末次冰期40ka以来阿拉善高原地区的环境演变与地貌演化
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摘要
阿拉善高原末次冰期(40ka)以来的环境演变研究是揭示中纬度沙漠的发展变化与物质来源的重要依据,为不同尺度区域乃至全球气候变化间的比较提供依据,进一步揭示气候要素的发展变化。目前已有大量的研究工作及成果见诸文献报道,但缺乏系统性的总结与对比分析,尤其是40ka以来的环境演变过程及其原因。本文通过对中西方已有文献的系统总结和对比研究,从末次冰期、全新世早、中、晚期的古气候变化记录、地貌演化记录及环境变化的原因、可能存在的问题等方面,分析了阿拉善高原地区末次冰期以来的环境演变历史。指出约40ka到末次盛冰期结束时的环境比现在湿润,之后至更新世结束环境普遍干旱,风沙活动增强;但是乌兰布和沙漠的环境演变与区域总体的变化结果不同,即整个末次冰期均表现为干旱的环境;全新世早期和中期环境普遍湿润,湖泊、植被等进一步发育,风沙活动弱,全新世晚期环境干旱,沙漠或进一步扩大。但是,腾格里沙漠全新世早期表现为干旱的环境,并且存在争议最大的是巴丹吉林沙漠全新世中期的干旱事件,这些问题仍需要进一步研究。此外,西风带、东亚季风在不同时期对研究区气候变化的影响不同,关于研究区与全球气候变化的具体关系的研究很少,缺少代表性事件的证据。沙源的研究结果存在不一致性,由于研究方法的局限性和地貌营力作用的复杂性,沙源的定性和量化分析具有一定的难度;沙丘的形态、分布与风的方向、能量具有相互指示性,适当的风能才是沙丘建造的关键;从气候变化的全球尺度分析,沙漠的形成普遍与冰期或者气候寒冷干燥时期相对应。
Study of environmental change in the Alashan Plateau since the last glacial period(40 ka)is an important basis not only for understanding the climate changes and sediment sources of the mid-latitude deserts in the Northern Hemisphere,but also for comparison of climate changes in different scales or global level,further revealing the evolution and change of climate factors.A large number of research and results have been reported in scientific literatures,but a systematic summary and comparison analysis has been absent,especially about environment changes of the plateau and reasons since the last glacial period.In this paper we reviewed the historical environmental evolution of the Alashan Plateau since the last glacial epoch through a systematic summary and comparative study of Chinese and Western literatures.It can be pointed out that from 40 ka to the end of the last glacial period,the climate in the plateau was wetter than that of today,and after the end of the Pleistocene the drought environment was prevailing,with aeolian activity enhancement.However,the environmental change in the Ulanbuhe Desert of the northwestern plateau is different from that of the holistic plateau,i.e.it showed a continue drought conditions during the whole last glacial period.The early and middle Holocene environment was generally humid in the plateau.With the further development of lakes and vegetation and the weakness of aeolian activity,the late Holocene environment was arid and the desert likely expanded.However,the early Holocene environment in the Tengger Desert was supposed to be arid,and the most controversial issue is about the existence of the drought events in the Badanjilin Desert during the middle Holocene.These problems need to be further researched.In addition,the westerly and the East Asian monsoon systems have different effects on climate change in the study area in different periods.Classic studies about the linkage of environmental changes between the Alashan Plateau and the global climate are still rare,especially lack of the representative evidence of environmental change's events.The study results about the aeolian sediment sources remain inconsistency,mainly due to the limits of the study methods and the complexity of geomorphologic agents.It is difficult to carry out qualitative and quantitative analyses on sediment sources.The morphology and distribution of sand dunes and the related direction and dynamics of the wind agent are mutually indicated,and proper wind energy is the key for construction of the aeolian dunes.Judged from the climate change in a global scale,the formation of sandy desert usually corresponds to the ice age or the cold and dry climate conditions.
Study of environmental change in the Alashan Plateau since the last glacial period(40 ka)is an important basis not only for understanding the climate changes and sediment sources of the mid-latitude deserts in the Northern Hemisphere,but also for comparison of climate changes in different scales or global level,further revealing the evolution and change of climate factors.A large number of research and results have been reported in scientific literatures,but a systematic summary and comparison analysis has been absent,especially about environment changes of the plateau and reasons since the last glacial period.In this paper we reviewed the historical environmental evolution of the Alashan Plateau since the last glacial epoch through a systematic summary and comparative study of Chinese and Western literatures.It can be pointed out that from 40 ka to the end of the last glacial period,the climate in the plateau was wetter than that of today,and after the end of the Pleistocene the drought environment was prevailing,with aeolian activity enhancement.However,the environmental change in the Ulanbuhe Desert of the northwestern plateau is different from that of the holistic plateau,i.e.it showed a continue drought conditions during the whole last glacial period.The early and middle Holocene environment was generally humid in the plateau.With the further development of lakes and vegetation and the weakness of aeolian activity,the late Holocene environment was arid and the desert likely expanded.However,the early Holocene environment in the Tengger Desert was supposed to be arid,and the most controversial issue is about the existence of the drought events in the Badanjilin Desert during the middle Holocene.These problems need to be further researched.In addition,the westerly and the East Asian monsoon systems have different effects on climate change in the study area in different periods.Classic studies about the linkage of environmental changes between the Alashan Plateau and the global climate are still rare,especially lack of the representative evidence of environmental change's events.The study results about the aeolian sediment sources remain inconsistency,mainly due to the limits of the study methods and the complexity of geomorphologic agents.It is difficult to carry out qualitative and quantitative analyses on sediment sources.The morphology and distribution of sand dunes and the related direction and dynamics of the wind agent are mutually indicated,and proper wind energy is the key for construction of the aeolian dunes.Judged from the climate change in a global scale,the formation of sandy desert usually corresponds to the ice age or the cold and dry climate conditions.
引文
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