中药寒热药性研究进展概述
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摘要
中药药性是中药理论的核心组成部分,是中医药学形成与发展的重要基础和关注的重点。中药药性研究被认为是中医药学术发展的关键问题,其反映了药物对人体阴阳盛衰、寒热变化的作用倾向。随着现代医学整体观思路的兴起,对中药药性理论的研究思路逐渐开阔,学科交叉和多种方法学被用于中药药性的研究中。文章基于数据挖掘与文献分析,以"中药药性"为关键词,在中国知网(CNKI)、万方与维普数据库进行文献检索,分析探索影响中药寒热药性研究的主要因素。文献研究显示,研究者采用了大量的方法和维度对中药药性进行了探究,如药理学、生物学、化学分析、数据挖掘、能量学等方法与手+段。基于大量药性研究的实验及临床实践,许多学者对中药寒热药性的辨识提出了自己的看法,然而受限于中药成分的复杂性,以及研究手段和技术条件的局限性,中药寒热药性研究进展缓慢。近年来,更多新技术手段被用于中药药性研究中,采用网络药理学和系统药物学的方法,对中药寒热药代谢通路进行的研究取得一定成效,对药物代谢、研发新药和预测药物有效性、安全性等方面发挥积极的作用。从分子结构和能量特性等要素出发研究分子结构与中药寒热药性的相关性,亦为中药药性研究开辟了新的角度和方法。
The property of Chinese herbal medicine is the core component of the theory of Chinese medicines and is the significant foundation and considerable key in the formation and development of the pharmaceutics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The research of the property of Chinese herbal medicine is regarded as the key issue in the academic development of TCM and it reflects the functions of drugs on the ups and downs of yin and yang and the changes of cold and heat.With the springing up of the holism in modern medicine,more approaches are adopted in the research of the property of Chinese herbal medicine,in which,the academic cross and the co-use of multiple methodologies are applied.In the paper,on the base of data mining and literature analysis,taking " property of Chinese herbal medicine" as key word,the relevant articles were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases and the major factors in the research of cold and heat properties of Chinese herbal medicine were explored.It was shown in the results that the researchers adopted a variety of methods and dimensions in the exploration of the property of Chinese herbal medicine,such as pharmacology,biology,chemical analysis,data mining and energetics.On the base of the experimental researches and clinical practice,many researchers proposed their own understandings on the identification of the cold and heat properties of Chinese herbal medicine.But,due to the component complex of Chinese herbal medicine,as well as the limitations of research means and technique conditions,the progress of the related research was retarded.In recent years,much more new technologies have been used in the research,in which,the network pharmacology and systematic pharmaceutics have been adopted.They result in the achievements in the study on the metabolic pathway of Chinese herbal medicine of the cold and heat properties and play the positive roles in the drug metabolism,the research and development of new drug as well as the prediction of the effectiveness and safety of drugs.Moreover,in view of the molecular structure and energy character,the study on the correlation between the molecular structure and the cold and heat property of Chinese herbal medicine opens up a new approach to the research of the property of Chinese herbal medicine.
The property of Chinese herbal medicine is the core component of the theory of Chinese medicines and is the significant foundation and considerable key in the formation and development of the pharmaceutics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The research of the property of Chinese herbal medicine is regarded as the key issue in the academic development of TCM and it reflects the functions of drugs on the ups and downs of yin and yang and the changes of cold and heat.With the springing up of the holism in modern medicine,more approaches are adopted in the research of the property of Chinese herbal medicine,in which,the academic cross and the co-use of multiple methodologies are applied.In the paper,on the base of data mining and literature analysis,taking " property of Chinese herbal medicine" as key word,the relevant articles were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases and the major factors in the research of cold and heat properties of Chinese herbal medicine were explored.It was shown in the results that the researchers adopted a variety of methods and dimensions in the exploration of the property of Chinese herbal medicine,such as pharmacology,biology,chemical analysis,data mining and energetics.On the base of the experimental researches and clinical practice,many researchers proposed their own understandings on the identification of the cold and heat properties of Chinese herbal medicine.But,due to the component complex of Chinese herbal medicine,as well as the limitations of research means and technique conditions,the progress of the related research was retarded.In recent years,much more new technologies have been used in the research,in which,the network pharmacology and systematic pharmaceutics have been adopted.They result in the achievements in the study on the metabolic pathway of Chinese herbal medicine of the cold and heat properties and play the positive roles in the drug metabolism,the research and development of new drug as well as the prediction of the effectiveness and safety of drugs.Moreover,in view of the molecular structure and energy character,the study on the correlation between the molecular structure and the cold and heat property of Chinese herbal medicine opens up a new approach to the research of the property of Chinese herbal medicine.
引文
[1]周珂.中药寒热药性及其毒副作用研究现状[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2015,22(4):129-132.
[2]肖小河.基于传统功效的中药寒热药性研究策论[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2013(1):9-15.
[3]Ung CY. Usefulness of traditionally defined herbal properties for distinguishing prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine from nonprescription recipes[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2007,109(1):21-28.
[4]姜淼.基于药物生物效应的中药寒热属性分类研究策略[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(11):2149-2152.
[5]孟紫强.生态毒理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:58.
[6]Fei Liang. Molecular network and chemical fragment-based characteristics of medicinal herbs with cold and hot properties from Chinese medicine[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2013,148(3):770-779.
[7]Xujun Liang. A novel network pharmacology approach to analyse traditional herbal formulae:the Liu-Wei-Di-Huang pill as a case study[J]. Molecular BioSystems,2014,10(5):1014-1022.
[8]李立.基于生物信息学方法探析补肺益肾方的分子网络及生物功能[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2015(4):773-778.
[9]Hansch C. A method for the correlation of biological Activity and chemical structure[J]. J Am Chem Soc,1964(86):1616-1626.
[10]Taft RW. Progress in physical organic chemistry[M]. New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc,1981:88.
[11]Blum DW. Determining chemical toxicity to aquatic species[J]. Environ Sci technol,1990(24):284.
[12]Blum DW. Quantitative structure-activity relationships for chemical toxicity tio environmental bacteria[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,1991(22):198-224.
[13]Wiegang C. Uptake,toxicity,and effects on detioxification enzymes of atrazine and trifluoroacetate in embryos of zebrafish[J]. Ecotoxic Environ Saf,2000,45(2):122-131.
[14]Briens F. Applicability of CATALYST in Ecotoxicology,a new promising tool for 3D-QSAR:study of chlorophenols[J]. Ecotoxic Environ Saf,1999,43(3):241-251.
[15]肖小河.从热力学角度审视和研究中医药[C]//中华中医药学会中医药学术发展大会. 2005.
[16]Zhao YL,Wang JB,Xiao XH,et al. Study on the cold and hot properties of medicinal herbs by thermotropism in mice behavior[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2011,133(3):980-985.
[17]肖小河,王伽伯,赵艳玲,等.药性热力学观及实践[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(16):2207.
[18]赵艳玲,肖小河,刘义.热力学理论在中医药研究中的应用与发展[J].解放军药学学报,2005,21(4):291-293.
[19]肖小河.中药药性研究概论[J].中草药,2008,39(4):481-484.
[20]贾子尧,林瑞超,郑虎占,等.中药四气现代研究进展[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2015(12):216-219.
[21]殷玉婷,李晓婉,董杨,等.中医药寒热本质的生物学基础研究进展[J]. Journal of Integrative Medicine,2012,10(12):1328-1335.
[22]李健.中药药性与蛋白质含量相关性研究[J].山东中医药大学学报,2009(3):181-183.
[23]隋峰,姜廷良.从机体TRP寒热感受环节挖掘中药四气的现代科学内涵[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(16):2501-2504.
[24]程薇薇.中药寒热药性的实验评价方法及物质基础研究[D].西安:西北大学,2010.
[25]王征,张宁,刘建利.采用两种细胞模型评价野菊花的寒热属性[J].中草药,2012,43(8):1586-1589.
[26]王征,刘建利,王翠玲,等.用两种细胞评价中药白薇寒热药性[J].中华中医药杂志,2016(4):1383-1385.
[27]成程.中药复方寒热药性的细胞学研究[D].西安:西北大学,2012.
[28]杨洪军.基于亲缘关系的中药药性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2008,33(24):2983-2985.
[29]梁非.中药寒热属性的生物信息学研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2013.
[30]金锐,张冰,刘小青,等.基于药性构成“三要素”数理分析模式的中药寒热药性生物学表征差异研究[J]. Journal of Integrative Medicine,2011,9(7):715-724.
[31]王艳艳.中药寒热药性与线粒体能量代谢关系研究[J].中医药信息,2013,30(4):48-50.
[32]王晓燕.中药药性物质基础研究中数学建模思路探讨[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2013,19(15):337-339.
[33]曹佳.基于化学成分关系药物网的亲缘植物药药性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(3):453-458.
[34]盛良.中药四气五味的量化[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2004,13(22):2943-2945.
[35]刘树民.基于系统生物学阐释中药药性理论科学内涵的研究思路与方法探讨[J].世界科学技术—中医药现代化,2008,2(10):12-16.
[36]任永申,王伽伯,赵艳玲,等.小鼠限食/低温游泳模型评价黄连、吴茱萸及其复方寒热药性[J].药学学报,2009(11):1221-1227.
[37]董丽雪.吴茱萸药性物质组群对虚寒证模型大鼠能量代谢的影响及机制研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2013.
[38]苟微,管冬元,方肇勤,等.黄柏等10味中药饮片药性的检测[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(12):2951-2953.
[39]黄嘉财.吴茱萸研究简史[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江中医药大学,2011.
[40]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(1部)[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:76.
[41]韩涛,章健.寒热药性刍议[J].光明中医,2014(6):1127-1128.
[42]郭增平,王鹏,滕佳林,等.丹参寒热药性考辨[J].山东中医药大学学报,2008,32(2):139-140.
[43]薛莎.丹参药性定量分析的实验研究[J].湖北中医杂志,1996,18(4):40-41.
[44]张廷模,王建.浅析中药药性“一药二气”说[J].时珍国医国药,2005(11):1153-1154.
[45]王鹏.中药四性理论构建及其现代研究方法学探讨[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2008.
[46]张德芹,高学敏,钟赣生,等.中药药性理论研究的现状、问题和对策[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(18):2400-2404.
[2]肖小河.基于传统功效的中药寒热药性研究策论[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2013(1):9-15.
[3]Ung CY. Usefulness of traditionally defined herbal properties for distinguishing prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine from nonprescription recipes[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2007,109(1):21-28.
[4]姜淼.基于药物生物效应的中药寒热属性分类研究策略[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(11):2149-2152.
[5]孟紫强.生态毒理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:58.
[6]Fei Liang. Molecular network and chemical fragment-based characteristics of medicinal herbs with cold and hot properties from Chinese medicine[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2013,148(3):770-779.
[7]Xujun Liang. A novel network pharmacology approach to analyse traditional herbal formulae:the Liu-Wei-Di-Huang pill as a case study[J]. Molecular BioSystems,2014,10(5):1014-1022.
[8]李立.基于生物信息学方法探析补肺益肾方的分子网络及生物功能[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2015(4):773-778.
[9]Hansch C. A method for the correlation of biological Activity and chemical structure[J]. J Am Chem Soc,1964(86):1616-1626.
[10]Taft RW. Progress in physical organic chemistry[M]. New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc,1981:88.
[11]Blum DW. Determining chemical toxicity to aquatic species[J]. Environ Sci technol,1990(24):284.
[12]Blum DW. Quantitative structure-activity relationships for chemical toxicity tio environmental bacteria[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,1991(22):198-224.
[13]Wiegang C. Uptake,toxicity,and effects on detioxification enzymes of atrazine and trifluoroacetate in embryos of zebrafish[J]. Ecotoxic Environ Saf,2000,45(2):122-131.
[14]Briens F. Applicability of CATALYST in Ecotoxicology,a new promising tool for 3D-QSAR:study of chlorophenols[J]. Ecotoxic Environ Saf,1999,43(3):241-251.
[15]肖小河.从热力学角度审视和研究中医药[C]//中华中医药学会中医药学术发展大会. 2005.
[16]Zhao YL,Wang JB,Xiao XH,et al. Study on the cold and hot properties of medicinal herbs by thermotropism in mice behavior[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2011,133(3):980-985.
[17]肖小河,王伽伯,赵艳玲,等.药性热力学观及实践[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(16):2207.
[18]赵艳玲,肖小河,刘义.热力学理论在中医药研究中的应用与发展[J].解放军药学学报,2005,21(4):291-293.
[19]肖小河.中药药性研究概论[J].中草药,2008,39(4):481-484.
[20]贾子尧,林瑞超,郑虎占,等.中药四气现代研究进展[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2015(12):216-219.
[21]殷玉婷,李晓婉,董杨,等.中医药寒热本质的生物学基础研究进展[J]. Journal of Integrative Medicine,2012,10(12):1328-1335.
[22]李健.中药药性与蛋白质含量相关性研究[J].山东中医药大学学报,2009(3):181-183.
[23]隋峰,姜廷良.从机体TRP寒热感受环节挖掘中药四气的现代科学内涵[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(16):2501-2504.
[24]程薇薇.中药寒热药性的实验评价方法及物质基础研究[D].西安:西北大学,2010.
[25]王征,张宁,刘建利.采用两种细胞模型评价野菊花的寒热属性[J].中草药,2012,43(8):1586-1589.
[26]王征,刘建利,王翠玲,等.用两种细胞评价中药白薇寒热药性[J].中华中医药杂志,2016(4):1383-1385.
[27]成程.中药复方寒热药性的细胞学研究[D].西安:西北大学,2012.
[28]杨洪军.基于亲缘关系的中药药性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2008,33(24):2983-2985.
[29]梁非.中药寒热属性的生物信息学研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2013.
[30]金锐,张冰,刘小青,等.基于药性构成“三要素”数理分析模式的中药寒热药性生物学表征差异研究[J]. Journal of Integrative Medicine,2011,9(7):715-724.
[31]王艳艳.中药寒热药性与线粒体能量代谢关系研究[J].中医药信息,2013,30(4):48-50.
[32]王晓燕.中药药性物质基础研究中数学建模思路探讨[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2013,19(15):337-339.
[33]曹佳.基于化学成分关系药物网的亲缘植物药药性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(3):453-458.
[34]盛良.中药四气五味的量化[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2004,13(22):2943-2945.
[35]刘树民.基于系统生物学阐释中药药性理论科学内涵的研究思路与方法探讨[J].世界科学技术—中医药现代化,2008,2(10):12-16.
[36]任永申,王伽伯,赵艳玲,等.小鼠限食/低温游泳模型评价黄连、吴茱萸及其复方寒热药性[J].药学学报,2009(11):1221-1227.
[37]董丽雪.吴茱萸药性物质组群对虚寒证模型大鼠能量代谢的影响及机制研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2013.
[38]苟微,管冬元,方肇勤,等.黄柏等10味中药饮片药性的检测[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(12):2951-2953.
[39]黄嘉财.吴茱萸研究简史[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江中医药大学,2011.
[40]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(1部)[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:76.
[41]韩涛,章健.寒热药性刍议[J].光明中医,2014(6):1127-1128.
[42]郭增平,王鹏,滕佳林,等.丹参寒热药性考辨[J].山东中医药大学学报,2008,32(2):139-140.
[43]薛莎.丹参药性定量分析的实验研究[J].湖北中医杂志,1996,18(4):40-41.
[44]张廷模,王建.浅析中药药性“一药二气”说[J].时珍国医国药,2005(11):1153-1154.
[45]王鹏.中药四性理论构建及其现代研究方法学探讨[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2008.
[46]张德芹,高学敏,钟赣生,等.中药药性理论研究的现状、问题和对策[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(18):2400-2404.