不同施肥方式对伊贝母生长及土壤养分的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究新疆伊犁地区伊贝母的最佳施肥技术模式。【方法】通过采用四因素三水平正交试验设计,设计微生物菌肥、磷肥,生物有机肥+有机物料腐熟剂,精制有机肥+有机物料腐熟剂4因素,在优化施肥(2水平)基础上,设计1水平(2水平×0.5)、3水平(2水平×1.5),正交处理共9个,对伊贝母生长及土壤进行了测定。【结果】不同施肥量处理下的伊贝母植株高度、伊贝母植株鲜重、鳞茎鲜重、土壤有机质、土壤全氮含量和土壤p H值均不同;随着伊贝母生育进程的推进,各个处理下的土壤p H均表现为萌芽期显著高于现蕾期和始花期,而土壤有机质和土壤全氮含量规律并不明显;不同施肥量处理下,伊贝母每667 m~2株数没有明显差异;在同一微生物菌肥施用量下,伊贝母产量的变化趋势无明显规律,处理8即微生物菌肥为6 kg/667m~2,磷肥为18 kg/667 m~2,生物有机肥+有机物料腐剂为16 kg/667 m~2,精制有机肥+有机物料腐剂为60 kg/667 m~2时,伊贝母产量最高为381.14 kg/667 m~2;在单一微生物菌肥施用量下,伊贝母产量的变化趋势无明显规律。【结论】以微生物菌肥、磷肥基施为主,配施生物有机肥、有机物料腐熟剂,生育期开沟追施微生物菌肥,可获得伊贝母高产。
【Objective】To explore the best fertilization mode for Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrek in Yili area of Xinjiang.【Method】By using four factors and three levels orthogonal test design( the microbial fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer,bio organic fertilizer + organic material decomposing agent,refined organic fertilizer +organic material decomposing agent,design level 1,design level 2( 2 level × 0. 5) and design level 3( 2 level × 1. 5) a total of 9 orthogonal treatments were employed to determine the growth and soil of Fritillaria.【Result】Plant height,plant fresh weight and bulb fresh weight,soil organic matter,total nitrogen content and soil p H value were different by different fertilization amounts; With the development of Fritillaria,the soil p H under each treatment showed significantly higher value than that of the bud and flowering stages,and the regular pattern of soil organic matter and total nitrogen content of soil was not obvious; under different fertilization treatments,there was no significant difference between Fritillaria plants per 667 m2; in the same microbial fertilizer dosage,the change trend of Fritillaria yield showed no obvious regularity,treatment 8,namely,microbial fertilizer being 86 kg /667 m2,P being 18 kg /667 m2,bio organic fertilizer and organic material rot agent being 16 kg /667 m2,refined organic fertilizer and organic material and corrosion inhibitor being 60 kg /667 m2,produced the highest yield of Fritillaria 381. 14 kg /667 m2; In a single microbial fertilizer dosage,the change trend of Fritillaria yield had no obvious regularity.【Conclusion】The microbial fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer,combined with organic fertilizers and organic material decomposing inoculants as supplement agents,and microbial fertilizer topdressing used during the growth period of ditching can obtain high yield.
【Objective】To explore the best fertilization mode for Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrek in Yili area of Xinjiang.【Method】By using four factors and three levels orthogonal test design( the microbial fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer,bio organic fertilizer + organic material decomposing agent,refined organic fertilizer +organic material decomposing agent,design level 1,design level 2( 2 level × 0. 5) and design level 3( 2 level × 1. 5) a total of 9 orthogonal treatments were employed to determine the growth and soil of Fritillaria.【Result】Plant height,plant fresh weight and bulb fresh weight,soil organic matter,total nitrogen content and soil p H value were different by different fertilization amounts; With the development of Fritillaria,the soil p H under each treatment showed significantly higher value than that of the bud and flowering stages,and the regular pattern of soil organic matter and total nitrogen content of soil was not obvious; under different fertilization treatments,there was no significant difference between Fritillaria plants per 667 m2; in the same microbial fertilizer dosage,the change trend of Fritillaria yield showed no obvious regularity,treatment 8,namely,microbial fertilizer being 86 kg /667 m2,P being 18 kg /667 m2,bio organic fertilizer and organic material rot agent being 16 kg /667 m2,refined organic fertilizer and organic material and corrosion inhibitor being 60 kg /667 m2,produced the highest yield of Fritillaria 381. 14 kg /667 m2; In a single microbial fertilizer dosage,the change trend of Fritillaria yield had no obvious regularity.【Conclusion】The microbial fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer,combined with organic fertilizers and organic material decomposing inoculants as supplement agents,and microbial fertilizer topdressing used during the growth period of ditching can obtain high yield.
引文
[1]张鹏葛,盛萍,任慧梅.不同产地和生长年限伊贝母地上部位与鳞茎生物碱含量研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(19):82-83.ZHANG Peng-ge,SHENG Ping,REN Hui-mei.(2015).Studies on Determination of Total Alkaloids in Aerial Parts and Bulb of Fritillaria pallidiflora in Different Origins and Years[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,43(19):82-83.(in Chinese)
[2]郝丽红,于晓南.贝母属(Fritillaria)植物同物异名现象与思考[J].中国野生植物资源,2014,33(4):58-63.HAO Li-hong,YU Xiao-nan.(2014).A Research and Thinking into the Phenomenon of the Synonyms of Fritillaria Genus[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,33(4):58-63.(in Chinese)
[3]张鹏葛,盛萍,安露莎,等.不同栽培年限伊贝母组织化学研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2014,33(5):14-18.ZHANG Peng-ge,SHENG Ping,AN Lu-sha,et al.(2014).Studies on Histochemical of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae in Different Cultivating Years[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,33(5):14-18.(in Chinese)
[4]任慧梅,杜冰洁,盛萍.响应曲面法优化伊贝母总生物碱提取工艺[J].中国野生植物资源,2015,34(6):24-28.REN Hui-mei,DU Bing-jie,SHENG Ping.(2015).Optimization of Extraction Process of Total Alkaloids from Fritillaria pallidiflorae Bulbus by Response Surface Methodology[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,34(6):24-28.(in Chinese)
[5]盛萍,安露莎,苗莉娟,等.不同产地野生与栽培伊贝母药材水溶性成分指纹图谱研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2014,33(4):19-24.SHENG Ping,AN Lu-sha,MIAO Li-juan,et al.(2014).HPLC Fingerprints of Water-soluble Constituents of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae from Different Habitats and Different Wild Growing and Cultivated Species[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,33(4):19-24.(in Chinese)
[6]王英,凯撒.苏来曼,李进,等.不同苗龄伊贝母根系分泌物GC-MS分析[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(2):384-389.WANG Ying,Kaisar Sulayman,LI Jin,et al.(2009).Analysis of Components in Root Exudates of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schvek Seedlings at Different Ages by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry[J].Acta Bot.Boreal-Occident.Sin.,29(2):384-389.(in Chinese)
[7]王英,凯撒.苏来曼,李进,等.伊贝母根系分泌物对其幼苗生长的自毒作用[J].作物杂志,2010,(1):25-28.WANG Ying,Kaisar Sulayman,LI Jin,et al.(2010).Autotoxicity of Root Exudates of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schvek[J].Crops,(1):25-28..(in Chinese)
[8]王明友,李光忠,杨秀凤,等.微生物菌肥对保护地黄瓜生育及产量、品质的影响研究初报[J].土壤肥料,2003,(3):38-41.WANG Ming-you,LI Guang-zhong,YANG Xiu-feng,et al.(2003).Study on the effects of microbial fertilizer on Cucumber Yield and quality report[J].Soil Fertilizer,(3):38-41.(in Chinese)
[9]李玉奇,辛世杰,奥岩松.微生物菌肥对温室黄瓜生长、产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(1):259-263.LI Yu-qi,XIN Shi-jie,AO Yan-song.(2012).Effects of Microbial Fertilizers on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Cucumber in Greenhouse Cultivation[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,28(1):259-263.(in Chinese)
[10]杨玉新,王纯立,谢志刚,等.微生物肥对土壤微生物种群数量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2008,45(S1):169-171.YANG Yu-xin,WANG Chun-li,XIE Zhi-gang,et al.(2008).The Influence of the Microbial Fertilizer on Microbial Population Density in Soil[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,45(S1):169-171.(in Chinese)
[11]王涛,辛世杰,乔卫花,等.几种微生物菌肥对连作黄瓜生长及土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2011,(18):52-57.WANG Tao,XIN Shi-jie,QIAO Wei-hua,et al.(2011).Effects of Different Microbial Fertilizers on Continuous Cropping Cucumber Growth and Soil Physiochemical Properties[J].China Vegetables,(18):52-57.(in Chinese)
[12]郝丽红,杨柳慧,陈燕,等.观赏贝母在北京地区引种栽培研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2015,38(5):33-39.HAO Li-hong,YANG Liu-hui,CHEN Yan,et al.(2015).Study on introduction and cultivation of ornamental fritillaries in Beijing area[J].Journal of agricultural university of Hebei,38(5):33-39.(in Chinese)
[13]潘惠霞,程争鸣,齐晓玲,等.伊贝母根际有益微生物对栽培产量的影响[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(6):917-922.PAN Hui-xia,CHENG Zheng-ming,QI Xiao-ling,et al.(2010).Influence of rhizosphere useful microbe on the yield of cultivated Fritillaria pallidiflora[J].Arid Land Geography,33(6):917-922.(in Chinese)
[14]张鹏葛,安露莎,盛萍.新疆伊贝母有效成分含量与气候因子相关性分析[J].亚热带植物科学,2016,45(2):101-106.ZHANG Peng-ge,AN Lu-sha,SHENG Ping.(2016).Relationships between Active Ingredient Content of Bulbus Fritillariae Pallidiflorae and Climatic Factors from Xinjiang[J].Subtropical Plant Science,45(2):101-106.(in Chinese)
[15]日孜旺古丽·苏皮,王丽丽,迪丽孜拉,等.伊贝母主要病虫害发生种类及防治[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(2):257-260.Riziwanguli Supi,WANG Li-li,Dilizila,et al.(2011).Occurrences Status of Pest and Diseases on Siberian fritillary bulb and Integrative Control[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,48(2):257-260.(in Chinese)
[16]徐金忠,孟凯,崔晓阳,等不同施肥处理对黑土腐殖质组成的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(11):84-85.XU Jin-zhong,MENG Kai,CUI Xiao-yang,et al.(2009).Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Humus Composition of Black Soil[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,37(11):84-85.(in Chinese)
[17]廖兴国,郭圣茂,陈兰兰,等.不同施肥处理对桔梗生长特性和药材产量的影响[J].经济林研究,2014,32(2):110-113.LIAO Xing-guo,GUO Sheng-mao,CHEN Lan-lan,et al.(2014)Effects of different fertilization treatments on growth characteristics and medicinal material yield in Platycodon grandiflorum[J].Nonwood Forest Research,32(2):110-113.(in Chinese)
[2]郝丽红,于晓南.贝母属(Fritillaria)植物同物异名现象与思考[J].中国野生植物资源,2014,33(4):58-63.HAO Li-hong,YU Xiao-nan.(2014).A Research and Thinking into the Phenomenon of the Synonyms of Fritillaria Genus[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,33(4):58-63.(in Chinese)
[3]张鹏葛,盛萍,安露莎,等.不同栽培年限伊贝母组织化学研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2014,33(5):14-18.ZHANG Peng-ge,SHENG Ping,AN Lu-sha,et al.(2014).Studies on Histochemical of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae in Different Cultivating Years[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,33(5):14-18.(in Chinese)
[4]任慧梅,杜冰洁,盛萍.响应曲面法优化伊贝母总生物碱提取工艺[J].中国野生植物资源,2015,34(6):24-28.REN Hui-mei,DU Bing-jie,SHENG Ping.(2015).Optimization of Extraction Process of Total Alkaloids from Fritillaria pallidiflorae Bulbus by Response Surface Methodology[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,34(6):24-28.(in Chinese)
[5]盛萍,安露莎,苗莉娟,等.不同产地野生与栽培伊贝母药材水溶性成分指纹图谱研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2014,33(4):19-24.SHENG Ping,AN Lu-sha,MIAO Li-juan,et al.(2014).HPLC Fingerprints of Water-soluble Constituents of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae from Different Habitats and Different Wild Growing and Cultivated Species[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,33(4):19-24.(in Chinese)
[6]王英,凯撒.苏来曼,李进,等.不同苗龄伊贝母根系分泌物GC-MS分析[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(2):384-389.WANG Ying,Kaisar Sulayman,LI Jin,et al.(2009).Analysis of Components in Root Exudates of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schvek Seedlings at Different Ages by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry[J].Acta Bot.Boreal-Occident.Sin.,29(2):384-389.(in Chinese)
[7]王英,凯撒.苏来曼,李进,等.伊贝母根系分泌物对其幼苗生长的自毒作用[J].作物杂志,2010,(1):25-28.WANG Ying,Kaisar Sulayman,LI Jin,et al.(2010).Autotoxicity of Root Exudates of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schvek[J].Crops,(1):25-28..(in Chinese)
[8]王明友,李光忠,杨秀凤,等.微生物菌肥对保护地黄瓜生育及产量、品质的影响研究初报[J].土壤肥料,2003,(3):38-41.WANG Ming-you,LI Guang-zhong,YANG Xiu-feng,et al.(2003).Study on the effects of microbial fertilizer on Cucumber Yield and quality report[J].Soil Fertilizer,(3):38-41.(in Chinese)
[9]李玉奇,辛世杰,奥岩松.微生物菌肥对温室黄瓜生长、产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(1):259-263.LI Yu-qi,XIN Shi-jie,AO Yan-song.(2012).Effects of Microbial Fertilizers on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Cucumber in Greenhouse Cultivation[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,28(1):259-263.(in Chinese)
[10]杨玉新,王纯立,谢志刚,等.微生物肥对土壤微生物种群数量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2008,45(S1):169-171.YANG Yu-xin,WANG Chun-li,XIE Zhi-gang,et al.(2008).The Influence of the Microbial Fertilizer on Microbial Population Density in Soil[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,45(S1):169-171.(in Chinese)
[11]王涛,辛世杰,乔卫花,等.几种微生物菌肥对连作黄瓜生长及土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2011,(18):52-57.WANG Tao,XIN Shi-jie,QIAO Wei-hua,et al.(2011).Effects of Different Microbial Fertilizers on Continuous Cropping Cucumber Growth and Soil Physiochemical Properties[J].China Vegetables,(18):52-57.(in Chinese)
[12]郝丽红,杨柳慧,陈燕,等.观赏贝母在北京地区引种栽培研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2015,38(5):33-39.HAO Li-hong,YANG Liu-hui,CHEN Yan,et al.(2015).Study on introduction and cultivation of ornamental fritillaries in Beijing area[J].Journal of agricultural university of Hebei,38(5):33-39.(in Chinese)
[13]潘惠霞,程争鸣,齐晓玲,等.伊贝母根际有益微生物对栽培产量的影响[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(6):917-922.PAN Hui-xia,CHENG Zheng-ming,QI Xiao-ling,et al.(2010).Influence of rhizosphere useful microbe on the yield of cultivated Fritillaria pallidiflora[J].Arid Land Geography,33(6):917-922.(in Chinese)
[14]张鹏葛,安露莎,盛萍.新疆伊贝母有效成分含量与气候因子相关性分析[J].亚热带植物科学,2016,45(2):101-106.ZHANG Peng-ge,AN Lu-sha,SHENG Ping.(2016).Relationships between Active Ingredient Content of Bulbus Fritillariae Pallidiflorae and Climatic Factors from Xinjiang[J].Subtropical Plant Science,45(2):101-106.(in Chinese)
[15]日孜旺古丽·苏皮,王丽丽,迪丽孜拉,等.伊贝母主要病虫害发生种类及防治[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(2):257-260.Riziwanguli Supi,WANG Li-li,Dilizila,et al.(2011).Occurrences Status of Pest and Diseases on Siberian fritillary bulb and Integrative Control[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,48(2):257-260.(in Chinese)
[16]徐金忠,孟凯,崔晓阳,等不同施肥处理对黑土腐殖质组成的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(11):84-85.XU Jin-zhong,MENG Kai,CUI Xiao-yang,et al.(2009).Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Humus Composition of Black Soil[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,37(11):84-85.(in Chinese)
[17]廖兴国,郭圣茂,陈兰兰,等.不同施肥处理对桔梗生长特性和药材产量的影响[J].经济林研究,2014,32(2):110-113.LIAO Xing-guo,GUO Sheng-mao,CHEN Lan-lan,et al.(2014)Effects of different fertilization treatments on growth characteristics and medicinal material yield in Platycodon grandiflorum[J].Nonwood Forest Research,32(2):110-113.(in Chinese)