基于货物价值特性的国际集装箱班列竞争力分析
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摘要
跨国集装箱班列与传统海陆联运和国际航空运输存在竞争关系.在分析竞争力与货物价值特性相互关系的基础上,基于显示性比较优势理论构建跨国集装箱班列的相对竞争力模型,研究不同货物价值特性下跨国集装箱班列适运货物品类,分析政府补贴、铁路运输费率、班列运输时间等3方面因素对跨国集装箱班列竞争力的影响.研究结果表明:跨国集装箱班列适合运输的货物品类主要为时间中度敏感类货物;跨国集装箱班列的竞争力随着货物价值的增加而增加,且随着货物价值的增加,货物本身对运费的承受能力上升,对运输服务水平的要求提高;跨国集装箱班列的相对竞争力随着班列补贴的增大而增大,在市场培育期,政府应给予补贴为其开拓市场提供政策支持.
There is a competitive relationship between international container trains and traditional sea-land multimodal transportation and air transport. Based on the analysis of the relationship between competitiveness and cargo value, this paper builds a relative competitiveness model of international container trains based on the theory of comparative advantage, and then studies the types of goods transported by international container trains under different cargo value characteristics. This paper analyzes the impact of government subsidies, railway transportation rates, and train transportation time on the competitiveness of international container trains. The results show that the goods that are suitable for transport in international container trains are mainly mediumsensitive goods. The competitiveness of international container trains increases with the value of goods, and as the value of goods increases, the affordability of goods to freight increases, and the requirements for transport service levels increase. The relative competitiveness of international container trains increases with the increase of train subsidies. The government should provide subsidies to provide policy support for market development.
There is a competitive relationship between international container trains and traditional sea-land multimodal transportation and air transport. Based on the analysis of the relationship between competitiveness and cargo value, this paper builds a relative competitiveness model of international container trains based on the theory of comparative advantage, and then studies the types of goods transported by international container trains under different cargo value characteristics. This paper analyzes the impact of government subsidies, railway transportation rates, and train transportation time on the competitiveness of international container trains. The results show that the goods that are suitable for transport in international container trains are mainly mediumsensitive goods. The competitiveness of international container trains increases with the value of goods, and as the value of goods increases, the affordability of goods to freight increases, and the requirements for transport service levels increase. The relative competitiveness of international container trains increases with the increase of train subsidies. The government should provide subsidies to provide policy support for market development.
引文
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[10]王路,冯利朋.渝新欧铁路通关换轨时间问题研究[J].物流工程与管理, 2014, 36(11):123-125.[WANG L,FENG L P. Research for the questions of customs clearance and transforming of the YUXINOU railway[J].Logistics Engineering and Management. 2014, 36(11):123-125.]
[2]张戎,郭玉静,闫哲彬,等.基于Nested-Logit模型的国际集装箱运输链选择行为研究[J].铁道学报, 2011, 33(7):8-13.[ZHANG R, GUO Y J, YAN Z B, et al. Study on international container transportation chain choice behavior based on nested-Logit model[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2011, 33(7):8-13.]
[3] BERGANTINO A S, BIERLAIRE M. Taste heterogeneity and latent preferences in the choice behavior of freight transport operators[J]. Transport Policy, 2013, 30(3):77-91.
[4] KIM H C. Developing a mode choice model for New Zealand freight transportation[D]. Christchurch:University of Canterbury, 2014.
[5] RAVIBABU M. A nested Logit model of mode choice for inland movement of export shipments:A case study of containerized export cargo from India[J]. Research in Transportation Economics, 2013, 38(1):91-100.
[6] BALASSA B. Trade liberalisation and “revealed”comparative advantage[J]. Manchester School, 1965, 33(2):99-123.
[7]秦欢欢,秦胜,郑平标.基于货物价值的中欧班列目标货源分析[J].铁道货运, 2016, 34(8):13-19.[QIN H H,QIN S, ZHENG P B. Analysis of central european train sources based on goods value[J]. Railway Freight Transport, 2016, 34(8):13-19.]
[8] GOYAL S K, GIRI B C. Recent trends in modeling of deteriorating inventory[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2001, 134(1):1-16.
[9]王姣娥,景悦,王成金.“中欧班列”运输组织策略研究[J].中国科学院院刊, 2017, 32(4):370-376.[WANG J E, JING Y, WANG C J. Study on better organization of China-Europe express train[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017, 32(4):370-376.]
[10]王路,冯利朋.渝新欧铁路通关换轨时间问题研究[J].物流工程与管理, 2014, 36(11):123-125.[WANG L,FENG L P. Research for the questions of customs clearance and transforming of the YUXINOU railway[J].Logistics Engineering and Management. 2014, 36(11):123-125.]