天津于桥水库菹草的空间分布格局
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摘要
为及时了解春季水生植物的实际生长情况和客观反映水深对菹草(Potamogeton crispus)分布的影响,2014年4月4日和21日对天津市蓟县于桥水库的水生植物进行初步调查。利用GPS定位和google地图,在于桥水库库区内均匀设置30个采样点,采集以样点为中心、周边1 m2内的菹草并称量鲜重,对各采样监测点的水深情况进行测量。通过数据分析,发现菹草的总体分布水深在1.5~5.0 m,2次调查时于桥水库水位分别为19.00 m和18.86 m,计算得出菹草的分布区域高程为13.5~17.5 m(大沽)。对库区菹草生物量进行调查并采用Surfer软件制作其分布等值图,结果显示,库区北岸除峰山南区域(24、27号点)以外,菹草生物量总体较南岸大;其中桃花寺一带(12号点)菹草生物量最大,为4.978 kg/m2;菹草生长受水深和光照影响较大,水深超过5 m的区域,光照强度和水温均不能达到菹草石芽萌发的条件。在一定水深范围内其生物量与水深之间存在着较明显的负相关关系,对菹草生物量(y)和水深值(x)进行回归分析,拟合方程为:y=0.2092x2-2.5191x+7.5095(R2=0.8941)。
Potamogeton crispus,a perennial submerged species with a wide range of climatic habitats,is an important primary producer in freshwater ecosystems and provides good fodder for herbivorous fish. It not only absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus from the water,but also grows well in eutrophic lakes when other higher aquatic plants are rapidly degraded. However,overgrowth of Potamogeton crispus can degrade water quality,influence normal operation of water conservancy projects and even affect drinking water safety. In this study,we analyzed the aquatic plant community in Yuqiao Reservior,especially the spatial distribution of Potamogeton crispus. The reservoir is the only source of drinking water for Tianjin and is facing serious pollution and eutrophication. This study will help clarify the existing state of aquatic plants in Yuqiao Reservior and provide reference data for overgrowth of Potamogeton crispus and for controlling eutrophication in the reservoir. Thirty sites were selected in Yuqiao Reservoir using GPS and Google maps and the water depth of each sampling site was measured in advance. The fresh weight of Potamogeton crispus and the growth condition of other aquatic plants were investigated at 17 sampling sites near the bank of the reservoir on April 4,2014 and 13 sampling sites at the center of the reservoir on April 21. The biomass of Potamogeton crispus in one square meter at each sampling site was measured five times and the average value was calculated. The water level of Yuqiao Reservior during the first and second survey was 19. 00 m and 18. 86 m,respectively. Potamogeton crispus was found primarily in areas where the water depth was 1. 5-5. 0 m and the elevation 13. 5-17. 5 m. Based on the distribution map of Potamogeton crispus drawn with Surfer software( versions8. 0,Golden Software LLC),we found the biomass of Potamogeton crispus in the northern area( except at sampling site No. 24,No. 27) was higher than that in the southern area of Yuqiao Reservior. The highest value,4. 978 kg / m2,was observed in the Peach Blossom Temple area( sampling site No. 12). Our results indicate that water depth and light intensity greatly influenced the growth of Potamogeton crispus and there was a clear negative correlation between Potamogeton crispus biomass and water depth,within the range tested. The regression equation of water depth and biomass of Potamogeton crispus was y = 0. 2092x2-2. 5191 x + 7. 5095( R2= 0. 8941). In order to prevent and control the eutrophication caused by the overgrowth of Potamogeton crispus,it is suggested to raise water level and regulate the running time of high water level in Yuqiao Reservior.
Potamogeton crispus,a perennial submerged species with a wide range of climatic habitats,is an important primary producer in freshwater ecosystems and provides good fodder for herbivorous fish. It not only absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus from the water,but also grows well in eutrophic lakes when other higher aquatic plants are rapidly degraded. However,overgrowth of Potamogeton crispus can degrade water quality,influence normal operation of water conservancy projects and even affect drinking water safety. In this study,we analyzed the aquatic plant community in Yuqiao Reservior,especially the spatial distribution of Potamogeton crispus. The reservoir is the only source of drinking water for Tianjin and is facing serious pollution and eutrophication. This study will help clarify the existing state of aquatic plants in Yuqiao Reservior and provide reference data for overgrowth of Potamogeton crispus and for controlling eutrophication in the reservoir. Thirty sites were selected in Yuqiao Reservoir using GPS and Google maps and the water depth of each sampling site was measured in advance. The fresh weight of Potamogeton crispus and the growth condition of other aquatic plants were investigated at 17 sampling sites near the bank of the reservoir on April 4,2014 and 13 sampling sites at the center of the reservoir on April 21. The biomass of Potamogeton crispus in one square meter at each sampling site was measured five times and the average value was calculated. The water level of Yuqiao Reservior during the first and second survey was 19. 00 m and 18. 86 m,respectively. Potamogeton crispus was found primarily in areas where the water depth was 1. 5-5. 0 m and the elevation 13. 5-17. 5 m. Based on the distribution map of Potamogeton crispus drawn with Surfer software( versions8. 0,Golden Software LLC),we found the biomass of Potamogeton crispus in the northern area( except at sampling site No. 24,No. 27) was higher than that in the southern area of Yuqiao Reservior. The highest value,4. 978 kg / m2,was observed in the Peach Blossom Temple area( sampling site No. 12). Our results indicate that water depth and light intensity greatly influenced the growth of Potamogeton crispus and there was a clear negative correlation between Potamogeton crispus biomass and water depth,within the range tested. The regression equation of water depth and biomass of Potamogeton crispus was y = 0. 2092x2-2. 5191 x + 7. 5095( R2= 0. 8941). In order to prevent and control the eutrophication caused by the overgrowth of Potamogeton crispus,it is suggested to raise water level and regulate the running time of high water level in Yuqiao Reservior.
引文
陈洪达.1985.菹草的生活史、生物量和断枝的无性繁殖[J].水生生物学报,9(1):32-39.
陈小峰,陈开宁,肖月娥,等.2006.光和基质对菹草石芽萌发、幼苗生长及叶片光合效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,17(8):1413-1418.
陈正勇,王国祥,吴晓东,等.2011.不同水深条件下菹草(Potamogeton crispus)的适应对策[J].湖泊科学,23(6):942-948.
程君敏.2005.于桥水库环境现状与污染防治措施研究[D]天津:天津大学.
简永兴,王建波,何国庆,等.2001.水深、基质、光和去苗对菹草石芽萌发的影响[J].水生生物学报,25(3):224-228.
金送笛,李永函,倪彩虹.1994.菹草(Potamogeton crispus)对水中氮、磷的吸收及若干影响因素[J].生态学报,14(2):168-173.
金送笛,李永函,王永利.1991.几种生态因子对菹草光合作用的影响[J].水生生物学报,15(4):295-302.
李强,王国祥,潘国权,等.2006.水体浊度对菹草萌发及萌发苗光合荧光特性的影响[J].生态学报,26(11):3594-3601.
李源.2013.菹草的抑藻效应及其对富营养盐胁迫的抗性机制[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学.
任文君,田在锋,宁国辉,等.2011.4种沉水植物对白洋淀富营养化水体净化效果的研究[J].生态环境学报,20(2):345-352.
苏文华,张光飞,张云孙,等.2004.5种沉水植物的光合特征[J].水生生物学报,(4):391-395.
王斌,周莉苹,李伟.2002.不同水质条件下菹草的净化作用及其生理反应初步研究[J].武汉植物学研究,20(2)150-152.
王丽卿,李燕,张瑞雷.2008.6种沉水植物系统对淀山湖水质净化效果的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,27(3)1134-1139.
张晨,陈孝军,王立义,等.2011.于桥水库菹草过度生长对水质的影响及成因分析[J].天津大学学报,44(1):1-6.
Kadono Y.1982.Germination of the torsion of Potamogetocrispus[J].Physiol Ecol Japan,19(1):1-5.
Rogers K H.1980.Growth and reproduction of Potamogetocrispus in a South Africa Lake[J].Journal of Ecology,68561-576.
陈小峰,陈开宁,肖月娥,等.2006.光和基质对菹草石芽萌发、幼苗生长及叶片光合效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,17(8):1413-1418.
陈正勇,王国祥,吴晓东,等.2011.不同水深条件下菹草(Potamogeton crispus)的适应对策[J].湖泊科学,23(6):942-948.
程君敏.2005.于桥水库环境现状与污染防治措施研究[D]天津:天津大学.
简永兴,王建波,何国庆,等.2001.水深、基质、光和去苗对菹草石芽萌发的影响[J].水生生物学报,25(3):224-228.
金送笛,李永函,倪彩虹.1994.菹草(Potamogeton crispus)对水中氮、磷的吸收及若干影响因素[J].生态学报,14(2):168-173.
金送笛,李永函,王永利.1991.几种生态因子对菹草光合作用的影响[J].水生生物学报,15(4):295-302.
李强,王国祥,潘国权,等.2006.水体浊度对菹草萌发及萌发苗光合荧光特性的影响[J].生态学报,26(11):3594-3601.
李源.2013.菹草的抑藻效应及其对富营养盐胁迫的抗性机制[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学.
任文君,田在锋,宁国辉,等.2011.4种沉水植物对白洋淀富营养化水体净化效果的研究[J].生态环境学报,20(2):345-352.
苏文华,张光飞,张云孙,等.2004.5种沉水植物的光合特征[J].水生生物学报,(4):391-395.
王斌,周莉苹,李伟.2002.不同水质条件下菹草的净化作用及其生理反应初步研究[J].武汉植物学研究,20(2)150-152.
王丽卿,李燕,张瑞雷.2008.6种沉水植物系统对淀山湖水质净化效果的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,27(3)1134-1139.
张晨,陈孝军,王立义,等.2011.于桥水库菹草过度生长对水质的影响及成因分析[J].天津大学学报,44(1):1-6.
Kadono Y.1982.Germination of the torsion of Potamogetocrispus[J].Physiol Ecol Japan,19(1):1-5.
Rogers K H.1980.Growth and reproduction of Potamogetocrispus in a South Africa Lake[J].Journal of Ecology,68561-576.