污水处理厂污泥资源化回收研究进展
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摘要
污水处理过程中产生大量的剩余污泥,其中含有丰富的碳、磷及金属等资源。污泥土地利用、垃圾填埋和焚烧等传统的处理方式不能有效地回收利用这些资源,这给污泥资源化回收处理技术的发展提供了机会。污泥资源化回收处理在降低污泥污染物的同时,使其成为可利用的资源。研究总结了污泥中碳、营养元素磷、金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As、Cr和Ni)等资源的回收潜力及国内外污泥回收处理技术,对碳的回收技术(热处理法和厌氧消化法),磷的回收技术(鸟粪石结晶法、磷酸钙沉淀法和湿化学法)与金属的回收技术(生物沥浸法、化学处理法和电动修复法)进行了论述。在此基础上,对污泥的资源化回收研究前景进行了展望,提出应进一步对污泥中磷或重金属的高效释放技术进行探索研究。
A large amount of excess sewage sludge is produced in the process of sewage treatment,which is rich in carbon,phosphorus and metals. The traditional treatment methods such as sewage sludge land use,landfill and incineration cannot effectively recycle these resources,which provides an opportunity for the development of sewage sludge resource conversion recovery treatment technology. Sewage sludge resource conversion recovery treatment not only reduces sludge pollutants,but also makes them become available resources. The recovery potential of carbon,nutrient element phosphorus,metal( Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As,Cr,and Ni) in sewage sludge and its resource conversion recovery technology at home and abroad are summarized and carbon recovery technologies( heat treatment and anaerobic digestion),phosphorus recovery technology( streptite crystallization method,calcium phosphate precipitation method and wet chemistry methon) and metal recovery technology( bioleaching method,chemical treatment method and electric remediation method) are discussed. On this basis,the prospects of sewage sludge resource conversion recovery are prospected and it is suggested that the high efficient release technology of phosphorus or heavy metals in sewage sludge should be further explored and studied.
A large amount of excess sewage sludge is produced in the process of sewage treatment,which is rich in carbon,phosphorus and metals. The traditional treatment methods such as sewage sludge land use,landfill and incineration cannot effectively recycle these resources,which provides an opportunity for the development of sewage sludge resource conversion recovery treatment technology. Sewage sludge resource conversion recovery treatment not only reduces sludge pollutants,but also makes them become available resources. The recovery potential of carbon,nutrient element phosphorus,metal( Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As,Cr,and Ni) in sewage sludge and its resource conversion recovery technology at home and abroad are summarized and carbon recovery technologies( heat treatment and anaerobic digestion),phosphorus recovery technology( streptite crystallization method,calcium phosphate precipitation method and wet chemistry methon) and metal recovery technology( bioleaching method,chemical treatment method and electric remediation method) are discussed. On this basis,the prospects of sewage sludge resource conversion recovery are prospected and it is suggested that the high efficient release technology of phosphorus or heavy metals in sewage sludge should be further explored and studied.
引文
[1]EDWARDS J,OTHMAN M,CROSSIN E,et al.Anaerobic co-digestion of municipal food waste and sewage sludge:A comparative life cycle assessment in the context of a waste service provision[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,223:237-249.
[2]中华人民共和国环境保护部.2013年中国环境现状公报[EB/OL].2014-06-05.http://jcs.mep.Gov.cn/hjzl/zkgb/2013zkgb.
[3]HONG J L,HONG J M,OTAKI M,et al.Environmental and economic life cycle assessment for sewage sludge treatment processes in Japan[J].Waste Management,2009,29(2):696-703.
[4]GIUSTI L.A review of waste management practices and their impact on human health[J].Waste Management,2009,29(8):2227-2239.
[5]张璇.污水处理厂污泥中磷回收的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(4):2168-2171.
[6]PATHAK A,DASTIDAR M G,SREEKRISHNAN TR.Bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge:a review[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90(8):2343-2353.
[7]TSUNEDA S,MIYAUCHI R,OHNO T,et al.Characterization of denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in activated sludge based on nitrite reductase gene[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2005,99(4):403-407.
[8]张友萍,刘东方,王国英.城市污水处理厂剩余污泥作碳源回收研究[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(21):128-131.
[9]VARDON D R,SHARMA B K,SCOTT J,et al.Chemical properties of biocrude oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina algae,swine manure,and digested anaerobic sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(17):8295-8303.
[10]MULCHANDANI A,WESTERHOFF P.Recovery opportunities for metals and energy from sewage sludges[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,215:215-226.
[11]梅翔,陈林,王照,等.城市污泥中磷的释放与回收[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(1):80-84.
[12]CORDELL D,DRANGERT J O,WHITE S.The story of phosphorus:global food security and food for thought[J].Global Environmental Change,2009,19(2):292-305.
[13]RITTMANN B E,MAYER B,WESTERHOFF P,et al.Capturing the lost phosphorus[J].Chemosphere,2011,84(6):846-853.
[14]FISCHER F,BASTIAN C,HAPPE M,et al.Microbial fuel cell enables phosphate recovery from digested sewage sludge as struvite[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5824-5830.
[15]PIJUAN M,GUISASOLA A,BAEZA J A,et al.Aerobic phosphorus release linked to acetate uptake:Influence of PAO intracellular storage compounds[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2005,26(2/3):184-190.
[16]郝晓地.可持续污水-废物处理技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[17]裴冬冬.基于双层双阳极装畳的电动去除和回收城市巧泥中重金属的研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2017.
[18]WANG K G,ZHENG Y,ZHU X F,et al.Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of wastewater sewage sludge-Amicro-pyrolysis study[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,232:229-234.
[19]WANG Q L,WEI W,GONG Y Y,et al.Technologies for reducing sludge production in wastewater treatment plants:State of the art[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,587-588:510-521.
[20]JIN J W,WANG M Y,CAO Y C,et al.Cumulative effects of bamboo sawdust addition on pyrolysis of sewage sludge:Biochar properties and environmental risk from metals[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,228:218-226.
[21]QIAN LI L,WANG S Z,SAVAGE P E.Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge under isothermal and fast conditions[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,232:27-34.
[22]MULCHANDANI A,WESTERHOFF P.Recovery opportunities for metals and energy from sewage sludges[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,215:215-226.
[23]TAO B,DONNELLY J,OLIVEIRA I,et al.Enhancement of microbial density and methane production in advanced anaerobic digestion of secondary sewage sludge by continuous removal of ammonia[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,232:380-388.
[24]BUDZIANOWSKI W M.A review of potential innovations for production,conditioning and utilization of biogas with multiple-criteria assessment[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,54(14):1148-1171.
[25]CHERNICHARO C A L,LIER J B V,NOYOLA A,et al.Anaerobic sewage treatment:state of the art,constraints and challenges[J].Reviews in Environmental Science&Bio/technology,2015,14(4):649-679.
[26]戴晓虎.我国城市污泥处理处置现状及机遇[J].建设科技,2011(19):55-59.
[27]孙通,李明星,李莉,等.餐厨油脂与低热值污泥联合厌氧消化产气[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(6):3899-3906.
[28]胡萍,严群,宋任涛,等.蓝藻与污泥混合厌氧发酵产沼气的初步研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(3):559-563.
[29]XIE S H,HAI F I,ZHAN X M,et al.Anaerobic co-digestion:A critical review of mathematical modelling for performance optimization[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,222:498-512.
[30]付胜涛,于水利,严晓菊,等.剩余活性污泥和厨余垃圾的混合中温厌氧消化[J].环境科学,2006,27(7):1459-1463.
[31]ROMERO-GüIZA M S,VILA J,MATA-ALVAREZJ,et al.The role of additives on anaerobic digestion:A review[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,58:1486-1499.
[32]李咏梅,平倩,马璐艳.鸟粪石成粒法回收污泥液中的磷及颗粒品质表征[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(6):0912-0917.
[33]吴健,平倩,李咏梅.鸟粪石结晶成粒技术回收污泥液中磷的中试研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):941-947.
[34]STRATFUL I,SCRIMSHAW M D,LESTER J N.Conditions influencing the precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate[J].Water Research,2001,35(17):4191-4199.
[35]LEE S I,WEON S Y,LEE C W,et al.Removal of nitrogen and phosphate from wastewater by addition of bittern[J].Chemosphere,2003,51(4):265-271.
[36]HAO X D,WANG C C,LAN L,et al.Struvite formation,analytical methods and effects of p H and Ca2+[J].Water Science&Technology,2008,58(8):1687-1692.
[37]郝晓地,衣兰凯,王崇臣,等.磷回收技术的研发现状及发展趋势[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):897-907.
[38]JAFFER Y,CLARK T A,PEARCE P,et al.Potential phosphorus recovery by struvite formation[J].Water Research,2002,36(7):1834-1842.
[39]XUE T,HUANG X.Releasing characteristics of phosphorus and other substances during thermal treatment of excess sludge[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(10):1153-1158.
[40]谷彩霞,张超杰,李咏梅,等.牛骨粉为晶种的磷酸钙结晶法回收污泥发酵液中磷[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(7):3127-3133.
[41]ERDINCLER A,SEYHAN L D.Agricultural use of municipal wastewater sludges:phosphorus availability of biological excess phosphorus removal sludges[J].Water Science and Technology,2006,54:131-138.
[42]BAUER P J,SZOGI A A,VANOTTI M B.Agronomic effectiveness of calcium phosphate recovered from liquid swine manure[J].Agronomy Journal,2007,99(5):1352-1356.
[43]WEIGAND H,BERTAU M,HüBNER W,et al.RecoPhos:Full-scale fertilizer production from sewage sludge ash[J].Waste Management,2013,33(3):540-544.
[44]KALMYKOVA Y,FEDJE K K.Phosphorus recovery from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[J].Waste Management,2013,33(6):1403-1410.
[45]裴冬冬,鲁聪立,杨韦玲,等.柠檬酸强化电动去除和回收污泥中的重金属[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(6):3789-3796.
[46]GU T,RASTEGAR S O,MOUSAVI S M,et al.Advances in bioleaching for recovery of metals and bioremediation of fuel ash and sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,261:428-440.
[47]曾祥峰,于晓曼,王祖伟,等.城市污泥中重金属的去除与回收试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(19):81-84.
[48]彭桂群,田光明.采用电动修复增强技术去除电镀污泥中重金属[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(3):349-356.
[2]中华人民共和国环境保护部.2013年中国环境现状公报[EB/OL].2014-06-05.http://jcs.mep.Gov.cn/hjzl/zkgb/2013zkgb.
[3]HONG J L,HONG J M,OTAKI M,et al.Environmental and economic life cycle assessment for sewage sludge treatment processes in Japan[J].Waste Management,2009,29(2):696-703.
[4]GIUSTI L.A review of waste management practices and their impact on human health[J].Waste Management,2009,29(8):2227-2239.
[5]张璇.污水处理厂污泥中磷回收的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(4):2168-2171.
[6]PATHAK A,DASTIDAR M G,SREEKRISHNAN TR.Bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge:a review[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90(8):2343-2353.
[7]TSUNEDA S,MIYAUCHI R,OHNO T,et al.Characterization of denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in activated sludge based on nitrite reductase gene[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2005,99(4):403-407.
[8]张友萍,刘东方,王国英.城市污水处理厂剩余污泥作碳源回收研究[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(21):128-131.
[9]VARDON D R,SHARMA B K,SCOTT J,et al.Chemical properties of biocrude oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina algae,swine manure,and digested anaerobic sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(17):8295-8303.
[10]MULCHANDANI A,WESTERHOFF P.Recovery opportunities for metals and energy from sewage sludges[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,215:215-226.
[11]梅翔,陈林,王照,等.城市污泥中磷的释放与回收[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(1):80-84.
[12]CORDELL D,DRANGERT J O,WHITE S.The story of phosphorus:global food security and food for thought[J].Global Environmental Change,2009,19(2):292-305.
[13]RITTMANN B E,MAYER B,WESTERHOFF P,et al.Capturing the lost phosphorus[J].Chemosphere,2011,84(6):846-853.
[14]FISCHER F,BASTIAN C,HAPPE M,et al.Microbial fuel cell enables phosphate recovery from digested sewage sludge as struvite[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5824-5830.
[15]PIJUAN M,GUISASOLA A,BAEZA J A,et al.Aerobic phosphorus release linked to acetate uptake:Influence of PAO intracellular storage compounds[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2005,26(2/3):184-190.
[16]郝晓地.可持续污水-废物处理技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[17]裴冬冬.基于双层双阳极装畳的电动去除和回收城市巧泥中重金属的研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2017.
[18]WANG K G,ZHENG Y,ZHU X F,et al.Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of wastewater sewage sludge-Amicro-pyrolysis study[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,232:229-234.
[19]WANG Q L,WEI W,GONG Y Y,et al.Technologies for reducing sludge production in wastewater treatment plants:State of the art[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,587-588:510-521.
[20]JIN J W,WANG M Y,CAO Y C,et al.Cumulative effects of bamboo sawdust addition on pyrolysis of sewage sludge:Biochar properties and environmental risk from metals[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,228:218-226.
[21]QIAN LI L,WANG S Z,SAVAGE P E.Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge under isothermal and fast conditions[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,232:27-34.
[22]MULCHANDANI A,WESTERHOFF P.Recovery opportunities for metals and energy from sewage sludges[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,215:215-226.
[23]TAO B,DONNELLY J,OLIVEIRA I,et al.Enhancement of microbial density and methane production in advanced anaerobic digestion of secondary sewage sludge by continuous removal of ammonia[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,232:380-388.
[24]BUDZIANOWSKI W M.A review of potential innovations for production,conditioning and utilization of biogas with multiple-criteria assessment[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,54(14):1148-1171.
[25]CHERNICHARO C A L,LIER J B V,NOYOLA A,et al.Anaerobic sewage treatment:state of the art,constraints and challenges[J].Reviews in Environmental Science&Bio/technology,2015,14(4):649-679.
[26]戴晓虎.我国城市污泥处理处置现状及机遇[J].建设科技,2011(19):55-59.
[27]孙通,李明星,李莉,等.餐厨油脂与低热值污泥联合厌氧消化产气[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(6):3899-3906.
[28]胡萍,严群,宋任涛,等.蓝藻与污泥混合厌氧发酵产沼气的初步研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(3):559-563.
[29]XIE S H,HAI F I,ZHAN X M,et al.Anaerobic co-digestion:A critical review of mathematical modelling for performance optimization[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,222:498-512.
[30]付胜涛,于水利,严晓菊,等.剩余活性污泥和厨余垃圾的混合中温厌氧消化[J].环境科学,2006,27(7):1459-1463.
[31]ROMERO-GüIZA M S,VILA J,MATA-ALVAREZJ,et al.The role of additives on anaerobic digestion:A review[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,58:1486-1499.
[32]李咏梅,平倩,马璐艳.鸟粪石成粒法回收污泥液中的磷及颗粒品质表征[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(6):0912-0917.
[33]吴健,平倩,李咏梅.鸟粪石结晶成粒技术回收污泥液中磷的中试研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):941-947.
[34]STRATFUL I,SCRIMSHAW M D,LESTER J N.Conditions influencing the precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate[J].Water Research,2001,35(17):4191-4199.
[35]LEE S I,WEON S Y,LEE C W,et al.Removal of nitrogen and phosphate from wastewater by addition of bittern[J].Chemosphere,2003,51(4):265-271.
[36]HAO X D,WANG C C,LAN L,et al.Struvite formation,analytical methods and effects of p H and Ca2+[J].Water Science&Technology,2008,58(8):1687-1692.
[37]郝晓地,衣兰凯,王崇臣,等.磷回收技术的研发现状及发展趋势[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):897-907.
[38]JAFFER Y,CLARK T A,PEARCE P,et al.Potential phosphorus recovery by struvite formation[J].Water Research,2002,36(7):1834-1842.
[39]XUE T,HUANG X.Releasing characteristics of phosphorus and other substances during thermal treatment of excess sludge[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(10):1153-1158.
[40]谷彩霞,张超杰,李咏梅,等.牛骨粉为晶种的磷酸钙结晶法回收污泥发酵液中磷[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(7):3127-3133.
[41]ERDINCLER A,SEYHAN L D.Agricultural use of municipal wastewater sludges:phosphorus availability of biological excess phosphorus removal sludges[J].Water Science and Technology,2006,54:131-138.
[42]BAUER P J,SZOGI A A,VANOTTI M B.Agronomic effectiveness of calcium phosphate recovered from liquid swine manure[J].Agronomy Journal,2007,99(5):1352-1356.
[43]WEIGAND H,BERTAU M,HüBNER W,et al.RecoPhos:Full-scale fertilizer production from sewage sludge ash[J].Waste Management,2013,33(3):540-544.
[44]KALMYKOVA Y,FEDJE K K.Phosphorus recovery from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[J].Waste Management,2013,33(6):1403-1410.
[45]裴冬冬,鲁聪立,杨韦玲,等.柠檬酸强化电动去除和回收污泥中的重金属[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(6):3789-3796.
[46]GU T,RASTEGAR S O,MOUSAVI S M,et al.Advances in bioleaching for recovery of metals and bioremediation of fuel ash and sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,261:428-440.
[47]曾祥峰,于晓曼,王祖伟,等.城市污泥中重金属的去除与回收试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(19):81-84.
[48]彭桂群,田光明.采用电动修复增强技术去除电镀污泥中重金属[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(3):349-356.