柳河流域特征污染物负荷模拟及污染源解析
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摘要
基于通用流域负荷模型(GWLF模型),选取柳河流域为研究对象,利用2006-2014年的水文水质数据进行水文化学过程的模拟,评估流域节点断面的月径流量及特征污染物负荷通量,根据模型结果分析了特征污染物的污染来源及贡献率。结果表明,从年际变化上看,COD、氨氮和总氮的总负荷通量近年来有所下降,总磷的总负荷通量呈逐年上升趋势。从年均水平上看,COD、氨氮的点源污染与非点源污染贡献率相差不大,均接近50%;总氮的非点源污染贡献率远远高于点源污染,贡献率高达79.6%;总磷的污染来源主要为点源污染,贡献率高达74.9%。根据特征污染物的污染源解析结果,提出有针对性的削减和控制污染的措施,为流域水污染管控提供依据。
The generalized watershed loading function(GWLF)model was used in this paper to simulate the hydrochemical process of Liuhe River basin from 2006 to 2014,and to evaluate the monthly water flow and the load fluxes of characteristic pollutants in the basin.According to the model results,we analyzed the sources of the characteristic pollutants and their contribution rates.The results showed that in terms of interannual variation,the total load flux of COD,ammonia nitrogen,and total nitrogen decreased in recent years,and the total load flux of total phosphorus increased year by year.In terms of annual average level,the point source pollution and non-point source pollution made basically equivalent contributions to COD and ammonia nitrogen,both approaching 50%.For total nitrogen,the non-point source pollution had a much higher contribution rate(up to79.6%)than the point source pollution.The main pollution source of total phosphorus was point source pollution,whose contribution rate was up to 74.9%.
The generalized watershed loading function(GWLF)model was used in this paper to simulate the hydrochemical process of Liuhe River basin from 2006 to 2014,and to evaluate the monthly water flow and the load fluxes of characteristic pollutants in the basin.According to the model results,we analyzed the sources of the characteristic pollutants and their contribution rates.The results showed that in terms of interannual variation,the total load flux of COD,ammonia nitrogen,and total nitrogen decreased in recent years,and the total load flux of total phosphorus increased year by year.In terms of annual average level,the point source pollution and non-point source pollution made basically equivalent contributions to COD and ammonia nitrogen,both approaching 50%.For total nitrogen,the non-point source pollution had a much higher contribution rate(up to79.6%)than the point source pollution.The main pollution source of total phosphorus was point source pollution,whose contribution rate was up to 74.9%.
引文
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[3]刘方圆,梁忠民,张建华,等.江苏省淮河流域水功能区达标评价及限排总量[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(1):51-54,82.(LIU F Y,LIANG Z M,ZHANG J H,et al.Standard achievement evaluation of water function zones and total limited pollution in the Huaihe river basin of Jiangsu province[J].South-to-North Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2015,13(1):51-54,82.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2015.01.012.
[4]曹高明,杜强,宫辉力,等.非点源污染研究综述[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2011,9(1):35-40.(CAO G M,DU Q,GONG H L,et al.A review of nonpoint source pollution study[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2011,9(1):35-40.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13244/j.cnki.Jiwhr.2011.01.007.
[5]宋文龙,杨胜天,朗杨,等.渭河流域大尺度非点源COD污染负荷估算[J].南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(6):31-36.(SONG W L,YANG S T,LANG Y,et al.Evaluation of pollution load for large-scale and non-point source COD in Weihe basin[J].South-to-North Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2012,10(6):31-36.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2012.06031.
[6]张静,何俊仕,周飞,等.浑河流域非点源污染负荷估算与分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(6):69-73.(ZHANG J,HE J S,ZHOU F,et al.Estimation and evaluation of non-point source pollution in the Hunhe river basin[J].South-to-North Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2011,9(6):69-73.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2011.06069.
[7]程先,陈利顶,孙然好.考虑降水和地形的京津冀水库流域非点源污染负荷估算[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(4):265-272.(CHENG X,CHEN L D,SUN R H.Estimation of non-point source pollution loads of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region considering precipitation and topography[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(4):265-272.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.04.036.
[8]耿润哲,李明涛,王晓燕,等.基于SWAT模型的流域土地利用格局变化对面源污染的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):241-250.(GENG R Z,LI M T,WANG X Y,et al.Effect of land use/landscape changes on diffuse pollution load from watershed based on SWAT model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(6):241-250.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.16.032.
[9]李明涛.密云水库流域土地利用与气候变化对非点源氮、磷污染的影响研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2014.(LI M T.Impacts of land use and climate changes on nonpoint source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the Miyun reservoir watershed[D].Beijing:Capital Normal University,2014.(in Chinese))
[10]赵越,张富,陈瑾,等.安家沟流域不同土地利用方式下地表径流中COD和TN的污染负荷[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):103-108,114.(ZHAO Y,ZHANG F,CHEN J,et al.COD and TN pollution loads in surface runoff under different land uses in Anjiagou basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(1):103-108,114.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2017.01.011.
[11]徐建新,高彦君,谷红梅,等.秦皇岛滨海地区地表径流及污染负荷估算[J].南水北调与水利科技,2014,12(1):50-53,104.(XU J X,GAO Y J,GU H M,et al.Estimation of surface runoff and pollution load in the coastal region of Qinghuangdao[J].South-to-North Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2014,12(1):50-53,104.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2014.01050.
[12]金树权,吕军.水环境非点源污染模型的研究进展和展望[J].土壤通报,2006,37(5):1022-1026.(JIN S Q,LU J.Research progress and prospect on non-point source pollution models in water environment[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(5):1022-1026.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0564-3945.2006.05.042.
[13]王康,冉宁,张仁铎,等.流域面源污染负荷差异性及不确定性的尺度特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(11):211-218.(WANG K,RAN N,ZHANG R D,et al.Analysis on characterization of heterogeneities and uncertainty for non-point source pollution loads at different basin scales[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(11):211-218.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.11.027.
[14]夏军,翟晓燕,张永勇.水环境非点源污染模型研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(7):941-952.(XIA J,ZHAI X Y,ZHANG Y Y.Progress in the research of water environmental nonpoint source pollution models[J].Progress in Geography,2012,31(7):941-952.(in Chinese))
[15]王慧亮,孙志琢,李叙勇,等.非点源污染负荷模型的比较与选择[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(5):176-182.(WANG H L,SUN Z Z,LI X Y,et al.Comparison and selection among nonpoint pollution models[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,36(5):176-182.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2013.05.035.
[16]THOMAS W,SETH T,THOMAS D.Modelers’and outreach professionals’views on the role of models in watershed management[J].Environmental Policy&Governance,2011,21(6):472-486.DOI:10.1002/eet.587
[17]杨占军.兴隆县水生态环境现状及对策[J].河北水利,2015(4):45.(YANG Z J.Current situation and countermeasures of water ecological environment in Xinglong county[J].Hebei Water Resources,2015(4):45(in Chinese))
[18]李呈祥.依邻发展铸就稳步增长之路-兴隆县以京津冀协同发展助推兴隆社会经济发展纪实[EB/OL].http://www.hbxl.gov.cn/article/20160125/000966972-2016-02660.html.2016-01-25(2018-01-16).(LI C X.In accordance with the development of adjacent development,the steady growth of the roadxinglong county[EB/OL].http://www.hbxl.gov.cn/article/20160125/000966972-2016-02660.html.2016-01-25.(in Chinese))
[19]HAITH D A,SHOEMAKER L L.Generalized watershed loading functions for stream flow nutrients 1[J].Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association,1987,23(3):471-478.DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00825.x
[20]王玉秋,沙健,谢阳村,等.通用流域负荷模型(GWLG模型)理论方法与应用案例[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2012.(WANG Y Q,SHA J,XIE Y C,et al.The theoretical method and application case of general watershed load function(GWLF)model[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2012.(in Chinese))
[21]杜新忠,李叙勇,张汪寿,等.基于GWLF模型的流域总氮负荷模拟及污染源解析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2014,25(3):19-23.(DU X Z,LI X Y,ZHANG W S,et al.Simulation of total nitrogen load in watershed and analysis of pollution source based on GWLF model[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2014,25(3):19-23.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2014.03.04.
[22]王东,赵越,徐敏,等.区域营养盐管理模型在沙河流域的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(5):98-101.(WANG D,ZHAO Y,XU M,et al.Application practice of regional nutrient management model in Shahe river basin[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2012,23(5):98-101.(in Chinese))
[23]沙健.通用流域污染负荷模型(GWLF)的改进与应用实践研究[D].天津:南开大学,2014.(SHA J.The study on general watershed load function(GWLF)model for algorithmic improvement and practical application[D].Tianjin,Nankai University,2014.(in Chinese))
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