯的基本特征,综述了石墨烯的制备技术,探讨了该研究领域亟需解决的问题和未来的发展方向。
Graphene has attracted great attentions due to its unique electrical,thermal and mechanical properties.They have excellent physical and chemical properties,and show good prospect of application in so many fields,such as energy storage,sensors,catalyst supporters,electrode materials,etc.Researchers have make a lot of effort for preparation technology of graphene,then preparation of graphene with uniform sizes and less defects has become one of the forefront and hot topics in the field.Fundamental characteristics of graphene and the approaches or research progress of preparation technology of graphene were summarized.The problems needed to be solved and the future development direction of graphene research were discussed.
Graphene has attracted great attentions due to its unique electrical,thermal and mechanical properties.They have excellent physical and chemical properties,and show good prospect of application in so many fields,such as energy storage,sensors,catalyst supporters,electrode materials,etc.Researchers have make a lot of effort for preparation technology of graphene,then preparation of graphene with uniform sizes and less defects has become one of the forefront and hot topics in the field.Fundamental characteristics of graphene and the approaches or research progress of preparation technology of graphene were summarized.The problems needed to be solved and the future development direction of graphene research were discussed.
引文
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[2]Chen Y,Huang Y,Ma Y,et al.Graphene-new type of two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials[M].Science Press:Beijing,2014.
[3]Huang Q,Yu D,Xu B,et al.Nanotwinned diamond with unprecedented hardness and stability[J].Nature,2014,510:250-253.
[4]Kim K S,Zhao Y,Jang H,et al.Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes[J].Nature,2009,457:706-710.
[5]Sengupta R,Bhattacharya M,Bandyopadhyay S,et al.A review on the mechanical and electrical properties of graphite and modified graphite reinforced polymer composites[J].Prog Polym Sci,2011,36:638-670.
[6]Novoselov K,Geim A,Morozov S,et al.Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films[J].Science,2004,306:666-669.
[7]Geim A,Novoselov K.The rise of graphene[J].Nat Mater,2007,6:183-191.
[8]Feng L,Wu L,Qu X.New horizons for diagnostics and therapeutic applications of graphene and graphene oxide[J].Adv Mater,2013,25:168-186.
[9]Hasanzadeh M,Shadjou N,Mokhtarzadeh A,et al.Two dimension(2-D)graphene-based nanomaterials as signal amplification elements in electrochemical microfluidic immune-devices:recent advances[J].Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl,2016,68:482-493.
[10]Wang D,Xu F,Hu J,et al.Phytic acid/graphene oxide nanocomposites modified electrode for electrochemical sensing of dopamine[J].Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl,2017,71:1086-1089.
[11]Daneshvar L,Rounaghi G H,Es'haghi Z,et al.Fabrication a new modified electrochemical sensor based on Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticle decorated graphene for citalopram determination[J].Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl,2016,69:653-660.
[12]Li Xifei,Geng Dongsheng,Zhang Yong,et al.Superior cycle stability of nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets as anodes for lithium ion batteries[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2011,8:822-825.
[13]Mendes R G,Bachmatiuk A,Büchner B,et al.Carbon nanostructures as multi-functional drug delivery platforms[J].JMater Chem B,2013,1:401-428.
[14]Wang Y,Li Z,Wang J,et al.Graphene and graphene oxide:biofunctionalization and applications in biotechnology[J].Trends Biotechnol,2011,29:205-212.
[15]Stankovich S,Dikin D A,Piner R D,et al.Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide[J].Carbon,2007,45:1558-1565.
[16]Zhang X,Yu C,Wang C,et al.Chemically converting graphene oxide to graphene with organic base for Suzuki reaction[J].Mater Res Bull,2015,67:77-82.
[17]Sharma G,Kumar D,Kumar A,et al.Revolution from monometallic to trimetallic nanoparticle composites,various synthesis methods and their applications:a review[J].Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl,2017,71:1216-1230.
[18]Hasanzadeh M,Shadjou N.What are the reasons for low use of graphene quantum dots in immunosensing of cancer biomarkers?[J].Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl,2017,71:1313-1326.
[19]Li Z,Wong S L.Functionalization of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides for biomedical applications[J].Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl,2017,70:1095-1106.
[20]Brodie B C.Philosophical transactions of the royal society of London[J].1859,149:249-259.
[21]Su Q,Pang S P,Alijani V,et al.Composites of graphene with large aromatic molecules[J].Adv Mater,2009,21:3191-3195.
[22]Staudenmaier L.Verfahren zur darstellung der graphitsure[J].Eur J Inorg Chem,1898,31:1481-1487.
[23]Schniepp H,Li J,McAllister M,et al.Functionalized single graphene sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide[J].JPhys Chem B,2006,110:8535-8539.
[24]Hummers W S,Offeman R E.Preparation of graphitic oxide[J].J Am Chem Soc,1958,80:1339.
[25]Subrahmanyam K S,Panchakarla L S,Govindaraj A,et al.Simple method of preparing graphene flakes by an arc-discharge method[J].J Phys Chem C,2009,113:4257-4259.
[26]Simpson C,Mattersteig G,Martin K,et al.Nanosized molecular propellers by cyclodehydrogenation of polyphenylene dendrimers[J].J Am Chem Soc,2004,126:3139-3147.
[27]Treier M,Pignedoli C A,Laino T,et al.Surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation provides a synthetic route towards easily processable and chemically tailored nanographene[J].Nat Chem,2011,3:61-67.
[28]Siemsen P,Livingston R,Diederich F.Acetylenic coupling:a powerful tool in molecular construction[J].Angewandte Chemie(International Edition),2000,39:2632-2657.
[29]Schultz M J,Zhang X,Unarunotai S,et al.Synthesis of linked carbon monolayers:films,balloons,tubes,and pleated sheets[J].P Natl Acad Sci USA,2008,105:7353-7358.
[30]Zhang W,Moore J S.Alkyne metathesis:catalysts and synthetic applications[J].Adv Synth Catal,2007,349:93-120.
[31]Kim K S,Zhao Y,Jang H,et al.Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes[J].Nature,2009,457:706-710.
[32]Vitchev R.Initial stages of few-layer graphene growth by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition[J].Nanotechnology,2010,21:602-610.
[33]Marchini S,Gunther S,Wintterlin J.Scanning tunneling microscopy of graphene on Ru(0001)[J].Phys Rev B,2007,76:075429.
[34]Reina A,Jia X,Ho J,et al.Large area,few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition[J].Nano Lett,2009,9:30-35.
[35]Wei D,Liu Y,Wang Y,et al.Synthesis of N-doped graphene by chemical vapor deposition and its electrical properties[J].Nano Lett,2009,9:1752-1758.
[36]Li X S,Cai W W,Colombo L,et al.Evolution of grapheme growth on Ni and Cu by carbon isotope labeling[J].Nano Lett,2009,9:4268-4272.
[37]Somani P R,Somani S P,Umeno M.Planer nano-graphenes from camphor by CVD[J].Chem Phys Lett,2006,430:56-59.
[38]Wang J,Zhu M,Outlaw R A,et al.Synthesis of carbon nanosheets by inductively coupled radio-frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition[J].Carbon,2004,42:2867-2872.
[39]Bae S,Kim H,Lee Y,et al.Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes[J].Nat Nanotechnol,2010,5:574-578.
[40]Hass J,W A de Heer,Conrad E H.The growth and morphology of epitaxial multilayer graphene[J].J Phys:Condens Matter,2008,20:323202.
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[45]Kim C D,Min B K,Jung W S.Preparation of graphene sheets by the reduction of carbon monoxide[J].Carbon,2009,47:1610-1612.