云南辣木病害调查及果腐病化学防治初步研究
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摘要
【目的】探明云南主要辣木种植区的病害种类及其分布、为害,开展辣木果腐病防治试验,为辣木果腐病防治提供参考。【方法】2016—2017年在云南省景洪、元谋、元江、江城、龙陵、芒市和富宁等7个辣木主要种植地区采用五点取样法进行辣木病害调查。选用70%代森锰锌330倍液、50%多菌灵750倍液、1∶1的70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂330倍液与50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂750倍混配液(简称70%代森锰锌∶50%多菌灵)为供试药剂,按常规喷雾进行施药处理,测试上述药剂对辣木果腐病的田间防治效果。【结果】云南辣木主要种植区常见病害有果腐病、枝条回枯病、嫩梢萎焉病、炭疽病、白粉病和根茎基腐病等,其中果腐病发生最为普遍,所调查的每个地区均有发生,最严重的是芒市,果腐病发病率高达72%。果腐病田间药剂防治试验结果表明:3种药剂对辣木果腐病均有一定的防治效果,校正防效大小依次为70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂330倍液(69.79%)>70%代森锰锌∶50%多菌灵(68.01%)>50%多菌灵750倍液(57.43%)。【结论】研究确定了云南辣木种植区辣木主要病害6种,筛选出防治果腐病的化学药剂。
[Purpose]The study was focused on the Moringa oleifera diseases investigation, distribution and their damages in the main M. oleifera planting regions in Yunnan, then on the evaluation of the control efficacy of fungicides on the pod rot of M. oleifera in the field so as to provide reference for M. oleifera pod rot control.[Method]M. oleifera disease survey in the main M. oleifera planting regions of Jinghong, Yuanmou, Yuanjiang, Jiangcheng, Longling, Mangshi and Funing in Yunan was conducted by 5-point sampling method from 2016 to 2017. The diseases were diagnosed by symptom observation, pathogens isolation and identification. 70% mancozeb wettable powder 330 times liquid, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 750 times liquid, 70% mancozeb(WP) 330 times liquid mixed with 50% carbendazim(WP) 750 times liquid in the proportion of 1:1 were selected to evaluate the control effect on pod rot of M. oleifera in the field with water as control. All of the treatments were conducted with conventional spraying.[Result]Disease investigation results showed that the common diseases in the main M. oleifera planting regions of Yunnan included pod rot, pathogenic dieback, tender shoot wilt, anthracnose, powdery mildew, root and basal rot and so on. Pod rot is the most common one occurring in each of the investigated region, in which Mangshi is the most severe occurrence region with the incidence up to 72%. The field trial test results indicated that all of the three fungicides showed certain control effects against to pod rot of M. oleifera, among them 70%mancozeb(WP) 330 times liquid showed the best control effect with control effect of 69.79%, and then the recommended 70% mancozeb(WP) 330 times liquid pooled with 50% carbendazim(WP)750 times liquid in the ratio of 1:1 showed 68.01% control effect, while the control effect of 50%carbendazim(WP) 750 times liquid was only 57.43%.[Conclusion]We investigated and identified6 kinds of main diseases of Moringa in M. oleifera plantations in Yunnan Province, and screened out the suitable chemical insecticides to control the pod rot.
[Purpose]The study was focused on the Moringa oleifera diseases investigation, distribution and their damages in the main M. oleifera planting regions in Yunnan, then on the evaluation of the control efficacy of fungicides on the pod rot of M. oleifera in the field so as to provide reference for M. oleifera pod rot control.[Method]M. oleifera disease survey in the main M. oleifera planting regions of Jinghong, Yuanmou, Yuanjiang, Jiangcheng, Longling, Mangshi and Funing in Yunan was conducted by 5-point sampling method from 2016 to 2017. The diseases were diagnosed by symptom observation, pathogens isolation and identification. 70% mancozeb wettable powder 330 times liquid, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 750 times liquid, 70% mancozeb(WP) 330 times liquid mixed with 50% carbendazim(WP) 750 times liquid in the proportion of 1:1 were selected to evaluate the control effect on pod rot of M. oleifera in the field with water as control. All of the treatments were conducted with conventional spraying.[Result]Disease investigation results showed that the common diseases in the main M. oleifera planting regions of Yunnan included pod rot, pathogenic dieback, tender shoot wilt, anthracnose, powdery mildew, root and basal rot and so on. Pod rot is the most common one occurring in each of the investigated region, in which Mangshi is the most severe occurrence region with the incidence up to 72%. The field trial test results indicated that all of the three fungicides showed certain control effects against to pod rot of M. oleifera, among them 70%mancozeb(WP) 330 times liquid showed the best control effect with control effect of 69.79%, and then the recommended 70% mancozeb(WP) 330 times liquid pooled with 50% carbendazim(WP)750 times liquid in the ratio of 1:1 showed 68.01% control effect, while the control effect of 50%carbendazim(WP) 750 times liquid was only 57.43%.[Conclusion]We investigated and identified6 kinds of main diseases of Moringa in M. oleifera plantations in Yunnan Province, and screened out the suitable chemical insecticides to control the pod rot.
引文
[1]盛军.现代辣木生物学[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2015.
[2]唐义.辣木物候观察及常规性状的研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[3]刘子记,孙继华,刘昭华,等.特色植物辣木的应用价值及发展前景分析[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(9):1871.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2014.09.035.
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[5]吴頔,蔡志华,魏烨昕,等.辣木作为新型植物性蛋白质饲料的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(3):503.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2013.03.008.
[6]张燕平,段琼芬,苏建荣.辣木的开发与利用[J].热带农业科学,2004,24(4):42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-2196.2004.04.010.
[7]汪泰,顾文宏,何军,等.辣木新资源食品研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2017,38(8):364.DOI:10.13386/j.issn.1002-0306.2017.08.062.
[8]苏琳琳,史文斌,匡钰.辣木果冻的研制[J].食品研究与开发,2015,36(20):70.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-6521.2015.20.020.
[9]蔡志英,曾艳华,熊斌,等.辣木果荚腐病病原菌分离及鉴定[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(9):1517.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2016.09.1517.
[10]蒋桂芝,刘昌芬.西双版纳辣木主要病害及病原菌[J].植物保护,2008,34(4):121.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2008.04.030.
[11]蒋桂芝,阿红昌,刘昌芬.西双版纳辣木主要病虫害研究初报[J].热带农业科技,2006,29(4):6.DOI:10.16005/j.cnki.tast.2006.04.003.
[12]蒋桂芝,杨焱,龙继明,等.西双版纳辣木常见病虫害及其防治[J].热带农业科技,2011,34(3):28.DOI:10.16005/j.cnki.tast.2011.03.008.
[13]王应清,苏琳琳,胡永亮,等.瑞丽辣木白粉病病原初步鉴定及田间药效试验[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(2):48.DOI:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.02.012.
[14]时春喜,李恩才,祁志军,等.多菌灵与代森锰锌混配对梨黑星病菌和苹果斑点落叶病菌的增效研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(4):131.DOI:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2003.04.036.
[15]李公启,郑殿家,孙国刚.代森锰锌与多菌灵混合使用防治西洋参黑斑病试验[J].人参研究,2000,12(1):41.
[16]MAHESH M,KOTIKAL Y K,NARABENCHI G.Management of drumstick pod fly,Gitona distigma(Meigen)[J].International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy,Biology and Chemistry,2014,3(1):54.
[17]MANDOKHOT A M,FUGRO P A,GONKHALEKARS B.A new disease of Moringa oleifera in India[J].Indian Phytopathology,1994,47(4):443.
[18]ALAKA P,VINAYA G.A new wilt disease of wild Moringa(M.concanensis)[J].Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany,1998,22(2):423.
[19]韦雪英,符策,谢君峰,等.桂西南地区辣木栽培管理技术[J].农业与技术,2017,37(22):91.DOI:10.11974/nyyjs.20171132073.
[20]武英,陈振东,罗金水,等.闽南地区辣木主要病、虫害及其防治[J].福建热作科技,2017,42(1):44.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-2327.2017.01.010.
[21]RESMI D S,GIRIJA V K,CELINE V A.Fusarium incited fruit rot of drumstick(Moringa oleifera Lamk.)[J].Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology,2005,35(1):30.
[22]KSHIRSAGAR C R,D’SOUZA T F.A new disease of drumstick[J].Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities,1989,14(2):241.
[23]蒋桂芝,刘昌芬,苏海鹏.西双版纳辣木果腐病及其病原菌的鉴定[J].植物保护学报,2007,34(5):557.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.0577-7518.2007.05.022.
[24]HE Y Y,CHEN X Q,HUANG M Z,et al.First report of seed pod rot of Moringa oleifera caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum in China[J].Plant Disease,2017,101(10):1824.DOI:10.1094/pdis-04-17-0598-pdn.
[2]唐义.辣木物候观察及常规性状的研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[3]刘子记,孙继华,刘昭华,等.特色植物辣木的应用价值及发展前景分析[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(9):1871.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2014.09.035.
[4]段琼芬,李迅,陈思多,等.辣木营养价值的开发利用[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(29):12670.DOI:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2008.29.098.
[5]吴頔,蔡志华,魏烨昕,等.辣木作为新型植物性蛋白质饲料的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(3):503.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2013.03.008.
[6]张燕平,段琼芬,苏建荣.辣木的开发与利用[J].热带农业科学,2004,24(4):42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-2196.2004.04.010.
[7]汪泰,顾文宏,何军,等.辣木新资源食品研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2017,38(8):364.DOI:10.13386/j.issn.1002-0306.2017.08.062.
[8]苏琳琳,史文斌,匡钰.辣木果冻的研制[J].食品研究与开发,2015,36(20):70.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-6521.2015.20.020.
[9]蔡志英,曾艳华,熊斌,等.辣木果荚腐病病原菌分离及鉴定[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(9):1517.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2016.09.1517.
[10]蒋桂芝,刘昌芬.西双版纳辣木主要病害及病原菌[J].植物保护,2008,34(4):121.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2008.04.030.
[11]蒋桂芝,阿红昌,刘昌芬.西双版纳辣木主要病虫害研究初报[J].热带农业科技,2006,29(4):6.DOI:10.16005/j.cnki.tast.2006.04.003.
[12]蒋桂芝,杨焱,龙继明,等.西双版纳辣木常见病虫害及其防治[J].热带农业科技,2011,34(3):28.DOI:10.16005/j.cnki.tast.2011.03.008.
[13]王应清,苏琳琳,胡永亮,等.瑞丽辣木白粉病病原初步鉴定及田间药效试验[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(2):48.DOI:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.02.012.
[14]时春喜,李恩才,祁志军,等.多菌灵与代森锰锌混配对梨黑星病菌和苹果斑点落叶病菌的增效研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(4):131.DOI:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2003.04.036.
[15]李公启,郑殿家,孙国刚.代森锰锌与多菌灵混合使用防治西洋参黑斑病试验[J].人参研究,2000,12(1):41.
[16]MAHESH M,KOTIKAL Y K,NARABENCHI G.Management of drumstick pod fly,Gitona distigma(Meigen)[J].International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy,Biology and Chemistry,2014,3(1):54.
[17]MANDOKHOT A M,FUGRO P A,GONKHALEKARS B.A new disease of Moringa oleifera in India[J].Indian Phytopathology,1994,47(4):443.
[18]ALAKA P,VINAYA G.A new wilt disease of wild Moringa(M.concanensis)[J].Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany,1998,22(2):423.
[19]韦雪英,符策,谢君峰,等.桂西南地区辣木栽培管理技术[J].农业与技术,2017,37(22):91.DOI:10.11974/nyyjs.20171132073.
[20]武英,陈振东,罗金水,等.闽南地区辣木主要病、虫害及其防治[J].福建热作科技,2017,42(1):44.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-2327.2017.01.010.
[21]RESMI D S,GIRIJA V K,CELINE V A.Fusarium incited fruit rot of drumstick(Moringa oleifera Lamk.)[J].Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology,2005,35(1):30.
[22]KSHIRSAGAR C R,D’SOUZA T F.A new disease of drumstick[J].Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities,1989,14(2):241.
[23]蒋桂芝,刘昌芬,苏海鹏.西双版纳辣木果腐病及其病原菌的鉴定[J].植物保护学报,2007,34(5):557.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.0577-7518.2007.05.022.
[24]HE Y Y,CHEN X Q,HUANG M Z,et al.First report of seed pod rot of Moringa oleifera caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum in China[J].Plant Disease,2017,101(10):1824.DOI:10.1094/pdis-04-17-0598-pdn.