家蝇Mdsirt1基因在细菌、高温和重金属胁迫下的表达分析
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摘要
【目的】探究家蝇Musca domestica sirt1基因(Mdsirt1)在各种胁迫条件下的表达模式。【方法】以家蝇2龄幼虫cDNA为模板,PCR扩增Mdsirt1基因序列并进行生物信息学分析;实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测Mdsirt1在家蝇不同发育阶段(卵、1龄幼虫、2龄幼虫、3龄幼虫、蛹和成虫)的表达变化,2龄幼虫不同组织(表皮、肠道、脂肪体和血细胞)中的表达分布,以及胁迫条件(细菌刺激、热激及CdCl_2刺激)下的转录水平变化;通过RNAi干扰Mdsirt1基因表达,观察敲低Mdsirt1表达后家蝇幼虫抗病能力变化,并检测机体氧化应激水平。【结果】家蝇Mdsirt1基因编码蛋白含有SIR2结构域,与厩螫蝇Stomoxys calcitrans SIR2氨基酸序列一致性为66%。qRT-PCR结果显示,Mdsirt1基因主要在家蝇蛹期表达,在家蝇2龄幼虫脂肪体中表达量较高。家蝇幼虫Mdsirt1分别在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli刺激3 h,金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus刺激6 h,42℃热激30min以及30 mmol/L CdCl_2刺激48 h时表达量达到最高峰。敲低Mdsirt1表达的家蝇幼虫受到细菌感染(大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌1∶1混合感染)后存活率较对照组显著降低1.47倍,且敲低Mdsirt1后机体处于氧化应激状态,活性氧自由基水平和丙二醛含量较对照组分别升高1.58和1.59倍。【结论】Mdsirt1参与家蝇幼虫的抗菌免疫应答和抗逆反应。
【Aim 】 This study aims to explore the expression pattern of Musca domestica sirt1 gene(Mdsirt1) under various stress conditions. 【Methods】The sequence of Mdsirt1 gene was cloned by PCR from the 2 nd instar larvae of Musca domestica and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. The expression profiles of Mdsirt1 in different developmental stages( egg,1 st instar larva,2 nd instar larva,3 rd instar larva,pupa and adult),various tissues of the 2 nd instar larvae( cuticle,gut,fat body and hemocyte),and the 2 nd instar larvae under stresses( challenged by bacteria,heat shock and CdCl_2 stimulation) were investigated via quantitative real-time PCR( qRT-PCR). RNAi was employed to knock down the expression of Mdsirt1 in M. domestica larvae by microinjection with dsRNA,and then the resistance of larvae to bacteria and oxidative stress was detected. 【Results】The deduced protein encoded by Mdsirt1 contains a predicted SIR2 domain,and shows 66% sequence identity with SIR2 from Stomoxys calcitrans.qRT-PCR results showed that Mdsirt1 was mainly transcribed in the pupal stage and fat body of the 2 nd instar larvae of M. domestica. Enhanced expression of Mdsirt1 was observed in response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus challenge for 3 and 6 h,respectively. The expression of Mdsirt1 was significantly induced by heat shock of 42℃ for 30 min,and cadmium stimulation(exposure to 30 mmol/L CdCl_2) for 48 h. The survival rate observed in larvae treated with dsRNA of Mdsirt1 under bacterial challenge( E. coli∶ S. aureus = 1∶ 1) was 1. 47-fold lower than that treated with dsRNA of GFP. RNAimediated knockdown of Mdsirt1 led to oxidative stress,and caused rapid increase of 1. 58-and 1. 59-fold in the reactive oxygen species( ROS) level and malondialdehyde( MDA) content, respectively.【Conclusion】Mdsirt1 is involved in immunity and stress resistance in M. domestica larvae.
【Aim 】 This study aims to explore the expression pattern of Musca domestica sirt1 gene(Mdsirt1) under various stress conditions. 【Methods】The sequence of Mdsirt1 gene was cloned by PCR from the 2 nd instar larvae of Musca domestica and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. The expression profiles of Mdsirt1 in different developmental stages( egg,1 st instar larva,2 nd instar larva,3 rd instar larva,pupa and adult),various tissues of the 2 nd instar larvae( cuticle,gut,fat body and hemocyte),and the 2 nd instar larvae under stresses( challenged by bacteria,heat shock and CdCl_2 stimulation) were investigated via quantitative real-time PCR( qRT-PCR). RNAi was employed to knock down the expression of Mdsirt1 in M. domestica larvae by microinjection with dsRNA,and then the resistance of larvae to bacteria and oxidative stress was detected. 【Results】The deduced protein encoded by Mdsirt1 contains a predicted SIR2 domain,and shows 66% sequence identity with SIR2 from Stomoxys calcitrans.qRT-PCR results showed that Mdsirt1 was mainly transcribed in the pupal stage and fat body of the 2 nd instar larvae of M. domestica. Enhanced expression of Mdsirt1 was observed in response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus challenge for 3 and 6 h,respectively. The expression of Mdsirt1 was significantly induced by heat shock of 42℃ for 30 min,and cadmium stimulation(exposure to 30 mmol/L CdCl_2) for 48 h. The survival rate observed in larvae treated with dsRNA of Mdsirt1 under bacterial challenge( E. coli∶ S. aureus = 1∶ 1) was 1. 47-fold lower than that treated with dsRNA of GFP. RNAimediated knockdown of Mdsirt1 led to oxidative stress,and caused rapid increase of 1. 58-and 1. 59-fold in the reactive oxygen species( ROS) level and malondialdehyde( MDA) content, respectively.【Conclusion】Mdsirt1 is involved in immunity and stress resistance in M. domestica larvae.
引文
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Banerjee KK,Ayyub C,Ali SZ,Mandot V,Prasad NG,KolthurSeetharam U,2012.d Sir2 in the adult fat body,but not in muscles,regulates life span in a diet-dependent manner.Cell Rep.,2(6):1485-1491.
Chan SH,Hung CH,Shih JY,Chu PM,Cheng YH,Lin HC,Tsai KL,2017.SIRT1 inhibition causes oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease.Redox Biol.,13:301-309.
Chen X,Sun K,Jiao S,Cai N,Zhao X,Zou H,Xie Y,Wang Z,Zhong M,Wei L,2014.High levels of SIRT1 expression enhance tumorigenesis and associate with a poor prognosis of colorectal carcinoma patients.Sci.Rep.,4:7481.
Cheng HL,Mostoslavsky R,Saito S,Manis JP,Gu Y,Patel P,Bronson R,Appella E,Alt FW,Chua KF,2003.Developmental defects and p53 hyperacetylation in Sir2 homolog(SIRT1)-deficient mice.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,100(19):10794-10799.
Frescas D,Valenti L,Accili D,2005.Nuclear trapping of the forkhead transcription factor Fox O1 via Sirt-dependent deacetylation promotes expression of glucogenetic genes.J.Biol.Chem.,280(21):20589-20595.
Frye RA,1999.Characterization of five human c DNAs with homology to the yeast SIR2 gene:Sir2-like proteins(Sirtuins)metabolize NADand may have protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,260(1):273-279.
Gao Y,Tang T,Gu J,Sun L,Gao X,Ma X,Wang X,Liu F,Wang J,2015.Downregulation of the Musca domestica peptidoglycan recognition protein SC(PGRP-SC)leads to overexpression of antimicrobial peptides and tardy pupation.Mol.Immunol.,67(2 Pt B):465-474.
Geissmann F,Manz MG,Jung S,Sieweke MH,Merad M,Ley K,2010.Development of monocytes,macrophages,and dendritic cells.Science,327(5966):656-661.
Ghinis-Hozumi Y,Gonzalez-Gallardo A,Gonzalez-Davalos L,Antaramian A,Villarroya F,Shimada A,Varela-Echavarria A,Mora O,2011.Bovine sirtuins:initial characterization and expression of sirtuins 1 and 3 in liver,muscle,and adipose tissue.J.Anim.Sci.,89(8):2529-2536.
Gilmore TD,2006.Introduction to NF-κB:players,pathways,perspectives.Oncogene,25(51):6680-6684.
Gonfloni S,Iannizzotto V,Maiani E,Bellusci G,Ciccone S,Diederich M,2014.P53 and Sirt1:routes of metabolism and genome stability.Biochem.Pharmacol.,92(1):149-156.
Guarente L,2011.Franklin H.Epstein Lecture:sirtuins,aging,and medicine.N.Engl.J.Med.,364(23):2235-2244.
Guarente L,2013.Calorie restriction and sirtuins revisited.Genes Dev.,27(19):2072-2085.
Herranz D,Munoz-Martin M,Canamero M,Mulero F,Martinez-Pastor B,Fernandez-Capetillo O,Serrano M,2010.Sirt1 improves healthy ageing and protects from metabolic syndrome-associated cancer.Nat.Commun.,1:3.
Hoffmann J,Romey R,Fink C,Yong L,Roeder T,2013.Overexpression of Sir2 in the adult fat body is sufficient to extend lifespan of male and female Drosophila.Aging(Albany NY),5(4):315-327.
Howitz KT,Bitterman KJ,Cohen HY,Lamming DW,Lavu S,Wood JG,Zipkin RE,Chung P,Kisielewski A,Zhang LL,Scherer B,Sinclair DA,2003.Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan.Nature,425(6954):191-196.
Imai S,Armstrong CM,Kaeberlein M,Guarente L,2000.Transcriptional silencing and longevity protein Sir2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase.Nature,403(6771):795-800.
Ishikawa S,Li G,Takemitsu H,Fujiwara M,Mori N,Yamamoto I,Arai T,2013.Change in mRNA expression of sirtuin1 and sirtuin3in cats fed on high fat diet.BMC Vet.Res.,9:187.
Jang KY,Noh SJ,Lehwald N,Tao GZ,Bellovin DI,Park HS,Moon WS,Felsher DW,Sylvester KG,2012.SIRT1 and c-Myc promote liver tumor cell survival and predict poor survival of human hepatocellular carcinomas.PLo S ONE,7(9):e45119.
Jin D,Tan HJ,Lei T,Gan L,Chen XD,Long QQ,Feng B,Yang ZQ,2009.Molecular cloning and characterization of porcine sirtuin genes.Comp.Biochem.Physiol.B Biochem.Mol.Biol.,153(4):348-358.
Kaeberlein M,Mc Vey M,Guarente L,1999.The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms.Genes Dev.,13(19):2570-2580.
Knight JR,Milner J,2012.SIRT1,metabolism and cancer.Curr.Opin.Oncol.,24(1):68-75.
Kong S,Mc Burney MW,Fang D,2012.Sirtuin 1 in immune regulation and autoimmunity.Immunol.Cell Biol.,90(1):6-13.
Kong S,Yeung P,Fang D,2013.The class III histone deacetylase sirtuin1 in immune suppression and its therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis.J.Genet.Genomics,40(7):347-354.
Li L,Osdal T,Ho Y,Chun S,Mc Donald T,Agarwal P,Lin A,Chu S,Qi J,Li L,Hsieh YT,Dos Santos C,Yuan H,Ha TQ,Popa M,Hovland R,Bruserud O,Gjertsen BT,Kuo YH,Chen W,Lain S,Mc Cormack E,Bhatia R,2014.SIRT1 activation by a c-MYConcogenic network promotes the maintenance and drug resistance of human FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia stem cells.Cell Stem Cell,15(4):431-446.
Li L,Wang L,Li L,Wang Z,Ho Y,Mc Donald T,Holyoake TL,Chen W,Bhatia R,2012.Activation of p53 by SIRT1 inhibition enhances elimination of CML leukemia stem cells in combination with imatinib.Cancer Cell,21(2):266-281.
Liu FS,Li J,Tang T,Zhang D,Dong XY,2012.Roles of rhodaneselike gene in stress responses of Musca domestica toward hyperthermy and cadmium tolerance.Sichuan J.Zool.,31(4):558-563.[柳峰松,李娟,唐婷,张迪,董晓寅,2012.硫氰酸生成酶样基因在家蝇高温和重金属镉应激中的作用.四川动物,31(4):558-563]
Lu YP,Gu JH,Gao YF,Tang T,Liu FS,Huang DW,2016.Functional analysis of peptidoglycan recognition protein PGRP-SC in intestinal of Musca domestica.Acta Entomol.Sin.,59(3):269-277.[路永鹏,顾冀海,高一夫,唐婷,柳峰松,黄大卫,2016.肽聚糖识别蛋白PGRP-SC在家蝇肠道免疫中的功能分析.昆虫学报,59(3):269-277]
Luo J,Nikolaev AY,Imai S,Chen D,Su F,Shiloh A,Guarente L,Gu W,2001.Negative control of p53 by Sir2αpromotes cell survival under stress.Cell,107(2):137-148.
Mc Burney MW,Yang X,Jardine K,Hixon M,Boekelheide K,Webb JR,Lansdorp PM,Lemieux M,2003.The mammalian SIR2αprotein has a role in embryogenesis and gametogenesis.Mol.Cell Biol.,23(1):38-54.
Menssen A,Hydbring P,Kapelle K,Vervoorts J,Diebold J,Luscher B,Larsson LG,Hermeking H,2012.The c-MYC oncoprotein,the NAMPT enzyme,the SIRT1-inhibitor DBC1,and the SIRT1deacetylase form a positive feedback loop.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,109(4):E187-E196.
Rine J,Herskowitz I,1987.Four genes responsible for a position effect on expression from HML and HMR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Genetics,116(1):9-22.
Satoh A,Brace CS,Rensing N,Cliften P,Wozniak DF,Herzog ED,Yamada KA,Imai S,2013.Sirt1 extends life span and delays aging in mice through the regulation of Nk2 homeobox 1 in the DMH and LH.Cell Metab.,18(3):416-430.
Schug TT,Xu Q,Gao H,Peresdasilva A,Draper DW,Fessler MB,Purushotham A,Li X,2010.Myeloid deletion of SIRT1 induces inflammatory signaling in response to environmental stress.Mol.Cell Biol.,30(19):4712-4721.
Shore D,Squire M,Nasmyth KA,1984.Characterization of two genes required for the position-effect control of yeast mating-type genes.EMBO J.,3(12):2817-2823.
Singh CK,Chhabra G,Ndiaye M,Garcia-Peterson LM,Mack NJ,Ahmad N,2017.The role of sirtuins in antioxidant and redox signaling.Antioxid.Redox Signal.,doi:10.1089/ars.2017.7290.
Stein S,Schafer N,Breitenstein A,Besler C,Winnik S,Lohmann C,Heinrich K,Brokopp CE,Handschin C,Landmesser U,2010.SIRT1 reduces endothelial activation without affecting vascular function in Apo E-/-mice.Aging(Albany NY),2(6):353-360.
Tang T,Li X,Yang X,Yu X,Wang J,Liu F,Huang D,2014.Transcriptional response of Musca domestica larvae to bacterial infection.PLo S ONE,9(8):e104867.
Tissenbaum HA,Guarente L,2001.Increased dosage of a sir-2 gene extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.Nature,410(6825):227-230.
Yang SR,Wright J,Bauter M,Seweryniak K,Kode A,Rahman I,2007.Sirtuin regulates cigarette smoke-induced proinflammatory mediator release via Rel A/p65 NF-κB in macrophages in vitro and in rat lungs in vivo:implications for chronic inflammation and aging.Am.J.Physiol.Lung Cell Mol.Physiol.,292(2):L567.
Yeung F,Hoberg JE,Ramsey CS,Keller MD,Jones DR,Frye RA,Mayo MW,2004.Modulation of NF-κB-dependent transcription and cell survival by the SIRT1 deacetylase.EMBO J.,23(12):2369-2380.
Yoshizaki T,Schenk S,Imamura T,Babendure JL,Sonoda N,Bae EJ,Da YO,Min L,Milne JC,Westphal C,2010.SIRT1 inhibits inflammatory pathways in macrophages and modulates insulin sensitivity.Am.J.Physiol.Endocrinol.Metab.,298(3):E419-E428.
Zhang HN,Li L,Gao P,Chen HZ,Zhang R,Wei YS,Liu DP,Liang CC,2010.Involvement of the p65/Rel A subunit of NF-κB in TNF-α-induced SIRT1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,397(3):569-575.
Zheng X,Xu F,Liang H,Cao H,Cai M,Xu W,Weng J,2017.SIRT1/HSF1/HSP pathway is essential for exenatide-alleviated,lipid-induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress.Hepatology,66(3):809-824.
Banerjee KK,Ayyub C,Ali SZ,Mandot V,Prasad NG,KolthurSeetharam U,2012.d Sir2 in the adult fat body,but not in muscles,regulates life span in a diet-dependent manner.Cell Rep.,2(6):1485-1491.
Chan SH,Hung CH,Shih JY,Chu PM,Cheng YH,Lin HC,Tsai KL,2017.SIRT1 inhibition causes oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease.Redox Biol.,13:301-309.
Chen X,Sun K,Jiao S,Cai N,Zhao X,Zou H,Xie Y,Wang Z,Zhong M,Wei L,2014.High levels of SIRT1 expression enhance tumorigenesis and associate with a poor prognosis of colorectal carcinoma patients.Sci.Rep.,4:7481.
Cheng HL,Mostoslavsky R,Saito S,Manis JP,Gu Y,Patel P,Bronson R,Appella E,Alt FW,Chua KF,2003.Developmental defects and p53 hyperacetylation in Sir2 homolog(SIRT1)-deficient mice.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,100(19):10794-10799.
Frescas D,Valenti L,Accili D,2005.Nuclear trapping of the forkhead transcription factor Fox O1 via Sirt-dependent deacetylation promotes expression of glucogenetic genes.J.Biol.Chem.,280(21):20589-20595.
Frye RA,1999.Characterization of five human c DNAs with homology to the yeast SIR2 gene:Sir2-like proteins(Sirtuins)metabolize NADand may have protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,260(1):273-279.
Gao Y,Tang T,Gu J,Sun L,Gao X,Ma X,Wang X,Liu F,Wang J,2015.Downregulation of the Musca domestica peptidoglycan recognition protein SC(PGRP-SC)leads to overexpression of antimicrobial peptides and tardy pupation.Mol.Immunol.,67(2 Pt B):465-474.
Geissmann F,Manz MG,Jung S,Sieweke MH,Merad M,Ley K,2010.Development of monocytes,macrophages,and dendritic cells.Science,327(5966):656-661.
Ghinis-Hozumi Y,Gonzalez-Gallardo A,Gonzalez-Davalos L,Antaramian A,Villarroya F,Shimada A,Varela-Echavarria A,Mora O,2011.Bovine sirtuins:initial characterization and expression of sirtuins 1 and 3 in liver,muscle,and adipose tissue.J.Anim.Sci.,89(8):2529-2536.
Gilmore TD,2006.Introduction to NF-κB:players,pathways,perspectives.Oncogene,25(51):6680-6684.
Gonfloni S,Iannizzotto V,Maiani E,Bellusci G,Ciccone S,Diederich M,2014.P53 and Sirt1:routes of metabolism and genome stability.Biochem.Pharmacol.,92(1):149-156.
Guarente L,2011.Franklin H.Epstein Lecture:sirtuins,aging,and medicine.N.Engl.J.Med.,364(23):2235-2244.
Guarente L,2013.Calorie restriction and sirtuins revisited.Genes Dev.,27(19):2072-2085.
Herranz D,Munoz-Martin M,Canamero M,Mulero F,Martinez-Pastor B,Fernandez-Capetillo O,Serrano M,2010.Sirt1 improves healthy ageing and protects from metabolic syndrome-associated cancer.Nat.Commun.,1:3.
Hoffmann J,Romey R,Fink C,Yong L,Roeder T,2013.Overexpression of Sir2 in the adult fat body is sufficient to extend lifespan of male and female Drosophila.Aging(Albany NY),5(4):315-327.
Howitz KT,Bitterman KJ,Cohen HY,Lamming DW,Lavu S,Wood JG,Zipkin RE,Chung P,Kisielewski A,Zhang LL,Scherer B,Sinclair DA,2003.Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan.Nature,425(6954):191-196.
Imai S,Armstrong CM,Kaeberlein M,Guarente L,2000.Transcriptional silencing and longevity protein Sir2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase.Nature,403(6771):795-800.
Ishikawa S,Li G,Takemitsu H,Fujiwara M,Mori N,Yamamoto I,Arai T,2013.Change in mRNA expression of sirtuin1 and sirtuin3in cats fed on high fat diet.BMC Vet.Res.,9:187.
Jang KY,Noh SJ,Lehwald N,Tao GZ,Bellovin DI,Park HS,Moon WS,Felsher DW,Sylvester KG,2012.SIRT1 and c-Myc promote liver tumor cell survival and predict poor survival of human hepatocellular carcinomas.PLo S ONE,7(9):e45119.
Jin D,Tan HJ,Lei T,Gan L,Chen XD,Long QQ,Feng B,Yang ZQ,2009.Molecular cloning and characterization of porcine sirtuin genes.Comp.Biochem.Physiol.B Biochem.Mol.Biol.,153(4):348-358.
Kaeberlein M,Mc Vey M,Guarente L,1999.The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms.Genes Dev.,13(19):2570-2580.
Knight JR,Milner J,2012.SIRT1,metabolism and cancer.Curr.Opin.Oncol.,24(1):68-75.
Kong S,Mc Burney MW,Fang D,2012.Sirtuin 1 in immune regulation and autoimmunity.Immunol.Cell Biol.,90(1):6-13.
Kong S,Yeung P,Fang D,2013.The class III histone deacetylase sirtuin1 in immune suppression and its therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis.J.Genet.Genomics,40(7):347-354.
Li L,Osdal T,Ho Y,Chun S,Mc Donald T,Agarwal P,Lin A,Chu S,Qi J,Li L,Hsieh YT,Dos Santos C,Yuan H,Ha TQ,Popa M,Hovland R,Bruserud O,Gjertsen BT,Kuo YH,Chen W,Lain S,Mc Cormack E,Bhatia R,2014.SIRT1 activation by a c-MYConcogenic network promotes the maintenance and drug resistance of human FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia stem cells.Cell Stem Cell,15(4):431-446.
Li L,Wang L,Li L,Wang Z,Ho Y,Mc Donald T,Holyoake TL,Chen W,Bhatia R,2012.Activation of p53 by SIRT1 inhibition enhances elimination of CML leukemia stem cells in combination with imatinib.Cancer Cell,21(2):266-281.
Liu FS,Li J,Tang T,Zhang D,Dong XY,2012.Roles of rhodaneselike gene in stress responses of Musca domestica toward hyperthermy and cadmium tolerance.Sichuan J.Zool.,31(4):558-563.[柳峰松,李娟,唐婷,张迪,董晓寅,2012.硫氰酸生成酶样基因在家蝇高温和重金属镉应激中的作用.四川动物,31(4):558-563]
Lu YP,Gu JH,Gao YF,Tang T,Liu FS,Huang DW,2016.Functional analysis of peptidoglycan recognition protein PGRP-SC in intestinal of Musca domestica.Acta Entomol.Sin.,59(3):269-277.[路永鹏,顾冀海,高一夫,唐婷,柳峰松,黄大卫,2016.肽聚糖识别蛋白PGRP-SC在家蝇肠道免疫中的功能分析.昆虫学报,59(3):269-277]
Luo J,Nikolaev AY,Imai S,Chen D,Su F,Shiloh A,Guarente L,Gu W,2001.Negative control of p53 by Sir2αpromotes cell survival under stress.Cell,107(2):137-148.
Mc Burney MW,Yang X,Jardine K,Hixon M,Boekelheide K,Webb JR,Lansdorp PM,Lemieux M,2003.The mammalian SIR2αprotein has a role in embryogenesis and gametogenesis.Mol.Cell Biol.,23(1):38-54.
Menssen A,Hydbring P,Kapelle K,Vervoorts J,Diebold J,Luscher B,Larsson LG,Hermeking H,2012.The c-MYC oncoprotein,the NAMPT enzyme,the SIRT1-inhibitor DBC1,and the SIRT1deacetylase form a positive feedback loop.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,109(4):E187-E196.
Rine J,Herskowitz I,1987.Four genes responsible for a position effect on expression from HML and HMR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Genetics,116(1):9-22.
Satoh A,Brace CS,Rensing N,Cliften P,Wozniak DF,Herzog ED,Yamada KA,Imai S,2013.Sirt1 extends life span and delays aging in mice through the regulation of Nk2 homeobox 1 in the DMH and LH.Cell Metab.,18(3):416-430.
Schug TT,Xu Q,Gao H,Peresdasilva A,Draper DW,Fessler MB,Purushotham A,Li X,2010.Myeloid deletion of SIRT1 induces inflammatory signaling in response to environmental stress.Mol.Cell Biol.,30(19):4712-4721.
Shore D,Squire M,Nasmyth KA,1984.Characterization of two genes required for the position-effect control of yeast mating-type genes.EMBO J.,3(12):2817-2823.
Singh CK,Chhabra G,Ndiaye M,Garcia-Peterson LM,Mack NJ,Ahmad N,2017.The role of sirtuins in antioxidant and redox signaling.Antioxid.Redox Signal.,doi:10.1089/ars.2017.7290.
Stein S,Schafer N,Breitenstein A,Besler C,Winnik S,Lohmann C,Heinrich K,Brokopp CE,Handschin C,Landmesser U,2010.SIRT1 reduces endothelial activation without affecting vascular function in Apo E-/-mice.Aging(Albany NY),2(6):353-360.
Tang T,Li X,Yang X,Yu X,Wang J,Liu F,Huang D,2014.Transcriptional response of Musca domestica larvae to bacterial infection.PLo S ONE,9(8):e104867.
Tissenbaum HA,Guarente L,2001.Increased dosage of a sir-2 gene extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.Nature,410(6825):227-230.
Yang SR,Wright J,Bauter M,Seweryniak K,Kode A,Rahman I,2007.Sirtuin regulates cigarette smoke-induced proinflammatory mediator release via Rel A/p65 NF-κB in macrophages in vitro and in rat lungs in vivo:implications for chronic inflammation and aging.Am.J.Physiol.Lung Cell Mol.Physiol.,292(2):L567.
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