基于“3S”技术的水库特征曲线复核——以柘林水库为例
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摘要
水库水位、库容是水库设计和运行管理中的重要指标,水库运行若干年后水库特征曲线可能发生变化,影响其调度运行的准确性。利用基于遥感技术的水体信息提取技术,提取了柘林水库死水位至正常蓄水位高程范围内的水面面积;利用RTK-GPS测量技术测量了库区局部高程,结合已有DEM和高程点,建立了数字高程三角网TIN,并提取了正常蓄水位至校核洪水位高程范围内的水面面积;整合两部分水位、面积数据,利用统计原理拟合了柘林水库死水位以上高程范围内的水位-面积曲线,并推算了其新的水位-库容曲线。经与原特征曲线比较,同水位下,新曲线整米级的水面面积平均比原曲线对应值大7.61%,库容平均比原曲线对应值大3.87%。新的水库特征曲线在经过水量平衡和实际运行检验后,可为柘林水库的防洪、发电调度提供可靠的基础资料。所采用技术方法能高效、准确地获取水库的特征曲线,且能节省较多成本,具有较广的应用前景。
Water level and storage capacity of a reservoir are the most important data in reservoir operation management. After several years' operation,the reservoir's characteristic curve may change,which will affect the accuracy of its operation. Taking the Zhelin Reservoir as an example,the paper uses the water body information extraction method based on remote sensing technology to get the areas of the Zhelin Reservoir between the dead and the normal storage level. Then elevations of local points are measured using real-time kinematic positioning GPS of Trimble 5800,combined with the existing DEM and elevation points,the Triangulated Irregular Network( TIN) is set up,and the water surface areas of the Zhelin Reservoir between the normal storage level and flood checking water level is get. Integrating two parts of data of water levels and their corresponding surface areas,the water level-area curve of the Zhelin Reservoir above the dead water level is fitted by statistical principles,and then the corresponding water level-storage capacity curve according to the water level-area curve is calculated. Compared with the original characteristic curve,the water surface area of the new curve at integer meter level is 7. 61% larger than the corresponding value of the original curve at the same water level,and the average value of the storage capacity is 3. 87% larger than the original curve. After the water balance and the actual running test,the new storage capacity curve can be regarded as reliable basic data for flood controlling and power generation operation of Zhelin hydropower station. The method of characteristic curve re-checking of a reservoir based on RS,GPS and GIS technology has great application prospects,because of its advantages of efficiency,cost saving,accuracy and reliability.
Water level and storage capacity of a reservoir are the most important data in reservoir operation management. After several years' operation,the reservoir's characteristic curve may change,which will affect the accuracy of its operation. Taking the Zhelin Reservoir as an example,the paper uses the water body information extraction method based on remote sensing technology to get the areas of the Zhelin Reservoir between the dead and the normal storage level. Then elevations of local points are measured using real-time kinematic positioning GPS of Trimble 5800,combined with the existing DEM and elevation points,the Triangulated Irregular Network( TIN) is set up,and the water surface areas of the Zhelin Reservoir between the normal storage level and flood checking water level is get. Integrating two parts of data of water levels and their corresponding surface areas,the water level-area curve of the Zhelin Reservoir above the dead water level is fitted by statistical principles,and then the corresponding water level-storage capacity curve according to the water level-area curve is calculated. Compared with the original characteristic curve,the water surface area of the new curve at integer meter level is 7. 61% larger than the corresponding value of the original curve at the same water level,and the average value of the storage capacity is 3. 87% larger than the original curve. After the water balance and the actual running test,the new storage capacity curve can be regarded as reliable basic data for flood controlling and power generation operation of Zhelin hydropower station. The method of characteristic curve re-checking of a reservoir based on RS,GPS and GIS technology has great application prospects,because of its advantages of efficiency,cost saving,accuracy and reliability.
引文
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[2]王润存.用水量平衡法修正中小型水库库容曲线[J].水文,1983(1):26-28.
[3]刘德忠.用水量平衡法率定水库库容曲线初探[J].水文,1992(S1):6-9.
[4]苏业助,洪为善.根据水量平衡原理修正水库库容曲线方法[J].人民长江,1999,30(12):39-41.
[5]陆桂华,王卫平,罗健.一种确定水库库容曲线的新方法[J].水文,1997(1):38-41.
[6]余赛英.NGD-60实时动态差分GPS测量系统在水库库容测量中的应用[J].水利科技,2001(3):32-34.
[7]李俊.GPSRTK技术测量水库库容曲线[J].人民珠江,2010(3):9,24.
[8]丁志雄.DEM与遥感相结合的水库水位面积曲线测定方法研究[J].水利水电技术,2010,41(1):83-86.
[9]刘东,李艳.基于遥感技术的鄱阳湖面积库容估算[J].遥感应用,2012(2):57-61.
[10]陈曦,裴毅,姚帮松,等.水位库容曲线的卫星影像测定方法研究[J].人民长江,2013,44(20):25-28.
[11]张莉芳,潘华海,单定军,等.基于遥感技术的柘林水库库容曲线复核[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(5):44-49,63.
[12]李纪人,黄诗峰.3S技术水利应用指南[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[13]唐海华,丁杰.河道型水库动库容问题初探[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2009,33(5):75-77.