南海柘林湾鱼类群落结构季节变动的研究
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摘要
为阐明南海柘林湾鱼类群落结构的动态变化,基于2011年4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2012年2月(冬季)对南海柘林湾拖网调查的数据,对柘林湾鱼类群落结构季节动态、鱼类营养级指数季节变化进行了初步分析。结果显示,各季节调查共捕获鱼类99种,底层鱼类占49.49%,暖水性鱼类占78.78%,肉食性鱼类占79.79%。各季节质量百分比和数量百分比优势种以拟矛尾■虎鱼(Parachaeturichthys polynema)、龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengeri)等为主。柘林湾鱼类资源密度和资源尾数密度最高季节为夏季,各季节鱼类个体体质量大多小于15 g。春、秋季鱼类组成相对丰富,冬季生物量优势度最高。柘林湾鱼类以中级肉食性和高级肉食性为主,年度平均营养级指数为3.478,属于中级水平,夏季高营养级鱼类平均体质量最高。
Based on the date collected by quarterly otter trawl surveys in Zhelin Bay from 2011 to 2012,we analyzed the fish species composition,resources structure and trophic level.A total of 99 fishes were collected during the surveys.The proportions of demersal fish,tropical fish,and carnivorous fish were 49.49%,78.78% and 79.79%,respectively.The composition of the dominant species of biomass and abundance percentages was similar,including Parachaeturichthys polynema,Harpodon nehereus and Johnius belengeri.The maximal biomass and abundance of fish were in summer in Zhelin Bay.The average body weight of fish in four seasons was less than 15 g.The composition of fish was more abundant in spring and autumn.The dominance of biomass of fish was the highest in winter.The feeding habit of fish in Zhelin Bay was mainly intermediate carnivorous and advanced carnivorous.The change of trophic level of four seasons was inconspicuously.The annual average trophic level index was 3.478 of intermediate level.It was in summerthat the average body weight of high trophic level fish peaked.
Based on the date collected by quarterly otter trawl surveys in Zhelin Bay from 2011 to 2012,we analyzed the fish species composition,resources structure and trophic level.A total of 99 fishes were collected during the surveys.The proportions of demersal fish,tropical fish,and carnivorous fish were 49.49%,78.78% and 79.79%,respectively.The composition of the dominant species of biomass and abundance percentages was similar,including Parachaeturichthys polynema,Harpodon nehereus and Johnius belengeri.The maximal biomass and abundance of fish were in summer in Zhelin Bay.The average body weight of fish in four seasons was less than 15 g.The composition of fish was more abundant in spring and autumn.The dominance of biomass of fish was the highest in winter.The feeding habit of fish in Zhelin Bay was mainly intermediate carnivorous and advanced carnivorous.The change of trophic level of four seasons was inconspicuously.The annual average trophic level index was 3.478 of intermediate level.It was in summerthat the average body weight of high trophic level fish peaked.
引文
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[18]单秀娟,孙鹏飞,金显仕,等.黄海典型断面渔业资源结构的季节变化[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):425-435.
[19]单秀娟,金显仕.长江口近海春季鱼类群落结构的多样性研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(1):32-40.
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[22]程济生,俞连福.黄、东海冬季底层鱼类群落结构及多样性变化[J].水产学报,2004,28(1):29-34.
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[25]JIN X,XU B,TANG Q.Fish assemblage structure in the East China Sea and southern Yellow Sea during autumn and spring[J].J Fish Biol,2003,62(5):1194-1205.
[26]JIN X S,TANG Q S.Changes in fish species diversity and dominant species composition in the Yellow Sea[J].Fish Res,1996,26(3/4):337-352.
[27]纪炜炜,李圣法,陈雪忠.鱼类营养级在海洋生态系统研究中的应用[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):878-887.
[2]乔永民,黄长江.柘林湾表层沉积物重金属分布及污染初步评价[J].海洋科学,2006,30(3):41-45.
[3]马继波,董巧香,黄长江.粤东大规模海水增养殖区柘林湾浮游细菌的时空分布[J].生态学报,2007,27(2):477-485.
[4]史赟荣,晁敏,全为民,等.2010年春季长江口鱼类群落空间分布特征[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(5):1141-1151.
[5]金显仕,邓景耀.莱州湾渔业资源群落结构和生物多样性的变化[J].生物多样性,2000,8(1):65-72.
[6]王雪辉,邱永松,杜飞雁,等.北部湾鱼类群落格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].水产学报,2010,34(10):1579-1586.
[7]陈嘉欣,区又君,廖银萍,等.北部湾雷州近海春、夏季鱼类群落结构初探[J].生态科学,2006,25(4):354-358.
[8]陈国宝,李永振,陈新军.南海主要珊瑚礁水域的鱼类物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2007,15(4):373-381.
[9]陈国宝,李永振.南海主要珊瑚礁科鱼类的组成与分布[J].南方水产,2005,1(3):18-25.
[10]汪振华,赵静,王凯,等.马鞍列岛岩礁生境鱼类群落结构时空格局[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6218-6226.
[11]汪振华,王凯,赵静,等.枸杞岛潮下带沙地生境鱼类群落结构和季节变化[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1332-1342.
[12]马彩华,游奎,李凤岐,等.南海鱼类生物多样性与区系分布[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(4):665-670.
[13]乔延龙,林昭进,邱永松.北部湾秋、冬季渔业生物群落结构特征的变化[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,26(1):100-104.
[14]CLARKE K R.Comparisons of dominance curves[J].J Exp Mar Bio Ecol,1990,138(1/2):143-157.
[15]任一平,徐宾铎,叶振江,等.青岛近海春、秋季渔业资源群落结构特征的初步研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2005,35(5):792-798.
[16]杜建国,陈彬,卢振彬,等.泉州湾海域鱼类多样性及营养级变化[J].生物多样性,2010,18(4):420-427.
[17]王迎宾,郑基,郑献之,等.舟山渔场禁渔线以外海域单拖网鱼类群落结构变动分析[J].南方水产科学,2012,8(1):8-15.
[18]单秀娟,孙鹏飞,金显仕,等.黄海典型断面渔业资源结构的季节变化[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):425-435.
[19]单秀娟,金显仕.长江口近海春季鱼类群落结构的多样性研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(1):32-40.
[20]AOYAMA T.The South China Sea fisheries(demersal resources)[M].Rome:UNDP and FAO,1973:59-67.
[21]王跃中,袁蔚文.南海北部底拖网渔业资源的数量变动[J].南方水产,2008,4(2):26-33.
[22]程济生,俞连福.黄、东海冬季底层鱼类群落结构及多样性变化[J].水产学报,2004,28(1):29-34.
[23]TANG Q S.Effects of long-term physical and biological perturbations on the contemporary biomass yields of the Yellow Sea ecosystem[M]∥Large marine ecosystems:stress,mitigation,and sustainability.Washington,D.C.:AAAS Press,1993:79-93.
[24]JIN X S.Seasonal changes of the demersal fish community of the Yellow Sea[J].Asian Fish Sci,1995,8:177-190.
[25]JIN X,XU B,TANG Q.Fish assemblage structure in the East China Sea and southern Yellow Sea during autumn and spring[J].J Fish Biol,2003,62(5):1194-1205.
[26]JIN X S,TANG Q S.Changes in fish species diversity and dominant species composition in the Yellow Sea[J].Fish Res,1996,26(3/4):337-352.
[27]纪炜炜,李圣法,陈雪忠.鱼类营养级在海洋生态系统研究中的应用[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):878-887.