元散曲中的渔父形象
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摘要
元散曲中的渔父形象有着多重意蕴,他们是"不识字渔樵士大夫",是清闲自在的乡野村夫,是寂寞飘零的"野客",是远离红尘的仙人逸士,是历史兴衰的见证者。这与前代文学作品中的渔父形象相比更富动画感,由"隐逸"转向"乐闲",由"清新"转向"野逸"。与同时期的元诗,尤其是题画诗相比,在渔父的形象设置、创作主题、描述手法、诗画关系等方面,两者有交叉,又各具特点。
The images of fishermen in Sanqu Songs of the Yuan Dynasty have multiple meanings. They are "illiterate fishermen literati and officialdom", free and easy villagers, lonely roamers, immortals who are far from the common world, and the witnesses to the history. Compared with the images of the fishermen in the previous dynasties, they are more animated, shifting from "seclusion" to "leisure" and from "freshness" to "wild ease". There are many overlaps in terms of the setting of the fishermen images, the creation themes, the description techniques, and the relationship between poetry and paintings between the Sanqu Songs and the Yuan poems, but they have their own distinctive characteristics.
The images of fishermen in Sanqu Songs of the Yuan Dynasty have multiple meanings. They are "illiterate fishermen literati and officialdom", free and easy villagers, lonely roamers, immortals who are far from the common world, and the witnesses to the history. Compared with the images of the fishermen in the previous dynasties, they are more animated, shifting from "seclusion" to "leisure" and from "freshness" to "wild ease". There are many overlaps in terms of the setting of the fishermen images, the creation themes, the description techniques, and the relationship between poetry and paintings between the Sanqu Songs and the Yuan poems, but they have their own distinctive characteristics.
引文
[1]隋树森.全元散曲[M].北京:中华书局.1964.
[2]唐圭璋.全宋词[M].北京:中华书局,1965.
[3][宋]陈师道撰,[宋]任渊注,昌广生补笺,昌怀辛整理.后山诗注补笺[M].北京:中华书局.1995.
[4]杨镰.全元诗[M].北京:中华书局.2013.
①苏轼《怀西湖寄晁美叔同年》中有“应逢古渔父,苇间自延缘”。黄庭坚有《古渔父》诗,王铚有《古渔父词十二首》,金代赵秉文《和渊明拟古》中有“路逢古渔父,长歌沧浪辞”,等等。
②邓乔彬在《文史哲》2009年第1期《唐宋渔父词的文人化发展》一文中,将唐宋渔父词“以渔隐为词旨,以清逸为词风”契合文人以雅为尚的生活、审美情趣,唐宋文人对原有渔父词调的大力改造和变奏,以及渔父词与书画、歌舞的结合认为是唐宋渔父词文人化的标志。
③[宋]陈岩肖撰《庚溪诗话2卷》中有“(宋高宗)《渔父辞十五章》又清新简远,备骚雅之体”。宋代《源流至论40卷》中记载,“东坡跋(山谷)《渔父》,则取其清新婉丽之作”。黄庭坚《书船子和尚歌后》中有“船子和尚歌《渔父》,语意清新,道人家风,处处出现”。
[2]唐圭璋.全宋词[M].北京:中华书局,1965.
[3][宋]陈师道撰,[宋]任渊注,昌广生补笺,昌怀辛整理.后山诗注补笺[M].北京:中华书局.1995.
[4]杨镰.全元诗[M].北京:中华书局.2013.
①苏轼《怀西湖寄晁美叔同年》中有“应逢古渔父,苇间自延缘”。黄庭坚有《古渔父》诗,王铚有《古渔父词十二首》,金代赵秉文《和渊明拟古》中有“路逢古渔父,长歌沧浪辞”,等等。
②邓乔彬在《文史哲》2009年第1期《唐宋渔父词的文人化发展》一文中,将唐宋渔父词“以渔隐为词旨,以清逸为词风”契合文人以雅为尚的生活、审美情趣,唐宋文人对原有渔父词调的大力改造和变奏,以及渔父词与书画、歌舞的结合认为是唐宋渔父词文人化的标志。
③[宋]陈岩肖撰《庚溪诗话2卷》中有“(宋高宗)《渔父辞十五章》又清新简远,备骚雅之体”。宋代《源流至论40卷》中记载,“东坡跋(山谷)《渔父》,则取其清新婉丽之作”。黄庭坚《书船子和尚歌后》中有“船子和尚歌《渔父》,语意清新,道人家风,处处出现”。