四种植物精油成分对枸杞棉蚜的生物活性
|
摘要
【目的】研究植物精油4种成分丁香酚(eugenol)、α-松油醇(α-terpineol)、肉桂油(cinnamon oil)和香茅油(citronella oil)对枸杞棉蚜Aphis gossypii的生物活性以及马来酸二乙酯和水杨酸乙酯对这些化合物对枸杞棉蚜毒力的影响,为无公害防治枸杞(Lycium spp.)害虫奠定科学基础。【方法】采用二项选择法测定上述4种精油成分(1%)对枸杞棉蚜无翅成蚜的驱避作用;玻璃管药膜法进行生物测定,评估这4种化合物及其与马来酸二乙酯或水杨酸乙酯的混合液对枸杞棉蚜成蚜的毒力;采用生物化学方法分析这些化合物处理后枸杞棉蚜成蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)的离体活性。【结果】α-松油醇(1%)对枸杞棉蚜无翅成蚜的驱避作用明显,1, 2和3 h的驱避率分别为58.1%, 58.6%和55.7%; 3 h时测试的4种化合物对枸杞棉蚜成蚜的驱避率由大到小依次为α-松油醇>香茅油>肉桂油>丁香酚。丁香酚对枸杞棉蚜成蚜的毒杀作用最强,处理4 h时的LC_(50)值为0.48 mL/L,肉桂油、α-松油醇、香茅油对枸杞棉蚜成蚜的LC_(50)值分别为1.23, 6.24和11.97 mL/L。对枸杞棉蚜成蚜的生物测定结果表明,马来酸二乙酯对香茅油、肉桂油、丁香酚和α-松油醇的增效比分别为2.75, 2.86, 1.78和1.56;水杨酸乙酯对香茅油、肉桂油、丁香酚和α-松油醇的增效比分别为3.41, 2.67, 2.00和1.89。毒力比结果表明,所测定的4种化合物对枸杞棉蚜的毒力相差49.9倍,丁香酚与马来酸二乙酯或水杨酸乙酯的混合液对枸杞棉蚜的触杀毒力最高。4种精油成分对枸杞棉蚜成蚜AChE和ATPase活性有不同的作用,丁香酚对AChE活性的抑制作用最强,但对ATPase活性表现为低浓度促进,高浓度抑制。【结论】α-松油醇对枸杞棉蚜驱避作用最好;丁香酚、α-松油醇、肉桂油和香茅油这4种精油成分对枸杞棉蚜的毒力相差很大;丁香酚与马来酸二乙酯或水杨酸乙酯混合后对枸杞棉蚜的毒力提高,具有进一步开发应用的潜力;所测精油成分对枸杞棉蚜离体AChE和ATPase活性有一定抑制作用。
【Aim】 This study aims to evaluate the biological activities of four components of essential oils, namely eugenol, α-terpineol, cinnamon oil and citronella oil, to the wolfberry aphid(Aphis gossypii), and the effect of diethyl maleate and ethyl salicylate on the toxicity of these compounds to A. gossypii, so as to provide a scientific basis for more effective and green ways to prevent and control insect pests of the Chinese wolfberry, Lycium spp. 【Methods】 The repellent activity of the above four component compounds of essential oils to apterous adults of A. gossypii originated from Chinese wolfberry were tested by dichotomous choice method. The toxicity of these compounds to A. gossypii adults was evaluated by the method of residual film in glass tube. The in vitro activities of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) and adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase) of A. gossypii adults treated with these compounds were tested by bicochemical analysis. 【Results】 α-Terpineol(1%) showed remarkable repellency to apterous adults of A. gossypii, with the repellent rates of 58.1%, 58.6% and 55.7% at 1, 2 and 3 h after treatment, respectively. The repellent rate of the four compounds against A. gossypii adults at 3 h ranked in the descending order as α-terpineol>citronella oil>cinnamon oil>eugenol. Eugenol showed the highest toxicity to A. gossypii adults, with the LC_(50)value of 0.48 mL/L at 4 h post treatment, while the LC_(50) values of cinnamon oil, α-terpineol and citronella oil to A. gossypii adults were 1.23, 6.24 and 11.97 mL/L, respectively. The bioassay results against A. gossypii adults showed that the synergistic ratios of diethyl maleate to citronella oil, cinnamon oil, eugenol and α-terpineol were 2.75, 2.86, 1.78 and 1.56, respectively, while those of ethyl salicylate to citronella oil, cinnamon oil, eugenol and α-terpineol were 3.41, 2.67, 2.00 and 1.89, respectively. The toxicity ratios showed that the toxicities of the four compounds to A. gossypii adults had 49.9-fold difference. Eugenol mixed with diethyl maleate or ethyl salicylate showed the highest contact toxicity to A. gossypii adults. The four compounds tested had different effects on the activities of AChE and ATPase of A. gossypii adults. Eugenol had an inhibitory effect on AChE activity, but enhanced the ATPase activity at low concentrations and inhibited the ATPase activity at high concentrations. 【Conclusion】 α-Terpineol has high repellent activity against A. gossypii adults. The toxicities of eugenol, α-terpineol, cinnamon oil and citronella oil against A. gossypii adults differ much. Eugenol after mixed with diethyl maleate or ethyl salicylate shows enhanced toxicity to A. gossypii adults and may be a potential agent for controlling aphids. The tested four components of essential oils have certain inhibitory effects on the in vitro activities of AChE and ATPase of A. gossypii adults.
【Aim】 This study aims to evaluate the biological activities of four components of essential oils, namely eugenol, α-terpineol, cinnamon oil and citronella oil, to the wolfberry aphid(Aphis gossypii), and the effect of diethyl maleate and ethyl salicylate on the toxicity of these compounds to A. gossypii, so as to provide a scientific basis for more effective and green ways to prevent and control insect pests of the Chinese wolfberry, Lycium spp. 【Methods】 The repellent activity of the above four component compounds of essential oils to apterous adults of A. gossypii originated from Chinese wolfberry were tested by dichotomous choice method. The toxicity of these compounds to A. gossypii adults was evaluated by the method of residual film in glass tube. The in vitro activities of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) and adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase) of A. gossypii adults treated with these compounds were tested by bicochemical analysis. 【Results】 α-Terpineol(1%) showed remarkable repellency to apterous adults of A. gossypii, with the repellent rates of 58.1%, 58.6% and 55.7% at 1, 2 and 3 h after treatment, respectively. The repellent rate of the four compounds against A. gossypii adults at 3 h ranked in the descending order as α-terpineol>citronella oil>cinnamon oil>eugenol. Eugenol showed the highest toxicity to A. gossypii adults, with the LC_(50)value of 0.48 mL/L at 4 h post treatment, while the LC_(50) values of cinnamon oil, α-terpineol and citronella oil to A. gossypii adults were 1.23, 6.24 and 11.97 mL/L, respectively. The bioassay results against A. gossypii adults showed that the synergistic ratios of diethyl maleate to citronella oil, cinnamon oil, eugenol and α-terpineol were 2.75, 2.86, 1.78 and 1.56, respectively, while those of ethyl salicylate to citronella oil, cinnamon oil, eugenol and α-terpineol were 3.41, 2.67, 2.00 and 1.89, respectively. The toxicity ratios showed that the toxicities of the four compounds to A. gossypii adults had 49.9-fold difference. Eugenol mixed with diethyl maleate or ethyl salicylate showed the highest contact toxicity to A. gossypii adults. The four compounds tested had different effects on the activities of AChE and ATPase of A. gossypii adults. Eugenol had an inhibitory effect on AChE activity, but enhanced the ATPase activity at low concentrations and inhibited the ATPase activity at high concentrations. 【Conclusion】 α-Terpineol has high repellent activity against A. gossypii adults. The toxicities of eugenol, α-terpineol, cinnamon oil and citronella oil against A. gossypii adults differ much. Eugenol after mixed with diethyl maleate or ethyl salicylate shows enhanced toxicity to A. gossypii adults and may be a potential agent for controlling aphids. The tested four components of essential oils have certain inhibitory effects on the in vitro activities of AChE and ATPase of A. gossypii adults.
引文
Bennis S,Cham F,Chami N,Bouchikhi T,Remmal A,2004.Surface alteration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by thymol and eugenol.Lett.Appl.Microb.,38:454-458.
Bradford MM,1976.A rapid and sensitive method for quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding.Anal.Biochem.,72(1/2):248-254.
Chang ST,Cheng SS,2002.Antitermitic activity of leaf essential oils and components from Cinnamomum osmophleum.J.Agric.Food Chem.,50:1389-1392.
Chuang YY,Hou RF,2008.Effectiveness of attract-and-kill systems using methyl eugenol incorporated with neonicotinoid insecticides against the oriental fruit fly (Diptera:Tephritidae).J.Econ.Entomol.,101(2):352-359.
da Camara CAG,Akhtar Y,Isman MB,Seffrin RC,Born FS,2015.Repellent activity of essential oils from two species of Citrus against Tetranychus urticae in the laboratory and greenhouse.Crop Prot.,74:110-115.
Ebling PM,Otvos IS,Conder N,2004.Comparative activity of three isolates of LdMNPV against two strains of Lymantria dispar.Can.Entomol.,136(5):737-747.
Gao XW,1988.Improved Ellman method for the determination of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides against the activity of AChE.Pesticides,27(1):50-58.[高希武,1988.改进的Ellman法测定有机磷酸酯和氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂抑制AChE的能力.农药,27(1):50-58]
García M,Donadel OJ,Ardanaz CE,Tonn CE,Sosa ME,2005.Toxic and repellent effects of Baccharis salicifolia essential oil on Tribolium castaneum.Pest Manag.Sci.,61:612-618.
Han QX,Huang SS,2009.The bioactivity of eugenol against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum.J.Chongqing Norm.Univ.(Nat.Sci.),26(3):16-19.[韩群鑫,黄寿山,2009.丁香酚对赤拟谷盗的生物活性.重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),26(3):16-19]
Jang YS,Yang YC,Choi DS,Ahn YJ,2005.Vapor phase toxicity of marjoram oil compounds and their related monoterpenoids to Blattella germanica (Orthoptera:Blattellidae).J.Agric.Food Chem.,53(20):7892-7898.
Jannet HB,H-Skhiri F,Mighri Z,Simmonds MSJ,Blaney WM,2001.Antifeedant activity of plant extracts and of new natural diglyceride compounds isolated from Ajuga pseudoiva leaves against Spodoptera littoralis larvae.Industr.Crops Prod.,14(3):213-222.
Ladd TL,Stinner BR,Krueger HR,1983.Eugenol,a new attractant for the northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae).J.Econ.Entomol.,76:1049-1051.
Li F,Han ZJ,Tang B,2003.Insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase and increased activity of esterase in the resistant cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii Glover.Acta Entomol.Sin.,46(5):578-583.[李飞,韩召军,唐波,2003.抗性品系棉蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶的变异.昆虫学报,46(5):578-583]
Lu YH,Yang T,Gao XW,2009.Establishment of baseline susceptibility data to various insecticides for aphids Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera:Aphididae) by the method of residual film in glass tube.Acta Entomol.Sin.,52(1):52-58.[鲁艳辉,杨婷,高希武,2009.禾谷绩管蚜和麦长管蚜玻璃管药膜法敏感毒力基线的建立.昆虫学报,52(1):52-58]
Makhaik M,Naik SN,Tewary DK,2005.Evaluation of anti-mosquito properties of essential oils.J.Scient.Industr.Res.,64(2):129-133.
Nenaah GE,2014a.Chemical composition,insecticidal and repellence activities of essential oils of three Achillea species against the Khapra beetle (Coleoptera:Dermestidae).J.Pest Sci.,87:273-283.
Nenaah GE,2014b.Toxic and antifeedant activities of prenylated flavonoids isolated from Tephrosia apollinea L.against three major coleopteran pests of stored grains with reference to their structure-activity relationship.Nat.Prod.Res.,28(24):2245-2252.
Nerio LS,Olivero-Verbel J,Stashenko E,2010.Repellent activity of essential oils:a review.Biores.Technol.,101(1):372-378.
Obeng-Ofori D,Reichmuth C,1997.Bioactivity of eugenol,a major component of essential oil of Ocimum suave (Wild.) against four species stored-product Coleoptera.Int.J.Pest Manag.,43(1):89-94.
Rao PJ,Kumar KM,Singh S,Subrahmanyam B,1999.Effect of Artemisia annua oil on development and reproduction of Dysdercus koenigii F.(Hem.,Pyrrhocoridae).J.Appl.Entomol.,123:315-318.
Sahaf BZ,Moharramipour S,Meshkatalsadat MH,2008.Fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Vitex pseudonegundo against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.).J.Asia-Pacific Entomol.,11:175-179.
Sakulku U,Nuchuchua O,Uawongyart N,2009.Characterization and mosquito repellent activity of citronella oil nanoemulsion.Int.J.Pharmac,372(1/2):105-111.
Samir AMA,Magdy IEM,Shawir MS,Hamdy KAT,2016.Chemical composition,insecticidal and biochemical effects of essential oils of different plant species from Northern Egypt on the rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae L.J.Pest Sci.,89:219-229.
Suthisut D,Fields PG,Chandrapatya A,2011.Contact toxicity,feeding reduction,and repellency of essential oils from three plants from the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) and their major components against Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum.J.Econ.Entomol.,104(4):1445-1454.
Tian BL,Liu QZ,Liu ZL,Li P,Wang JW,2015.Insecticidal potential of clove essential oil and its constituents on Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera:Psyllidae) in laboratory and field.J.Econ.Entomol.,108(3):957-961.
Xiao HM,Tu K,2008.Effects of Cymbopogon winterianus oil on two stored grain insect adults.Grain Stor.,37(3):8-11.[肖洪美,屠康,2008.香茅精油对两种主要储粮害虫的控制作用.粮食储藏,37(3):8-11]
Xie YJ,2013.Studies on Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder of Cryptomeria fortunei Essential Oil.PhD Dissertation,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan.1-166.[谢永坚,2013.柳杉精油化学成分及其对黑胸白蚁的毒杀活性研究.武汉:华中农业大学博士学位论文.1-166]
Xu HH,Zhao SH,1994.Insecticidal activity and effective components of cinnamon oil.J.South China Agric.Univ.,15(1):27-33.[徐汉虹,赵善欢,1994.肉桂油的杀虫作用和有效成分分析.华南农业大学学报,15(1):27-33]
Xu HH,Zhao SH,1995.The repellent effect and egg kill of five kinds of essential oils on stored grain pests.J.Chin.Cer.Oils Assoc.,10(1):1-5.[徐汉虹,赵善欢,1995.五种精油对储粮害虫的忌避作用和杀卵作用研究.中国粮油学报,10(1):1-5]
Yan L,Guo R,Li YJ,Li LL,Wei QR,Han YB,Liu MY,Ma XL,2017.Morphology and bionomics of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera:Aphididae) on Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarum).Acta Entomol.Sin.,60(6):666-680.[严林,郭蕊,李亚娟,李琳琳,卫琼茹,韩云帮,刘梦瑶,马秀莲,2017.枸杞棉蚜形态和生物学特性研究.昆虫学报,60(6):666-680]
Yang NW,Li AL,2007.Advances in the research of plant essential oils for pest control.Plant Prot.,33(6):16-21.[杨念婉,李艾莲,2007.植物精油应用于害虫防治研究进展.植物保护,33(6):16-21]
Yatagai M,Nishimoto M,Ohira KHT,Shibata A,2002.Termiticidal activity of wood vinegar,its components and their homologues.J.Wood Sci.,48(4):338-342.
Zhang C,Zhang HZ,Chang J,Li HP,2015.Toxicity and the effects of four pyrethroid insecticides on the activity of ATPase and GSTs in Aphis sp.Chin.J.Pest Sci.,17(2):235-240.[张丛,张海珠,常静,李海平,2015.四种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对枸杞蚜虫的毒力及对三磷酸腺苷酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性的影响.农药学学报,17(2):235-240]
Zhang RZ,Zhang R,2016.Aphids infested Lycium chinense Miller are Aphis gossypii Glover,Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and A.craccivora Koch.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,53(1):218-222.[张润志,张蓉,2016.宁夏危害枸杞的蚜虫种类为棉蚜,桃蚜和豆蚜.应用昆虫学报,53(1):218-222]
Zhou L,Li JL,Liu XY,Ma ZQ,Feng JT,Zhang X,2015.Effects of total alkaloids from Tripterygium wilfordii (Celastraceae) on the activities of neural enzymes and contents of neurotransmitters in larval Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae).Acta Entomol.Sin.,58(8):856-863.[周琳,李俊领,刘向阳,马志卿,冯俊涛,张兴,2015.雷公藤总生物碱对粘虫幼虫神经系统酶活性及神经递质含量的影响.昆虫学报,58(8):856-863]
Bradford MM,1976.A rapid and sensitive method for quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding.Anal.Biochem.,72(1/2):248-254.
Chang ST,Cheng SS,2002.Antitermitic activity of leaf essential oils and components from Cinnamomum osmophleum.J.Agric.Food Chem.,50:1389-1392.
Chuang YY,Hou RF,2008.Effectiveness of attract-and-kill systems using methyl eugenol incorporated with neonicotinoid insecticides against the oriental fruit fly (Diptera:Tephritidae).J.Econ.Entomol.,101(2):352-359.
da Camara CAG,Akhtar Y,Isman MB,Seffrin RC,Born FS,2015.Repellent activity of essential oils from two species of Citrus against Tetranychus urticae in the laboratory and greenhouse.Crop Prot.,74:110-115.
Ebling PM,Otvos IS,Conder N,2004.Comparative activity of three isolates of LdMNPV against two strains of Lymantria dispar.Can.Entomol.,136(5):737-747.
Gao XW,1988.Improved Ellman method for the determination of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides against the activity of AChE.Pesticides,27(1):50-58.[高希武,1988.改进的Ellman法测定有机磷酸酯和氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂抑制AChE的能力.农药,27(1):50-58]
García M,Donadel OJ,Ardanaz CE,Tonn CE,Sosa ME,2005.Toxic and repellent effects of Baccharis salicifolia essential oil on Tribolium castaneum.Pest Manag.Sci.,61:612-618.
Han QX,Huang SS,2009.The bioactivity of eugenol against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum.J.Chongqing Norm.Univ.(Nat.Sci.),26(3):16-19.[韩群鑫,黄寿山,2009.丁香酚对赤拟谷盗的生物活性.重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),26(3):16-19]
Jang YS,Yang YC,Choi DS,Ahn YJ,2005.Vapor phase toxicity of marjoram oil compounds and their related monoterpenoids to Blattella germanica (Orthoptera:Blattellidae).J.Agric.Food Chem.,53(20):7892-7898.
Jannet HB,H-Skhiri F,Mighri Z,Simmonds MSJ,Blaney WM,2001.Antifeedant activity of plant extracts and of new natural diglyceride compounds isolated from Ajuga pseudoiva leaves against Spodoptera littoralis larvae.Industr.Crops Prod.,14(3):213-222.
Ladd TL,Stinner BR,Krueger HR,1983.Eugenol,a new attractant for the northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae).J.Econ.Entomol.,76:1049-1051.
Li F,Han ZJ,Tang B,2003.Insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase and increased activity of esterase in the resistant cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii Glover.Acta Entomol.Sin.,46(5):578-583.[李飞,韩召军,唐波,2003.抗性品系棉蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶的变异.昆虫学报,46(5):578-583]
Lu YH,Yang T,Gao XW,2009.Establishment of baseline susceptibility data to various insecticides for aphids Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera:Aphididae) by the method of residual film in glass tube.Acta Entomol.Sin.,52(1):52-58.[鲁艳辉,杨婷,高希武,2009.禾谷绩管蚜和麦长管蚜玻璃管药膜法敏感毒力基线的建立.昆虫学报,52(1):52-58]
Makhaik M,Naik SN,Tewary DK,2005.Evaluation of anti-mosquito properties of essential oils.J.Scient.Industr.Res.,64(2):129-133.
Nenaah GE,2014a.Chemical composition,insecticidal and repellence activities of essential oils of three Achillea species against the Khapra beetle (Coleoptera:Dermestidae).J.Pest Sci.,87:273-283.
Nenaah GE,2014b.Toxic and antifeedant activities of prenylated flavonoids isolated from Tephrosia apollinea L.against three major coleopteran pests of stored grains with reference to their structure-activity relationship.Nat.Prod.Res.,28(24):2245-2252.
Nerio LS,Olivero-Verbel J,Stashenko E,2010.Repellent activity of essential oils:a review.Biores.Technol.,101(1):372-378.
Obeng-Ofori D,Reichmuth C,1997.Bioactivity of eugenol,a major component of essential oil of Ocimum suave (Wild.) against four species stored-product Coleoptera.Int.J.Pest Manag.,43(1):89-94.
Rao PJ,Kumar KM,Singh S,Subrahmanyam B,1999.Effect of Artemisia annua oil on development and reproduction of Dysdercus koenigii F.(Hem.,Pyrrhocoridae).J.Appl.Entomol.,123:315-318.
Sahaf BZ,Moharramipour S,Meshkatalsadat MH,2008.Fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Vitex pseudonegundo against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.).J.Asia-Pacific Entomol.,11:175-179.
Sakulku U,Nuchuchua O,Uawongyart N,2009.Characterization and mosquito repellent activity of citronella oil nanoemulsion.Int.J.Pharmac,372(1/2):105-111.
Samir AMA,Magdy IEM,Shawir MS,Hamdy KAT,2016.Chemical composition,insecticidal and biochemical effects of essential oils of different plant species from Northern Egypt on the rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae L.J.Pest Sci.,89:219-229.
Suthisut D,Fields PG,Chandrapatya A,2011.Contact toxicity,feeding reduction,and repellency of essential oils from three plants from the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) and their major components against Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum.J.Econ.Entomol.,104(4):1445-1454.
Tian BL,Liu QZ,Liu ZL,Li P,Wang JW,2015.Insecticidal potential of clove essential oil and its constituents on Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera:Psyllidae) in laboratory and field.J.Econ.Entomol.,108(3):957-961.
Xiao HM,Tu K,2008.Effects of Cymbopogon winterianus oil on two stored grain insect adults.Grain Stor.,37(3):8-11.[肖洪美,屠康,2008.香茅精油对两种主要储粮害虫的控制作用.粮食储藏,37(3):8-11]
Xie YJ,2013.Studies on Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder of Cryptomeria fortunei Essential Oil.PhD Dissertation,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan.1-166.[谢永坚,2013.柳杉精油化学成分及其对黑胸白蚁的毒杀活性研究.武汉:华中农业大学博士学位论文.1-166]
Xu HH,Zhao SH,1994.Insecticidal activity and effective components of cinnamon oil.J.South China Agric.Univ.,15(1):27-33.[徐汉虹,赵善欢,1994.肉桂油的杀虫作用和有效成分分析.华南农业大学学报,15(1):27-33]
Xu HH,Zhao SH,1995.The repellent effect and egg kill of five kinds of essential oils on stored grain pests.J.Chin.Cer.Oils Assoc.,10(1):1-5.[徐汉虹,赵善欢,1995.五种精油对储粮害虫的忌避作用和杀卵作用研究.中国粮油学报,10(1):1-5]
Yan L,Guo R,Li YJ,Li LL,Wei QR,Han YB,Liu MY,Ma XL,2017.Morphology and bionomics of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera:Aphididae) on Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarum).Acta Entomol.Sin.,60(6):666-680.[严林,郭蕊,李亚娟,李琳琳,卫琼茹,韩云帮,刘梦瑶,马秀莲,2017.枸杞棉蚜形态和生物学特性研究.昆虫学报,60(6):666-680]
Yang NW,Li AL,2007.Advances in the research of plant essential oils for pest control.Plant Prot.,33(6):16-21.[杨念婉,李艾莲,2007.植物精油应用于害虫防治研究进展.植物保护,33(6):16-21]
Yatagai M,Nishimoto M,Ohira KHT,Shibata A,2002.Termiticidal activity of wood vinegar,its components and their homologues.J.Wood Sci.,48(4):338-342.
Zhang C,Zhang HZ,Chang J,Li HP,2015.Toxicity and the effects of four pyrethroid insecticides on the activity of ATPase and GSTs in Aphis sp.Chin.J.Pest Sci.,17(2):235-240.[张丛,张海珠,常静,李海平,2015.四种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对枸杞蚜虫的毒力及对三磷酸腺苷酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性的影响.农药学学报,17(2):235-240]
Zhang RZ,Zhang R,2016.Aphids infested Lycium chinense Miller are Aphis gossypii Glover,Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and A.craccivora Koch.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,53(1):218-222.[张润志,张蓉,2016.宁夏危害枸杞的蚜虫种类为棉蚜,桃蚜和豆蚜.应用昆虫学报,53(1):218-222]
Zhou L,Li JL,Liu XY,Ma ZQ,Feng JT,Zhang X,2015.Effects of total alkaloids from Tripterygium wilfordii (Celastraceae) on the activities of neural enzymes and contents of neurotransmitters in larval Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae).Acta Entomol.Sin.,58(8):856-863.[周琳,李俊领,刘向阳,马志卿,冯俊涛,张兴,2015.雷公藤总生物碱对粘虫幼虫神经系统酶活性及神经递质含量的影响.昆虫学报,58(8):856-863]