浙江省纺织染整企业废水中可吸附有机卤化物调查研究
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摘要
2012年,中国颁布了《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 4287—2012),新增了可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)的排放限值。在浙江省内选取了化纤布料、印染加工、棉麻纺织品、针织布料和丝绢纺织品生产及加工5类主流的纺织染整企业,对废水中的AOX浓度、来源和去向进行了调查。结果表明,5类企业外排废水AOX的质量浓度为0.606~5.402mg/L,均低于GB 4287—2012的AOX限值(12mg/L),其主要来源为生产过程中的染色工序。虽然废水中AOX已达标排放,然而大量有机卤化物却富集于剩余污泥中。好氧池剩余污泥中已吸附有机卤化物(AOX-S18)质量浓度为462.2~2 146.6mg/kg,印染加工、棉麻纺织品和针织布料生产及加工企业剩余污泥中AOX-S18均超过欧洲委员会(CEC)规定(500mg/kg),其中印染加工企业的最高浓度是CEC标准的4倍多。剩余污泥中的有机卤化物污染是今后浙江纺织染整行业需要重点关注的问题之一。
The national standard of"Discharge standards of water pollutants for the dyeing and finishing of textile industry"(GB 4287-2012)was revised in 2012 with the limitation(12 mg/L)of adsorbable organic halogens(AOX)added.The concentrations,origins and fates of AOX were investigated in chemical fabric,dyeing,signature cotton,knit fabric and tiffany industries of Zhejiang Province.Results showed that AOX mass concentrations in effluents of different industries ranged from 0.606mg/L to 5.402mg/L,all of which were less than 12mg/L.The AOX mainly originated by dyeing process.Although AOX in effluents could meet the standard of GB 4287-2012,a large amount of organic halogens was detected in the excess sludge.The mass concentrations of adsorbed organic halogens(AOX-S18)in excess sludge from aerobic tank ranged from 462.2mg/kg to 2 146.6mg/kg.AOX-S18 concentrations in dyeing,signature cotton and knit fabric industries were obviously higher than the standard(500mg/kg)released by Commission of the European Communities(CEC).Notably,the maximum AOX-S18 concentration in dyeing industry was over 4times of the CEC standard.The organic halogens pollution in excess sludge should be one of the most serious environmental problems in the dyeing and finishing textile industry of Zhejiang Province in the near future.
The national standard of"Discharge standards of water pollutants for the dyeing and finishing of textile industry"(GB 4287-2012)was revised in 2012 with the limitation(12 mg/L)of adsorbable organic halogens(AOX)added.The concentrations,origins and fates of AOX were investigated in chemical fabric,dyeing,signature cotton,knit fabric and tiffany industries of Zhejiang Province.Results showed that AOX mass concentrations in effluents of different industries ranged from 0.606mg/L to 5.402mg/L,all of which were less than 12mg/L.The AOX mainly originated by dyeing process.Although AOX in effluents could meet the standard of GB 4287-2012,a large amount of organic halogens was detected in the excess sludge.The mass concentrations of adsorbed organic halogens(AOX-S18)in excess sludge from aerobic tank ranged from 462.2mg/kg to 2 146.6mg/kg.AOX-S18 concentrations in dyeing,signature cotton and knit fabric industries were obviously higher than the standard(500mg/kg)released by Commission of the European Communities(CEC).Notably,the maximum AOX-S18 concentration in dyeing industry was over 4times of the CEC standard.The organic halogens pollution in excess sludge should be one of the most serious environmental problems in the dyeing and finishing textile industry of Zhejiang Province in the near future.
引文
[1]国家统计局普查中心.浙江纺织业的概况、特点、问题及建议[R].北京:国家统计局普查中心,2003.
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[3]SHARMA A,THAKUR V V,SHRIVASTAVA A,et al.Xylanase and laccase based enzymatic kraft pulp bleaching reduces adsorbable organic halogen(AOX)in bleach effluents:a pilot scale study[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,169(5):96-102.
[4]OSMAN W H W,ABDULLAH S R S,MOHAMAD A B,et al.Simultaneous removal of AOX and COD from real recycled paper wastewater using GAC-SBBR[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,121(7):80-86.
[5]RAMJAUN S N,YUAN Ruixia,WANG Zhaohui,et al.Degradation of reactive dyes by contact glow discharge electrolysis in the presence of Cl-ions:kinetics and AOX formation[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011,58(5):364-371.
[6]SAVANT D V,ABDUL RAHMAN R,RANADE D R.Anaerobic degradation of adsorbable organic halides(AOX)from pulp and paper industry wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(9):1092-1104.
[7]BAYCAN N,THOMANETZ E,SENGL F.Influence of chloride concentration on the formation of AOX in UV oxidative system[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,143(1/2):171-176.
[8]SALKINOJA SALONEN M,UOTILA J,JOKELA J,et al.Organic halogens in the environment:studies of environmental biodegradability and human exposure[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,1995,103(Suppl.5):63-69.
[9]MLLER G.Sense or no-sense of the sum parameter for water soluble“adsorbable organic halogens”(AOX)and“absorbed organic halogens”(AOX-S18)for the assessment of organohalogens in sludges and sediments[J].Chemosphere,2003,52(2):371-379.
[10]刘晓剑,常丽春,林秀军,等.纺织染整行业中AOX污染现状及来源分析[J].纺织导报,2012(6):127-129.
[11]陈荣圻.AOX与纺织品[J].印染,2009,35(22):48-51.
[12]EL HADJ T B,DOSTA J,TORRES R,et al.PCB and AOX removal in mesophilic and thermophilic sewage sludge digestion[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2007,36(3):281-287.
[13]王玉,徐勇军,方战强.印染污泥处理处置技术的研究进展[J].广东化工,2012,39(4):110-111.
[2]GONZALEZ P,ZAROR C.Effect of process modifications on AOX emissions from kraft pulp bleaching,using Chilean pine and eucalyptus[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2000,8(3):233-241.
[3]SHARMA A,THAKUR V V,SHRIVASTAVA A,et al.Xylanase and laccase based enzymatic kraft pulp bleaching reduces adsorbable organic halogen(AOX)in bleach effluents:a pilot scale study[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,169(5):96-102.
[4]OSMAN W H W,ABDULLAH S R S,MOHAMAD A B,et al.Simultaneous removal of AOX and COD from real recycled paper wastewater using GAC-SBBR[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,121(7):80-86.
[5]RAMJAUN S N,YUAN Ruixia,WANG Zhaohui,et al.Degradation of reactive dyes by contact glow discharge electrolysis in the presence of Cl-ions:kinetics and AOX formation[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011,58(5):364-371.
[6]SAVANT D V,ABDUL RAHMAN R,RANADE D R.Anaerobic degradation of adsorbable organic halides(AOX)from pulp and paper industry wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(9):1092-1104.
[7]BAYCAN N,THOMANETZ E,SENGL F.Influence of chloride concentration on the formation of AOX in UV oxidative system[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,143(1/2):171-176.
[8]SALKINOJA SALONEN M,UOTILA J,JOKELA J,et al.Organic halogens in the environment:studies of environmental biodegradability and human exposure[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,1995,103(Suppl.5):63-69.
[9]MLLER G.Sense or no-sense of the sum parameter for water soluble“adsorbable organic halogens”(AOX)and“absorbed organic halogens”(AOX-S18)for the assessment of organohalogens in sludges and sediments[J].Chemosphere,2003,52(2):371-379.
[10]刘晓剑,常丽春,林秀军,等.纺织染整行业中AOX污染现状及来源分析[J].纺织导报,2012(6):127-129.
[11]陈荣圻.AOX与纺织品[J].印染,2009,35(22):48-51.
[12]EL HADJ T B,DOSTA J,TORRES R,et al.PCB and AOX removal in mesophilic and thermophilic sewage sludge digestion[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2007,36(3):281-287.
[13]王玉,徐勇军,方战强.印染污泥处理处置技术的研究进展[J].广东化工,2012,39(4):110-111.