摘要
以柠檬果皮为原料,研究超声波辅助水蒸气蒸馏提取柠檬精油的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,选取超声波功率、料液比、超声波时间及蒸馏时间为影响因素,以提取率为响应值,设计响应面试验;通过气相色谱—质谱法对柠檬精油的化学组分进行检测,采用扫描电镜对柠檬皮的微观结构进行观察。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:超声波功率320W、液料比15.51(mL/g)、超声波时间36min、蒸馏时间140min,提取率可达1.97%;柠檬精油中共鉴定出26种化学成分,占总成分的96.16%,主要成分为柠檬烯;扫描电镜观察表明,超声波显著破坏原料细胞结构,促进了精油的快速释放。该工艺与水蒸气蒸馏提取相比,提取率相近,但明显缩短了提取时间。超声波辅助提取柠檬精油是一种有效的提取方法。
Ultrasonic-assisted hydrodistillation extraction(UAHE)essential oil from lemon peel was investigated.On the basis of singlefactor test,response surface methodology was applied to optimize the parameters of extraction,including ultrasonic power,solvent to material ratio,ultrasonic time,and distilling time on the yield of essential oil.Meanwhile,the volatile composition was analyzed by GC-MS.In addition,the microscopic structures of material before and after various extraction methods are observed to clarify extraction mechanisms.The optimal extraction conditions were ultrasonic power of320 W,solvent to material ratio of 15.51(mL/g),ultrasonic time of 36 min,distillation time of 140 min.Under this condition,the oil yield was up to 1.97%.Totally 26 compounds were identified accounting for 96.16%,of which limonene was the major constituent.Scanning electron microscopy revealed that ultrasonic technique efficiently promoted the release of essential oil by breaking down the cell structure of lemon peel.Moreover,essential oil extracted by UAHE was quantitatively(yield)and qualitatively(chemical composition)similar to those obtained using hydrodistillation extraction.Therefore,UAHE essential oil of lemon would be an effective method.
引文
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