白刺幼苗芽库及枝系构型对不同氮添加水平的响应
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摘要
[目的]研究不同氮添加梯度下白刺幼苗芽库组成及空间结构的差异,探讨了幼苗的养分限制、氮素利用以及根系和插穗的品质与芽库的关联,阐明了白刺芽库响应氮素有效性所采取的适应性策略。[方法]本研究通过盆栽控制实验,对唐古特白刺幼苗的芽库特征进行了测量分析。[结果]氮添加显著增加了白刺幼苗芽和营养枝数量,显著降低了休眠芽和休眠枝数量,并对二级枝和三级枝出芽率具有明显促进作用;随着氮添加量的递增,营养枝有从基部向顶端移动趋势;氮平衡指数与白刺幼苗出芽强度、分枝强度、二级枝和三级枝出芽率均呈二次非线性正相关关系;植株氮含量、氮积累量和地下部分形态特征分别与芽和营养枝数量呈正相关关系,与休眠芽和休眠枝数量呈负相关关系。[结论]氮添加影响幼苗芽库容量。随着氮添加水平的提高,各指标多数在N3和N4处理达到最大值后逐渐降低,因此6个氮添加水平中36 mmol·L-1和48 mmol·L-1是白刺幼苗最适氮添加量。氮添加对幼苗芽库内组分的相对位置产生了不同影响趋势,所以白刺幼苗可以通过改变芽库容量和空间分布来响应养分有效性变化。
[Objective]To investigate the differences in the composition and spatial structure of bud bank of Nitraria tangutorum seedling under the different nitrogen addition gradients,and nutrient limitation and nitrogen utilization,and to reveal the linkage between the quality of roots and cuttings and the bud bank,and finally elucidate the adaptation strategies of bud bank for the nitrogen availability. [Method] The bud bank traits of N. tangutorum seedlings under different nitrogen addition were studied using pot experiments. The N addition levels consist of 0,12,24,36,48 and 60 mmol·L-1. [Result]The nitrogen addition significantly increased the number of buds and vegetative shoots in bud bank,and significantly reduced the number of dormant buds and dormant shoots; meanwhile,the nitrogen addition promoted the bud production of secondary shoots and tertiary shoots. With the increas-ing of nitrogen addition,the relative position of vegetative shoots in bud bank had a tendency to move from base to tip. There was a quadratic nonlinear positive correlation between nitrogen balance index(NBI) and budding intensity,branching intensity,bud production of secondary and tertiary shoots of N. tangutorum seedling; The N content,accumulation amount(NAA) and the morphological traits underground were positively related to the number of buds and vegetative shoots,and negatively related to the number of dormant buds and dormant shoots. [Conclusion]Among the six nitrogen addition gradients,most of the indicators reached their maximum values in either 36 mmol·L-1 or 48 mmol·L-1 N addition levels,which were the optimum N additions for N. tangutorum seedlings.Nitrogen addition has a significantly influence on the bud bank size and spatial distribution of N. tangutorum seedlings,which also reflects a response to the changing nutrient availability.
[Objective]To investigate the differences in the composition and spatial structure of bud bank of Nitraria tangutorum seedling under the different nitrogen addition gradients,and nutrient limitation and nitrogen utilization,and to reveal the linkage between the quality of roots and cuttings and the bud bank,and finally elucidate the adaptation strategies of bud bank for the nitrogen availability. [Method] The bud bank traits of N. tangutorum seedlings under different nitrogen addition were studied using pot experiments. The N addition levels consist of 0,12,24,36,48 and 60 mmol·L-1. [Result]The nitrogen addition significantly increased the number of buds and vegetative shoots in bud bank,and significantly reduced the number of dormant buds and dormant shoots; meanwhile,the nitrogen addition promoted the bud production of secondary shoots and tertiary shoots. With the increas-ing of nitrogen addition,the relative position of vegetative shoots in bud bank had a tendency to move from base to tip. There was a quadratic nonlinear positive correlation between nitrogen balance index(NBI) and budding intensity,branching intensity,bud production of secondary and tertiary shoots of N. tangutorum seedling; The N content,accumulation amount(NAA) and the morphological traits underground were positively related to the number of buds and vegetative shoots,and negatively related to the number of dormant buds and dormant shoots. [Conclusion]Among the six nitrogen addition gradients,most of the indicators reached their maximum values in either 36 mmol·L-1 or 48 mmol·L-1 N addition levels,which were the optimum N additions for N. tangutorum seedlings.Nitrogen addition has a significantly influence on the bud bank size and spatial distribution of N. tangutorum seedlings,which also reflects a response to the changing nutrient availability.
引文
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[17]孙书存,陈灵芝.辽东栎芽库统计:芽的命运[J].生态学报,2001,21(3):385-390.
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[21]闫永庆,刘兴亮,王崑,等.白刺对不同浓度混合盐碱胁迫的生理响应[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(10):1213-1219.
[22]Li Q,Xu J,Li H,et al.Effects of Aspect on Clonal Reproduction and Biomass Allocation of Layering Modules of Nitraria tangutorum in Nebkha Dunes[J].Plos One,2013,8(10):e79927-e79927.
[23]Wang N,Gao J,Zhang SQ,et al.Variations in leaf and root stoichiometry of Nitraria tangutorum,along aridity gradients in the Hexi Corridor,northwest China[J].Contemporary Problems of Ecology,2014,7(3):308-314.
[24]李蕴.基于稳定同位素技术的泡泡刺水分来源研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2014.
[25]Dombroskie S L,Tracey A J,Aarssen L W.Leafing intensity and the fruit size/number trade-off in woody angiosperms[J].Journal of Ecology,2016,104(6):1759-1767.
[26]Tolvanen A,Henry G H.Responses of carbon and nitrogen concentrations in high arctic plants to experimental warming[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,2001,79:711-718.
[27]Bonser S P,Aarssen L W.Allometry and development in herbaceous plants:functional responses of meristem allocation to light and nutrient availability[J].American Journal of Botany,2003,90(3):404-412.
[28]郇慧慧,胥晓,刘刚,等.不同分枝数对桑树幼苗生长发育的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):823-831.
[29]Duffy N M,Bonser S P,Aarssen L W.Patterns of Variation in Meristem Allocation across Genotypes and Species in Monocarpic Brassicaceae[J].Oikos,1999,84(2):284.
[30]赵钢,苏幸枝,石秀兰,等.施肥条件下柱花草生长早期构件生长规律的研究[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(6):32-35.
[31]祖艳群,李元,高召华,等.UV-B辐射对仙客来的生理效应[J].植物科学学报,2007,25(2):209-212.
[32]Cartelat A,Cerovic Z G,Goulas Y,et al.Optically assessed contents of leaf polyphenolics and chlorophyll as indicators of nitrogen deficiency in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Field Crop Res,2005,91(1):35-49.
[33]周永学,樊军锋,杨培华,等.奥地利黑松苗木根系与地上部分生长关系研究[J].陕西林业科技,2004,(1):6-9.
[34]詹书侠,郑淑霞,王扬,等.羊草的地上-地下功能性状对氮磷施肥梯度的响应及关联[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(1):36-47.
[2]刘晓星,吕光辉,杨晓东,等.艾比湖流域5种土壤类型的酶活性和理化性质[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(4):579-585.
[3]杨晓晖,王葆芳,江泽平.乌兰布和沙漠东北缘三种豆科绿肥植物生物量和养分含量及其对土壤肥力的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(10):1134-1138.
[4]Arens S J T,Sullivan P F,Welker J M.Nonlinear responses to nitrogen and strong interactions with nitrogen and phosphorus additions drastically alter the structure and function of a high arctic ecosystem[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2008,113(G3):335-342.
[5]Elser J J,Bracken M E S,Cleland E E,et al.Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater,marine and terrestrial ecosystems[J].Ecology Letters,2007,10(12):1135-1142.
[6]霍中洋,葛鑫,张洪程,等.施氮方式对不同专用小麦氮素吸收及氮肥利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(5):449-454.
[7]王东光,尹光天,邹文涛,等.氮素营养对闽楠幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(1):70-75.
[8]Klimesova J,Klimes L.Bud banks and their role in vegetative regeneration-a literature review and proposal for simple classification and assessment[J].Perspectives in Plant Ecology,Evolution and Systematics,2007,8:115-129.
[9]Ott J P,Hartnett D C.Vegetative reproduction and bud bank dynamics of the perennial grass andropogon gerardii in mixedgrass and tallgrass prairie[J].The American Midland Naturalist,2015,174:14-32.
[10]Ott J P,Hartnett D C.Bud bank dynamics and clonal growth strategy in the rhizomatous grass,Pascopyrum smithii[J].Plant Ecology,2015,216:395-405.
[11]Dalgleish H J,Hartnett D C.Below-ground bud banks increase along a precipitation gradient of the North American Great plains:A test of the meristem limitation hypothesis[J].New Phytologist,2006,171:81-89.
[12]Dalgleish H J,Hartnett D C.The effects of fire frequency and grazing on tallgrass prairie productivity and plant composition are mediated through bud bank demography[J].Plant Ecology,2009,201:411-420.
[13]Dalgleish H J,Kula A R,Hartnett D C,et al.Responses of two bunchgrasses to nitrogen addition in tallgrass prairie:the role of bud bank demography[J].American Journal of Botany,2008,95(6):672-680.
[14]Ott J P,Hartnett D C.Contrasting bud bank dynamics of two cooccurring grasses in tallgrass prairie:Implications for grassland dynamics[J].Plant Ecology,2012,213:1437-1448.
[15]Bond W J,Midgley J J.Ecology of sprouting in woody plants:The persistence niche[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2001,16:45-51.
[16]Qian J,Wang Z,Liu Z,et al.Belowground bud bank responses to grazing intensity in the inner-Mongolia steppe,china[J].Land Degradation&Development,2014,109:332-356.
[17]孙书存,陈灵芝.辽东栎芽库统计:芽的命运[J].生态学报,2001,21(3):385-390.
[18]Gill,A M.Stem and fires[M]//Gartner,B.L.ed,Plant stems:physiology and functional morphology.San Diego:Academic Press,1995:323-342.
[19]Harper J L.Population biology of plants[M].London:Academic Press,1977:892.
[20]张运春,苏智先,高贤明.克隆植物的特性及研究进展[J].四川师范学院学报:自然科学版,2001,22(4):338-342.
[21]闫永庆,刘兴亮,王崑,等.白刺对不同浓度混合盐碱胁迫的生理响应[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(10):1213-1219.
[22]Li Q,Xu J,Li H,et al.Effects of Aspect on Clonal Reproduction and Biomass Allocation of Layering Modules of Nitraria tangutorum in Nebkha Dunes[J].Plos One,2013,8(10):e79927-e79927.
[23]Wang N,Gao J,Zhang SQ,et al.Variations in leaf and root stoichiometry of Nitraria tangutorum,along aridity gradients in the Hexi Corridor,northwest China[J].Contemporary Problems of Ecology,2014,7(3):308-314.
[24]李蕴.基于稳定同位素技术的泡泡刺水分来源研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2014.
[25]Dombroskie S L,Tracey A J,Aarssen L W.Leafing intensity and the fruit size/number trade-off in woody angiosperms[J].Journal of Ecology,2016,104(6):1759-1767.
[26]Tolvanen A,Henry G H.Responses of carbon and nitrogen concentrations in high arctic plants to experimental warming[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,2001,79:711-718.
[27]Bonser S P,Aarssen L W.Allometry and development in herbaceous plants:functional responses of meristem allocation to light and nutrient availability[J].American Journal of Botany,2003,90(3):404-412.
[28]郇慧慧,胥晓,刘刚,等.不同分枝数对桑树幼苗生长发育的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):823-831.
[29]Duffy N M,Bonser S P,Aarssen L W.Patterns of Variation in Meristem Allocation across Genotypes and Species in Monocarpic Brassicaceae[J].Oikos,1999,84(2):284.
[30]赵钢,苏幸枝,石秀兰,等.施肥条件下柱花草生长早期构件生长规律的研究[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(6):32-35.
[31]祖艳群,李元,高召华,等.UV-B辐射对仙客来的生理效应[J].植物科学学报,2007,25(2):209-212.
[32]Cartelat A,Cerovic Z G,Goulas Y,et al.Optically assessed contents of leaf polyphenolics and chlorophyll as indicators of nitrogen deficiency in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Field Crop Res,2005,91(1):35-49.
[33]周永学,樊军锋,杨培华,等.奥地利黑松苗木根系与地上部分生长关系研究[J].陕西林业科技,2004,(1):6-9.
[34]詹书侠,郑淑霞,王扬,等.羊草的地上-地下功能性状对氮磷施肥梯度的响应及关联[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(1):36-47.