社会科学中的文化解释问题
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摘要
文化解释是社会科学哲学研究的核心问题之一。在进化模型中生物学家把自然选择机制视为是文化传递的动力学基础,但对于文化传递的认知机制并未给予应有的关注。认知人类学家基于"表征"概念,采用"自然化"的方式,为文化表征的传递构建了一种自然主义的认知解释。由此所形成的文化表征理论,使得社会科学研究能够在一种隐喻思维模式下,为社会-文化现象提供一种科学的因果解释。
The cultural explanation is one of the core problems in the research of the philosophy of social science.In the evolutionary models,the biologists regard the mechanism of natural selection as the dynamic basis of cultural transmission,but pay little attention to the cognitive mechanisms of cultural transmission. Based on the concept of"representation",the cognitive anthropologists construct a naturalistic cognitive explanation for the transmission of cultural representation in a"naturalized"way. The resulting theory of cultural representation enables the social science research to provide a scientific causal explanation for social-cultural phenomena under a metaphorical mode of thinking.
The cultural explanation is one of the core problems in the research of the philosophy of social science.In the evolutionary models,the biologists regard the mechanism of natural selection as the dynamic basis of cultural transmission,but pay little attention to the cognitive mechanisms of cultural transmission. Based on the concept of"representation",the cognitive anthropologists construct a naturalistic cognitive explanation for the transmission of cultural representation in a"naturalized"way. The resulting theory of cultural representation enables the social science research to provide a scientific causal explanation for social-cultural phenomena under a metaphorical mode of thinking.
引文
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[3]RICHERSON P,BOYD R.Not by genes alone:how culture transformed human evolution[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2005:3.
[4]TURNER S,RISJORD M.Philosophy of anthropology and sociology[C].Netherlands:Elsevier,2007:289.
[5]罗力群.进化社会科学导论[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2016:202.
[6]ATRAN S,MEDIN D,ROSS N.The cultural mind:environmental decision making and cultural modeling within and across populations[J].Psychological review,2005(4):744-776.
[7]SPERBER D.Explaining culture:a naturalistic approach[M].Oxford:Blackwell Publishing,1996.
[8]KRONENFELD D,BENNARDO G,DE MUNCK V,et al.A companion to cognitive anthropology[C].Oxford:Blackwell Publishing,2011.
[9]LEVINSON S,JAISSON P.Evolution and culture[C].Cambridge:MIT Press,2006.
[10]赵旭东.文化的表达:人类学视野[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009:367.
[11]SMELSER N,BALTES P.International encyclopedia of the social&behavioral sciences[C].Berlin:Elsevier Science Ltd,2010:2080.