元谋干热河谷区冲沟系统的空间格局类型与地形成因
|
摘要
沟系空间格局是沟蚀地貌学研究中较少涉及的领域之一。为了研究元谋干热河谷区冲沟的空间格局类型,文章基于1∶50000的地形图与高分辨率遥感影像,通过目视解译与水文分析,提取研究区的冲沟系统,并进行类型划分。结果表明,元谋干热河谷冲沟系统较为复杂,根据沟系不同的纹理特征和组合关系形态,可将其划分为6种类型:放射状沟系、梳状沟系、羽状沟系、格状沟系、树枝状沟系、平行状沟系,不同沟系类型的形成主要受到地形特征与地貌部位的影响。本研究不仅在理论上有利于理解冲沟系统的形成演化机制,而且在实践上能为冲沟侵蚀防治与环境优化整治提供科学依据。
The spatial pattern of gullies system is less researched in areas of geomorphology of the gully erosion. Based on 1: 50000 topographic map and high-resolution remote sensing imagery,this paper extracted and classified the gullies system in the study area through hydrological analysis tools and visual interpretation for studying the spatial pattern types of the gullies system in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley. The results showed that the gullies system in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley were more complex. According to the different texture characteristics and the morphology of combination relations,the gullies system could be divided into 6 types: radial gully,comb gully,pinnate gully,trellis gully,dendritic gully and parallel gully.Different types of gullies system were formed mainly by the topography features and geomorphological sites. Studies on the spatial pattern types of gullies system can help in understanding the growth rules and formation mechanism of the gullies system in theory,but also provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of erosion gully and optimization of environmental governance in the practice.
The spatial pattern of gullies system is less researched in areas of geomorphology of the gully erosion. Based on 1: 50000 topographic map and high-resolution remote sensing imagery,this paper extracted and classified the gullies system in the study area through hydrological analysis tools and visual interpretation for studying the spatial pattern types of the gullies system in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley. The results showed that the gullies system in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley were more complex. According to the different texture characteristics and the morphology of combination relations,the gullies system could be divided into 6 types: radial gully,comb gully,pinnate gully,trellis gully,dendritic gully and parallel gully.Different types of gullies system were formed mainly by the topography features and geomorphological sites. Studies on the spatial pattern types of gullies system can help in understanding the growth rules and formation mechanism of the gullies system in theory,but also provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of erosion gully and optimization of environmental governance in the practice.
引文
[1]石长金,温是,何成全.侵蚀沟系统分类与综合开发治理模型研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,1995,(3):193-197+200.
[2]GY.GA'BRIS A K S,*,L.ZA'MBO'Land use change and gully formation over the last 200 years in a hilly catchment[J].Elsevier,2003,Catena(50):151-164.
[3]C.VALENTIN J P,YONG LI Gully erosion:Impacts,factors and control[J].elsevier,2005,Catena(63):132-153.
[4]朱显谟.黄土区土壤侵蚀的分类[J].土壤学报,1956,(2):99-115.
[5]张洪江.土壤侵蚀原理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.1.1-260
[6]孟令钦,李勇.东北黑土区沟蚀研究与防治[J].中国水土保持,2009,(12):40-42.
[7]方海东,纪中华,沙毓沧,et al.元谋干热河谷区冲沟形成原因及植被恢复技术[J].林业科技开发,2006,(2):47-50.
[8]柴宗新,范建容,刘淑珍.金沙江下游元谋盆地冲沟发育特征和过程分析[J].地理科学,2001,(4):339-343.
[9]CHAPLOT V.Impact of terrain attributes,parent material and soil types on gully erosion[J].Geomorphology,2013,(186):1-11.
[10]D H A.Drainage analysis in geological interpretation:A summation[J].(1967),2246-2259.
[11]刘怀湘,王兆印.典型河网形态特征与分布[J].水利学报,2007,(11):1354-1357.
[12]刘怀湘,王兆印.河网形态与环境条件的关系[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(9):1408-1412.
[13]艾自兴,牛瑞芳,毋河海,et al.基于动态树结构的河网分析方法[J].测绘科学,2006,(3):80-81+86.
[14]郭庆胜.河系的特征分析和树状河系的自动结构化[J].地矿测绘,1999,(4):7-9.
[15]刘维妮.基于知识的树状河流地图综合研究[J].2007,1-71.
[16]张青年,全洪.河系树的建立及其应用[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(6):101-104.
[17]张园玉,李霖.树状河系自动绘制的结构化实现[J].测绘通报,2006,(2):62-64+66.
[18]张园玉,李霖,金玉平,et al.基于图论的树状河系结构化绘制模型研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,(6):537-539+543.
[19]赵春燕,王国华.基于图论的树状河系Horton码自动建立[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006,(1):44-47.
[20]杨凯,袁雯,赵军,et al.感潮河网地区水系结构特征及城市化响应[J].地理学报,2004,(4):557-564.
[21]张丽,傅旭东,王光谦,et al.黄河中游典型河网的结构自相似性[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2013,(1):24-28.
[22]ZHU T X.Gully and tunnel erosion in the hilly Loess Plateau region,China[J].Geomorphology,2012,(153-154):144-155.
[23]ROWNTREE K M,DR.Morphological Characteristics of Gully Networks and their Relationship to Host Materials,Baringo District,Kenya[J].Geomorphology,1991,(23.1):19-27.
[24]陈安强,张丹,范建容,et al.元谋干热河谷区沟蚀发育阶段与崩塌类型的关系[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,(4):1-6+22.
[25]范昊明,顾广贺,王岩松,et al.东北黑土区侵蚀沟发育与环境特征[J].中国水土保持,2013,(10):75-79.
[26]钱方周.元谋第四纪地质与古人类[M].[J].科学出版社,1991,1-3.
[27]杨丹,熊东红,翟娟,et al.元谋干热河谷冲沟形态特征及其成因[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,(1):38-45.
[28]杨艳鲜,纪中华,方海东,等.元谋干热河谷早坡地复合生态农业模式效益研究初评[J].水土保持研究,2005,(12):70-73.
[29]张建平.元谋干热河谷区土地荒漠化研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2000,(1):1-8.
[30]罗君,周维,覃发超,et al.元谋干热河谷冲沟区植被对微地形的响应[J].山地学报,2012,(5):535-542.
[31]陈安强,张丹,熊东红,et al.元谋干热河谷坡面表层土壤力学特性对其抗冲性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,(5):108-113.
[32]TURCOTTE D L.Self-organized complexity in geomorphology:Observations and models[J].Geomorphology,2007,91(3):302-310.
[33]DOMBR DI E,TIM R G,BADA G,et al.Fractal dimension estimations of drainage network in the Carpathian–Pannonian system[J].Global and Planetary Change,2007,58(1):197-213.
[34]CHENG Q,RUSSELL H,SHARPE D,et al.GISbased statistical and fractal/multifractal analysis of surface stream patterns in the Oak Ridges Moraine[J].Computers and Geosciences,2001,27(5):513-526.
[35]龙腾文,赵景波.基于DEM的黄土高原典型流域水系分形特征研究[J].地球与环境,2008,(4):304-308.
[36]吕爱锋,陈嘻,王纲胜.基于DEM的流域水系分维估算方法探讨[J].干旱区地理,2002,(4):315-320.
[2]GY.GA'BRIS A K S,*,L.ZA'MBO'Land use change and gully formation over the last 200 years in a hilly catchment[J].Elsevier,2003,Catena(50):151-164.
[3]C.VALENTIN J P,YONG LI Gully erosion:Impacts,factors and control[J].elsevier,2005,Catena(63):132-153.
[4]朱显谟.黄土区土壤侵蚀的分类[J].土壤学报,1956,(2):99-115.
[5]张洪江.土壤侵蚀原理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.1.1-260
[6]孟令钦,李勇.东北黑土区沟蚀研究与防治[J].中国水土保持,2009,(12):40-42.
[7]方海东,纪中华,沙毓沧,et al.元谋干热河谷区冲沟形成原因及植被恢复技术[J].林业科技开发,2006,(2):47-50.
[8]柴宗新,范建容,刘淑珍.金沙江下游元谋盆地冲沟发育特征和过程分析[J].地理科学,2001,(4):339-343.
[9]CHAPLOT V.Impact of terrain attributes,parent material and soil types on gully erosion[J].Geomorphology,2013,(186):1-11.
[10]D H A.Drainage analysis in geological interpretation:A summation[J].(1967),2246-2259.
[11]刘怀湘,王兆印.典型河网形态特征与分布[J].水利学报,2007,(11):1354-1357.
[12]刘怀湘,王兆印.河网形态与环境条件的关系[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(9):1408-1412.
[13]艾自兴,牛瑞芳,毋河海,et al.基于动态树结构的河网分析方法[J].测绘科学,2006,(3):80-81+86.
[14]郭庆胜.河系的特征分析和树状河系的自动结构化[J].地矿测绘,1999,(4):7-9.
[15]刘维妮.基于知识的树状河流地图综合研究[J].2007,1-71.
[16]张青年,全洪.河系树的建立及其应用[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(6):101-104.
[17]张园玉,李霖.树状河系自动绘制的结构化实现[J].测绘通报,2006,(2):62-64+66.
[18]张园玉,李霖,金玉平,et al.基于图论的树状河系结构化绘制模型研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,(6):537-539+543.
[19]赵春燕,王国华.基于图论的树状河系Horton码自动建立[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006,(1):44-47.
[20]杨凯,袁雯,赵军,et al.感潮河网地区水系结构特征及城市化响应[J].地理学报,2004,(4):557-564.
[21]张丽,傅旭东,王光谦,et al.黄河中游典型河网的结构自相似性[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2013,(1):24-28.
[22]ZHU T X.Gully and tunnel erosion in the hilly Loess Plateau region,China[J].Geomorphology,2012,(153-154):144-155.
[23]ROWNTREE K M,DR.Morphological Characteristics of Gully Networks and their Relationship to Host Materials,Baringo District,Kenya[J].Geomorphology,1991,(23.1):19-27.
[24]陈安强,张丹,范建容,et al.元谋干热河谷区沟蚀发育阶段与崩塌类型的关系[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,(4):1-6+22.
[25]范昊明,顾广贺,王岩松,et al.东北黑土区侵蚀沟发育与环境特征[J].中国水土保持,2013,(10):75-79.
[26]钱方周.元谋第四纪地质与古人类[M].[J].科学出版社,1991,1-3.
[27]杨丹,熊东红,翟娟,et al.元谋干热河谷冲沟形态特征及其成因[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,(1):38-45.
[28]杨艳鲜,纪中华,方海东,等.元谋干热河谷早坡地复合生态农业模式效益研究初评[J].水土保持研究,2005,(12):70-73.
[29]张建平.元谋干热河谷区土地荒漠化研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2000,(1):1-8.
[30]罗君,周维,覃发超,et al.元谋干热河谷冲沟区植被对微地形的响应[J].山地学报,2012,(5):535-542.
[31]陈安强,张丹,熊东红,et al.元谋干热河谷坡面表层土壤力学特性对其抗冲性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,(5):108-113.
[32]TURCOTTE D L.Self-organized complexity in geomorphology:Observations and models[J].Geomorphology,2007,91(3):302-310.
[33]DOMBR DI E,TIM R G,BADA G,et al.Fractal dimension estimations of drainage network in the Carpathian–Pannonian system[J].Global and Planetary Change,2007,58(1):197-213.
[34]CHENG Q,RUSSELL H,SHARPE D,et al.GISbased statistical and fractal/multifractal analysis of surface stream patterns in the Oak Ridges Moraine[J].Computers and Geosciences,2001,27(5):513-526.
[35]龙腾文,赵景波.基于DEM的黄土高原典型流域水系分形特征研究[J].地球与环境,2008,(4):304-308.
[36]吕爱锋,陈嘻,王纲胜.基于DEM的流域水系分维估算方法探讨[J].干旱区地理,2002,(4):315-320.