财政政策、精准扶贫与农村脱贫
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摘要
本文采用我国2007～2016年30个省、直辖市和自治区的面板数据,检验我国财政政策对农村贫困的影响,同时检验实施精准扶贫后财政政策对贫困影响的变化情况。研究发现,财政政策不但没有缓解农村贫困,反而加剧了农村贫困,这主要是由于农村扶贫过程中财政资金不足、利用效率低下,财政扶贫投资不完善、支出结构不合理,在财政政策影响下农村贫困地区收入再分配问题突出,农村财政政策扶贫进入机制不完善和退出机制缺失等方面造成的。进一步研究发现,实施精准扶贫后财政政策对农村贫困加剧的影响得到了改善。本文的研究结论对于我国扶贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会具有启示意义,即完善财政政策扶贫设计、深入推进精准扶贫工作是实现农村脱贫的关键。
Based on the perspective of rural poverty, using panel data of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities from 2007 to 2016, this paper examines the impact of China's fiscal policy on poverty and the changes of the impact of fiscal policy on poverty after the targeted poverty alleviation. The study found that fiscal policy increased rural poverty. This is mainly due to the insufficient financial funds,low utilization efficiency, imperfect financial investment in poverty alleviation, unreasonable expenditure structure, prominent income redistribution problems in poor rural areas, imperfect entry mechanism and absence of exit mechanism of poverty alleviation in rural financial policies. Further study found that the impact has been improved after the targeted poverty alleviation. By dealing with endogenous problems and building dynamic panel data model, we find that the conclusions of this paper are robust. Therefore, improving the design of poverty alleviation by fiscal policy and promoting the targeted poverty alleviation is the key to achieving poverty alleviation in rural areas.
Based on the perspective of rural poverty, using panel data of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities from 2007 to 2016, this paper examines the impact of China's fiscal policy on poverty and the changes of the impact of fiscal policy on poverty after the targeted poverty alleviation. The study found that fiscal policy increased rural poverty. This is mainly due to the insufficient financial funds,low utilization efficiency, imperfect financial investment in poverty alleviation, unreasonable expenditure structure, prominent income redistribution problems in poor rural areas, imperfect entry mechanism and absence of exit mechanism of poverty alleviation in rural financial policies. Further study found that the impact has been improved after the targeted poverty alleviation. By dealing with endogenous problems and building dynamic panel data model, we find that the conclusions of this paper are robust. Therefore, improving the design of poverty alleviation by fiscal policy and promoting the targeted poverty alleviation is the key to achieving poverty alleviation in rural areas.
引文
1.陈锡文、韩俊、赵阳:《我国农村公共财政制度研究》,《宏观经济研究》2005年第5期。
2.陈志、丁士军、吴海涛:《帮扶主体、帮扶措施与帮扶效果研究---基于华中L县精准扶贫实绩核查数据的实证分析》,《财政研究》2017年第10期。
3.程名望、张帅、史清华:《农户贫困及其决定因素---基于精准扶贫视角的实证分析》,《公共管理学报》2018年第1期。
4.储德银、赵飞:《财政分权与农村贫困---基于中国数据的实证检验》,《中国农村经济》2013年第4期。
5.丛树海:《基于调整和改善国民收入分配格局的政府收支研究》,《财贸经济》2012年第6期。
6.邓维杰:《精准扶贫的难点、对策与路径选择》,《农村经济》2014年第6期。
7.李棉管:《技术难题、政治过程与文化结果---“瞄准偏差”的三种研究视角及其对中国“精准扶贫”的启示》,《社会学研究》2017年第1期。
8.檀学文、李静:《习近平精准扶贫思想的实践深化研究》,《中国农村经济》2017年第9期。
9.苏基溶、廖进中:《中国金融发展与收入分配、贫困关系的经验分析---基于动态面板数据的研究》,《财经科学》2009年第12期。
10.汪三贵、郭子豪:《论中国的精准扶贫》,《贵州社会科学》2015年第5期。
11.郑瑞强、王英:《精准扶贫政策初探》,《财政研究》2016年第2期。
12.Aghion P.,Bolton P.,“A Theory of Trickle-Down Growth and Development”[J].Review of Economic Studies1997,64(2).
13.Beck T.,Levine R.,Levkov A.,“Big Bad Banks?The Winners and Losers from Bank Deregulation in the United States”[J].Journal of Finance,2010,65(5).
14.Gordon Crawford.,“Decentralization and the Limits to Poverty Reduction:Findings from Ghana”[J].Oxford Development Studies,2008,36(2).
15.Jalilian H.,Kirkpatrick C.,“Financial Development and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries”[J].International Journal of Finance&Economics,2002,7(2).
16.Tsui K Y.,“Local Tax System,Intergovernmental Transfers and China's Local Fiscal Disparities”[J].Journal of Comparative Economics,2005,33(1).
2.陈志、丁士军、吴海涛:《帮扶主体、帮扶措施与帮扶效果研究---基于华中L县精准扶贫实绩核查数据的实证分析》,《财政研究》2017年第10期。
3.程名望、张帅、史清华:《农户贫困及其决定因素---基于精准扶贫视角的实证分析》,《公共管理学报》2018年第1期。
4.储德银、赵飞:《财政分权与农村贫困---基于中国数据的实证检验》,《中国农村经济》2013年第4期。
5.丛树海:《基于调整和改善国民收入分配格局的政府收支研究》,《财贸经济》2012年第6期。
6.邓维杰:《精准扶贫的难点、对策与路径选择》,《农村经济》2014年第6期。
7.李棉管:《技术难题、政治过程与文化结果---“瞄准偏差”的三种研究视角及其对中国“精准扶贫”的启示》,《社会学研究》2017年第1期。
8.檀学文、李静:《习近平精准扶贫思想的实践深化研究》,《中国农村经济》2017年第9期。
9.苏基溶、廖进中:《中国金融发展与收入分配、贫困关系的经验分析---基于动态面板数据的研究》,《财经科学》2009年第12期。
10.汪三贵、郭子豪:《论中国的精准扶贫》,《贵州社会科学》2015年第5期。
11.郑瑞强、王英:《精准扶贫政策初探》,《财政研究》2016年第2期。
12.Aghion P.,Bolton P.,“A Theory of Trickle-Down Growth and Development”[J].Review of Economic Studies1997,64(2).
13.Beck T.,Levine R.,Levkov A.,“Big Bad Banks?The Winners and Losers from Bank Deregulation in the United States”[J].Journal of Finance,2010,65(5).
14.Gordon Crawford.,“Decentralization and the Limits to Poverty Reduction:Findings from Ghana”[J].Oxford Development Studies,2008,36(2).
15.Jalilian H.,Kirkpatrick C.,“Financial Development and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries”[J].International Journal of Finance&Economics,2002,7(2).
16.Tsui K Y.,“Local Tax System,Intergovernmental Transfers and China's Local Fiscal Disparities”[J].Journal of Comparative Economics,2005,33(1).