FDM工艺成型参数对软材料TPU制品力学性能的影响
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摘要
用挤出机将TPU粒料挤出成型线材,经结构改进后的3D打印机将TPU线材打印成测试试样,通过正交实验方法,研究了填充率、平台温度、喷嘴温度对TPU制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及动态热力学性能的影响,并与同种材料的模压试样进行对比。结果表明:填充率、平台温度和喷嘴温度对试样力学性能具有明显的影响,其中,影响程度为喷嘴温度>填充率>平台温度;当填充率为75%、平台温度为50°和喷嘴温度为220℃时,TPU制品的力学性能最佳,拉伸强度为23. 04MPa,断裂伸长率为956. 02%,分别为模压试样的75. 12%和82. 01%,邵氏A硬度为84。因此,填充率、平台温度和喷嘴温度等影响TPU制品的力学性能,合理设置成型参数能获得接近模压制品的力学性能。
TPU grains were extruded into wires by extruder,and TPU wires were printed to test samples by improved 3 D printer. The effects of filling ratio,plateau temperature and nozzle temperature on tensile strength,elongation at break and dynamic thermodynamic properties of TPU products were studied by orthogonal experiment. TPU products were compared with the same molded material. The results showed that the filling rate,plateau temperature and nozzle temperature had influence on the mechanical properties of the samples,and the degree of influence was nozzle temperature > filling rate > plateau temperature; the best mechanical properties of TPU products were obtained when the filling rate was 75%,the plateau temperature was 50 ℃ and the nozzle temperature was 220 ℃ in the test groups,and the tensile strength was 23. 04 MPa. The elongation at break was 956. 02%,which was 75. 12% and 82. 01% of molded samples respectively,and the Shore A hardness was 84. It could be seen that the filling rate,platform temperature and nozzle temperature had affected the mechanical properties of TPU products. Through reasonable setting of molding parameters,TPU product with similar mechanical properties to molded products could be achieved.
TPU grains were extruded into wires by extruder,and TPU wires were printed to test samples by improved 3 D printer. The effects of filling ratio,plateau temperature and nozzle temperature on tensile strength,elongation at break and dynamic thermodynamic properties of TPU products were studied by orthogonal experiment. TPU products were compared with the same molded material. The results showed that the filling rate,plateau temperature and nozzle temperature had influence on the mechanical properties of the samples,and the degree of influence was nozzle temperature > filling rate > plateau temperature; the best mechanical properties of TPU products were obtained when the filling rate was 75%,the plateau temperature was 50 ℃ and the nozzle temperature was 220 ℃ in the test groups,and the tensile strength was 23. 04 MPa. The elongation at break was 956. 02%,which was 75. 12% and 82. 01% of molded samples respectively,and the Shore A hardness was 84. It could be seen that the filling rate,platform temperature and nozzle temperature had affected the mechanical properties of TPU products. Through reasonable setting of molding parameters,TPU product with similar mechanical properties to molded products could be achieved.
引文
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[3] HARYSKA A,GUBANSKA I,KUCINSKA-LIPKA J,et al. Fabrication and characterization of flexible medical-grade TPU filament for fused deposition modeling 3DP technology[J]. Polymers, 2018,10(12):1304.
[4] FALLAHIAREZOUDAR E,AHMADIPOURROUDPOSHT M,YUSOF N M,et al. 3D biofabrication of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)/poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)electrospun nanofibers containing maghemite(%-Fe2O3)for tissue engineering aortic heart valve[J].Polymers,2017,9(11):584.
[5] XIAO J,GAO Y. The manufacture of 3D printing of medical grade TPU[J]. Progress in Additive Manufacturing,2017,2(3):117-123.
[6] CHUNG M,RADACSI N,ROBERT C,et al. On the optimization of low-cost FDM 3D printers for accurate replication of patient-specific abdominal aortic aneurysm geometry[J]. 3D Printing in Medicine,2018,4(1):2.
[7]迟百宏,马昊鹏,刘晓军,等. 3D打印参数对TPU制品力学性能的影响[J].塑料,2017,46(2):9-12.
[8]哈尔滨理工大学.一种柔性丝材熔融沉积增材制造的进丝机构:中国,CN106515006A[P]. 2017-03-22.
[9]汪程,王宏松. FDM成形精度分析及实验研究[J].热加工工艺,2012,41(9):217-219.
[10]朱彦博,杜淼,陆超华,等. 3D打印TPU软材料工艺参数对层间粘接的影响[J].高分子学报,2018(4):532-540.
[11]徐运祺,潘永红,王万卷,等. 3D打印参数对聚乳酸力学性能的影响[J].塑料工业,2017,45(12):67-69.
[12]蒋波,蔡飞鹏,李晓宇,等.基于正交实验的增韧尼龙6注塑工艺优化[J].塑料,2018,47(2):61-64.
[13]冯莉,谢渭仁,赵春雁.木塑复合材料弯曲性能影响因素研究[J].塑料工业,2016,44(5):93-95.
[14]王玉龙,党海春,甄海龙,等. PCL/MDI/BDO型聚氨酯弹性体的性能[J].塑料,2016,45(6):93-95.
[15]毕永豹,杨兆哲,许民.打印方式对熔融沉积成型制品性能的影响[J].塑料科技,2017,45(4):59-64.
[16]屈晨光,张师军,高达利,等.环境温度对3D打印成型精度的影响[J].塑料工业,2015,43(8):53-55.
[17]黄丽.高分子材料[M]. 2版.北京:化学工业出版社,2016.
[18]杨万泰.聚合物材料表征与测试[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2008.
[19]周醒,胡斌,肖文强,等.氧化石墨烯接枝聚乙烯醇/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料的制备和性能[J].材料研究学报,2017,31(11):874-880.
[20] COPPOLA B,GAROFALO E,DI MAIO L,et al. Investigation on the use of PLA/hemp composites for the fused deposition modelling(FDM)3D printing[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings,2018,1981(1):020086.