秋水仙素诱导蚕豆及玉米根尖细胞染色体变异的研究
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摘要
为进一步了解秋水仙素对农作物根尖细胞染色体畸变的遗传毒害效应,以地方品种敏感型绿皮小粒蚕豆和饲用玉米为材料,研究不同浓度秋水仙素(0、0.01%、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%)及不同培养时间(24、48、72h)对2种作物染色体的畸变影响。结果表明:秋水仙素能诱发根尖膨大,当秋水仙素浓度为0.20%处理24h,蚕豆根尖膨大率100%;秋水仙素浓度为0.20%处理72h,玉米根尖膨大率65.8%;适当浓度秋水仙素(0.01%、0.05%)可促进蚕豆和玉米根尖细胞的有丝分裂,当浓度≥0.10%,反而抑制蚕豆和玉米细胞分裂。在染色体畸变类型中,微核最多,其次是染色体断片,最少是染色体桥。秋水仙素浓度0.20%,处理时间72h,蚕豆畸变率和玉米畸变率均最高,分别为11.92%和7.25%;秋水仙素浓度0.10%,处理时间72h,蚕豆染色体加倍指数最高为7.97%;秋水仙素浓度0.20%,处理时间24h,玉米细胞加倍指数最高为4.64%。
In order to further understand colchicine on genetic toxic effect on root tip cell chromosomal aberration of crops, Sensitive small Vicia faba and forage Zea mays were used as materials to research its mutation of the chromosomal aberration under the treatments of different concentration colchicine(0, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%) and different culture time(24 h, 48 h, 72 h) treatment. The results showed that root tip swelling was induced by colchicine. The induction rate of root tip swelling of Vicia faba was 100% under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 24 h, and the induction rate of Zea mays was 65.8% under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 72 h. Mitosis of Vicia faba and Zea mays was promoted by low concentration of colchicine(0.01%, 0.05%) and was inhibited at high concentration(0.10% and more). A few types of chromosome aberration were induced, the rate of micronuclei aberration was the highest and then chromosome fragment aberration followed, the induction rate of chromosome bridge was the lowest. The chromosomal aberration rate was the highest under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 72 hours, the aberration rate of Vicia faba and Zea mays were 11.92% and 7.25% respectively. The highest chromosome doubling index of Vicia faba appeared under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.10% and treating period 72 h, and the doubling index was 7.97%. The highest chromosome doubling index of Zea mays appeared under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 24 h, and the doubling index was 4.64%.
In order to further understand colchicine on genetic toxic effect on root tip cell chromosomal aberration of crops, Sensitive small Vicia faba and forage Zea mays were used as materials to research its mutation of the chromosomal aberration under the treatments of different concentration colchicine(0, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%) and different culture time(24 h, 48 h, 72 h) treatment. The results showed that root tip swelling was induced by colchicine. The induction rate of root tip swelling of Vicia faba was 100% under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 24 h, and the induction rate of Zea mays was 65.8% under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 72 h. Mitosis of Vicia faba and Zea mays was promoted by low concentration of colchicine(0.01%, 0.05%) and was inhibited at high concentration(0.10% and more). A few types of chromosome aberration were induced, the rate of micronuclei aberration was the highest and then chromosome fragment aberration followed, the induction rate of chromosome bridge was the lowest. The chromosomal aberration rate was the highest under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 72 hours, the aberration rate of Vicia faba and Zea mays were 11.92% and 7.25% respectively. The highest chromosome doubling index of Vicia faba appeared under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.10% and treating period 72 h, and the doubling index was 7.97%. The highest chromosome doubling index of Zea mays appeared under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 24 h, and the doubling index was 4.64%.
引文
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[9]王卓伟,余茂德,鲁成.桑树二倍体及人工诱导的同源四倍体遗传差异的AFLP分析.植物学通报,2002,19(2):194-200.
[10]杨晓玲,郭金耀.秋水仙碱诱发玉米变异特性的追踪研究.遗传,2003(6):700-702.
[11]李卓,沈彬,张竞秋.秋水仙素诱导黑麦根尖细胞染色体的畸变效应.麦类作物学报,2009,29(1):44-48.
[12]秦永燕,王静静,刘瑞祥,等.秋水仙素对玉米根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响.山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,26(3):59-61.
[13]陆伟东,田雪莲,卯霞,等.蚕豆5个地方品种在南盘江水微核实验中敏感度的比较.曲靖师范学院学报,2010,29(6):36-38.
[14]Shatskaya O A,Zabirova E R,Shcherbak V S. Autodiploid lines as sources of haploid spontaneous diploidization in corn. Maize Genet Coop Newslett,1994,68:51-52.
[15]岳尧海,张志军,路明,等.东北生态区玉米单倍体浸芽加倍效果的初探.作物杂志,2012(5):114-117.
[16]陈于和,秦素平,林小虎,等.秋水仙素对黑麦有丝分裂及多倍体诱导的影响.核农学报,2006,20(4):321-323.
[17]秦素平,张志雯,陈于和.硫酸铜对大麦根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响及其致畸效应.作物杂志,2007(4):41-43.
[18]王爱华,吴青青,杨澜,等.秋水仙素诱导黑喉石斛多倍体研究.西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(1):55-60.
[19]姜龙,南楠,慈佳宾,等.基于DH系的种质基础和秋水仙素浓度对玉米单倍体加倍效果的研究.玉米科学,2015,23(2):28-32.
[20]刘晓鑫,杨巍,慈佳宾,等.不同基础材料和秋水仙素浓度对玉米单倍体加倍率的影响.吉林农业大学学报,2015,37(2):136-140.
[21]孔素萍,曹齐卫,孙敬强,等.秋水仙素对大蒜茎尖试管苗四倍体的诱导.中国农业科学,2014,47(15):3025-3033.
[22]刘欢,高素萍,姜福星,等.二甲戊灵与秋水仙素离体诱导虎眼万年青多倍体发生的比较研究.核农学报,2014,28(11):1985-1992.
[2]Blakeslee A F,Avery A G. Methods of inducing chromosome doubling in plants:by treatment with colchicine. Journal of Heredity,1937,28(12):393-411.
[3]Bai R L,David G C,Pei X F,et al. Mapping the binding site of colchcinoids onβ-tubulin. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2000,275(51):40-43.
[4]王亚茹,邓高松,李云.秋水仙碱对微管蛋白的作用机制及其细胞效应研究进展.西北植物学报,2010,30(12):2570-2576.
[5]翟中和.细胞生物学.北京:高等教育出版社,1995:319-358.
[6]薛玺,徐香玲,李集临.秋水仙素(Colchicine)对植物细胞核异常分裂的影响.哈尔滨师范大学学报(自然科学版),1988(2):87-97.
[7]陈锦华,周力,高和平,等.秋水仙素诱导辣椒染色体结构变异初探.湖北农业科学,1995,17(6):53-55.
[8]唐锡华,张银屏.用显微分光光度术测定水稻根尖细胞核中DNA含量的分析.植物生理学通讯,1998,34(4):246-248.
[9]王卓伟,余茂德,鲁成.桑树二倍体及人工诱导的同源四倍体遗传差异的AFLP分析.植物学通报,2002,19(2):194-200.
[10]杨晓玲,郭金耀.秋水仙碱诱发玉米变异特性的追踪研究.遗传,2003(6):700-702.
[11]李卓,沈彬,张竞秋.秋水仙素诱导黑麦根尖细胞染色体的畸变效应.麦类作物学报,2009,29(1):44-48.
[12]秦永燕,王静静,刘瑞祥,等.秋水仙素对玉米根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响.山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,26(3):59-61.
[13]陆伟东,田雪莲,卯霞,等.蚕豆5个地方品种在南盘江水微核实验中敏感度的比较.曲靖师范学院学报,2010,29(6):36-38.
[14]Shatskaya O A,Zabirova E R,Shcherbak V S. Autodiploid lines as sources of haploid spontaneous diploidization in corn. Maize Genet Coop Newslett,1994,68:51-52.
[15]岳尧海,张志军,路明,等.东北生态区玉米单倍体浸芽加倍效果的初探.作物杂志,2012(5):114-117.
[16]陈于和,秦素平,林小虎,等.秋水仙素对黑麦有丝分裂及多倍体诱导的影响.核农学报,2006,20(4):321-323.
[17]秦素平,张志雯,陈于和.硫酸铜对大麦根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响及其致畸效应.作物杂志,2007(4):41-43.
[18]王爱华,吴青青,杨澜,等.秋水仙素诱导黑喉石斛多倍体研究.西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(1):55-60.
[19]姜龙,南楠,慈佳宾,等.基于DH系的种质基础和秋水仙素浓度对玉米单倍体加倍效果的研究.玉米科学,2015,23(2):28-32.
[20]刘晓鑫,杨巍,慈佳宾,等.不同基础材料和秋水仙素浓度对玉米单倍体加倍率的影响.吉林农业大学学报,2015,37(2):136-140.
[21]孔素萍,曹齐卫,孙敬强,等.秋水仙素对大蒜茎尖试管苗四倍体的诱导.中国农业科学,2014,47(15):3025-3033.
[22]刘欢,高素萍,姜福星,等.二甲戊灵与秋水仙素离体诱导虎眼万年青多倍体发生的比较研究.核农学报,2014,28(11):1985-1992.