基于SRTM数据的天气雷达探测环境分析研究
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摘要
利用SRTM高程数据作为选址基础数据,结合天气雷达工作方式和探测方法,计算得到天气雷达在0.5°、1.0°、2.4°仰角上地物遮挡情况;利用高程格点数据获得3个仰角的地物剖面数据,提高了SRTM数据利用精度和运算速度;分析中结合地球曲率和电磁波折射影响,改进算法获得站点遮蔽角图,站点上空1 km、海拔3和6 km等射束高度图及数据,该分析结果充分体现了SRTM数据的高分辨率特点。最后将结果数据与GIS地图结合,完成了四川省天气雷达网探测环境分析,并给出了各个台站评估结果。
The sites were selected based on SRTM elevation data to effectively extract the locations where the electromagnetic wave was obstructed by surface features when the weather radar was placed at 0.5°,1.0° and 2.4° in line with the working mode and detection principle of the weather radar.The obstructing conditions of surface features under the 3 elevations were obtained by means of elevation lattice data,so as to make SRTM data more precision and increase its arithmetic speed.The blind angle diagram of the sites,diagram of iso-beam heights and data at the elevations of 1 km,3 km and 6 km at the site were finally obtained.This method fully reflects the high resolution characteristics of SRTM data.Finally,by combining with GIS map,the analysis on environment detection by using weather radar network in Sichuan which was taken as an example was finished.The analysis results at each site were provided.
The sites were selected based on SRTM elevation data to effectively extract the locations where the electromagnetic wave was obstructed by surface features when the weather radar was placed at 0.5°,1.0° and 2.4° in line with the working mode and detection principle of the weather radar.The obstructing conditions of surface features under the 3 elevations were obtained by means of elevation lattice data,so as to make SRTM data more precision and increase its arithmetic speed.The blind angle diagram of the sites,diagram of iso-beam heights and data at the elevations of 1 km,3 km and 6 km at the site were finally obtained.This method fully reflects the high resolution characteristics of SRTM data.Finally,by combining with GIS map,the analysis on environment detection by using weather radar network in Sichuan which was taken as an example was finished.The analysis results at each site were provided.
引文
邓志,刘文文,黄美金,1999.雷达等射束高度图制作方法[J].气象,25(11):47-49.Deng Z,Liu W W,Huang M J,1999.Drawing radar chart with ISO-beam height[J].Meteor Mon,25(11):47-49(in Chinese).
高飞,2013.天气雷达站址选择的有效地理视距分析[J].测绘科学,38(3):203-204.Gao F,2013.Discussion on CINRAD effective geographic range analysis system[J].Sci Surv Mapp,38(3):203-204(in Chinese).
勾亚彬,汪章维,刘黎平,等,2017.雷达波束部分遮挡识别应用及效果评估[J].高原气象,36(1):229-240.Gou Y B,Wang Z W,Liu L P,et al,2017.Application and evaluation of radar partial blockage identification[J].Plateau Meteor,36(1):229-240(inChinese).
郭方,2017.成都天府国际机场天气雷达站选址分析[J].气象水文海洋仪器,34(1):22-24.Guo F,2017.Analysis on site selection for weather radar station of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport[J].Meteor Hydrol Mar Instrum,34(1):22-24(in Chinese).
国家地震局地球物理研究所,1978.近震分析[M].北京:地震出版社:31-32.Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Adminis,1978.Near Earthquake Analysis[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:31-32(in Chinese).
黄太山,2014.巧用GIS空间叠置分析计算遮蔽角[J].北京测绘,(6):55-57.Huang T S,2014.Using the GIS spatial overlay analysis to calculate the defilade angle cleverly[J].Beijing Surv Mapp,(6):55-57(in Chinese).
李柏,古庆同,李瑞义,等,2013.新一代天气雷达灾害性天气监测能力分析及未来发展[J].气象,39(3):265-280.Li B,Gu Q T,Li R Y,et al,2013.Analyses on disastrous weather monitoring capability of CINRAD and future development[J].Meteor Mon,39(3):265-280(in Chinese).
梁成根,黄云仙,2008.天气雷达网资料拼图方法研究[J].计算机与现代化,(4):54-57.Liang C G,Huang Y X,2008.Study of method for weather radar network data mosaic[J].Comput Mod,(4):54-57(in Chinese).
刘娟,2015.CINRAD/SC新一代天气雷达回波地物检测与校正方法探讨[J].气象,41(10):1286-1291.Liu J,2015.Detection and correction discussion of ground echoes of CINRAD/SC new generation Doppler weather radar[J].Meteor Mon,41(10):1286-1291(in Chinese).
吕智,2012.地球球面和大气折射对气象雷达目标探测的影响[J].现代电子技术,35(12):119-122.Lu Z,2012.Influence of ground spherical surface and aerosphere refraction on target detection with airborne weather radar[J].Mod Electron Technol,35(12):119-122(in Chinese).
孙伟,2011.低空大气折射率的多普勒天气雷达探测和分析[D].南京:南京信息工程大学.Sun W,2011.Measurement and analysis of near-surface atmospheric refractivity with Doppler weather radar[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology(in Chinese).
万玉发,杨洪平,肖艳姣,等,2000.多普勒天气雷达站址视程的客观分析技术[J].应用气象学报,11(4):440-447.Wan Y F,Yang H P,Xiao Y J,et al,2000.An objective method for analyzing the horizon of Doppler weather radar stations[J].Quart J Appl Meteor,11(4):440-447(in Chinese).
王红艳,刘黎平,2015.新一代天气雷达降水估算的区域覆盖能力评估[J].高原气象,34(6):1772-1784.Wang H Y,Liu L P,2015.Assessment of CINRAD regional coverage for quantitative precipitation estimation[J].Plateau Meteor,34(6):1772-1784(inChinese).
王曙东,裴翀,郭志梅,等,2011.基于SRTM数据的中国新一代天气雷达覆盖和地形遮挡评估[J].气候与环境研究,16(4):459-468.Wang S D,Pei C,Guo Z M,et al,2011.Evaluations on Chinese next generation radars coverage and terrain blockage based on SRTM data[J].Climatic Environ Res,16(4):459-468(in Chinese).
韦清嫄,王龙波,2012.GIS在雷达站选址中的应用[J].测绘与空间地理信息,35(12):88-89,92.Wei Q Y,Wang L B,2012.Application of GIS in the location selection of radar station[J].Geomat Spat Inf Technol,35(12):88-89,92(in Chinese).
吴焕萍,2010.GIS技术在气象领域中的应用[J].气象,36(3):90-100,Wu H P,2010.Application of GIS in meteorology[J].Meteor Mon,36(3):90-100(in Chinese).
徐八林,刘黎平,杨明,等,2006.高山雷达站选址对估测降水的影响分析[J].气象科技,34(3):340-343.Xu B L,Liu L P,Yang M,et al,2006.Impact analysis of radar location on precipitation estimation over alpine areas[J].Meteor Sci Technol,34(3):340-343(in Chinese).
徐鸣一,李峰,夏元彩,等,2017.新一代天气雷达2009—2014年运行状态分析[J].气象,43(3):365-372.Xu M Y,Li F,Xia Y C,et al,2017.Analysis of CINRAD radar operation status during2009-2014[J].Meteor Mon,43(3):365-372(in Chinese).
杨洪平,张沛源,程明虎,等,2009.多普勒天气雷达组网拼图有效数据区域分析[J].应用气象学报,20(1):47-55.Yang H P,Zhang P Y,Cheng M H,et al,2009.The valid mosaic data region of the CINRAD network[J].J Appl Meteor Sci,20(1):47-55(in Chinese).
杨金红,陈大任,王曙东,2013.改进新一代天气雷达低层探测能力研究[J].气象,39(4):494-499.Yang J H,Chen D R,Wang S D,2013.Research on improving CINRAD detection ability in lower layers[J].Meteor Mon,3 9(4):494-4 99(in Chinese).
张培昌,杜秉玉,戴铁丕,2001.雷达气象学[M].北京:气象出版社:94-149.Zhang P C,Du B Y,Dai T P,2001.Radar Meteorology[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:94-149(in Chinese).
张扬成,游文华,高翔宇,等,2013.新一代天气雷达负仰角探测能力分析[J].气象科技,41(1):15-19.Zhang Y C,You W H,Gao X Y,et al,2013.Analysis of detection capability of CINRAD/SA using negative elevation angle[J].Meteor Sci Technol,41(1):15-19(in Chinese).
赵瑞金,杨彬云,2003.地理信息系统(GIS)在新一代天气雷达选址中的应用[J].气象,29(6):30-32.Zhao R J,Yang B Y,2003.Application of geographical information system to CINRAD,s siting[J].Meteor Mon,29(6):30-32(in Chinese).
Doviak R J, Zrnic D S,1993.Doppler Radar and Weather Observations[M].San Diego:Academic Press:10-29.
高飞,2013.天气雷达站址选择的有效地理视距分析[J].测绘科学,38(3):203-204.Gao F,2013.Discussion on CINRAD effective geographic range analysis system[J].Sci Surv Mapp,38(3):203-204(in Chinese).
勾亚彬,汪章维,刘黎平,等,2017.雷达波束部分遮挡识别应用及效果评估[J].高原气象,36(1):229-240.Gou Y B,Wang Z W,Liu L P,et al,2017.Application and evaluation of radar partial blockage identification[J].Plateau Meteor,36(1):229-240(inChinese).
郭方,2017.成都天府国际机场天气雷达站选址分析[J].气象水文海洋仪器,34(1):22-24.Guo F,2017.Analysis on site selection for weather radar station of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport[J].Meteor Hydrol Mar Instrum,34(1):22-24(in Chinese).
国家地震局地球物理研究所,1978.近震分析[M].北京:地震出版社:31-32.Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Adminis,1978.Near Earthquake Analysis[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:31-32(in Chinese).
黄太山,2014.巧用GIS空间叠置分析计算遮蔽角[J].北京测绘,(6):55-57.Huang T S,2014.Using the GIS spatial overlay analysis to calculate the defilade angle cleverly[J].Beijing Surv Mapp,(6):55-57(in Chinese).
李柏,古庆同,李瑞义,等,2013.新一代天气雷达灾害性天气监测能力分析及未来发展[J].气象,39(3):265-280.Li B,Gu Q T,Li R Y,et al,2013.Analyses on disastrous weather monitoring capability of CINRAD and future development[J].Meteor Mon,39(3):265-280(in Chinese).
梁成根,黄云仙,2008.天气雷达网资料拼图方法研究[J].计算机与现代化,(4):54-57.Liang C G,Huang Y X,2008.Study of method for weather radar network data mosaic[J].Comput Mod,(4):54-57(in Chinese).
刘娟,2015.CINRAD/SC新一代天气雷达回波地物检测与校正方法探讨[J].气象,41(10):1286-1291.Liu J,2015.Detection and correction discussion of ground echoes of CINRAD/SC new generation Doppler weather radar[J].Meteor Mon,41(10):1286-1291(in Chinese).
吕智,2012.地球球面和大气折射对气象雷达目标探测的影响[J].现代电子技术,35(12):119-122.Lu Z,2012.Influence of ground spherical surface and aerosphere refraction on target detection with airborne weather radar[J].Mod Electron Technol,35(12):119-122(in Chinese).
孙伟,2011.低空大气折射率的多普勒天气雷达探测和分析[D].南京:南京信息工程大学.Sun W,2011.Measurement and analysis of near-surface atmospheric refractivity with Doppler weather radar[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology(in Chinese).
万玉发,杨洪平,肖艳姣,等,2000.多普勒天气雷达站址视程的客观分析技术[J].应用气象学报,11(4):440-447.Wan Y F,Yang H P,Xiao Y J,et al,2000.An objective method for analyzing the horizon of Doppler weather radar stations[J].Quart J Appl Meteor,11(4):440-447(in Chinese).
王红艳,刘黎平,2015.新一代天气雷达降水估算的区域覆盖能力评估[J].高原气象,34(6):1772-1784.Wang H Y,Liu L P,2015.Assessment of CINRAD regional coverage for quantitative precipitation estimation[J].Plateau Meteor,34(6):1772-1784(inChinese).
王曙东,裴翀,郭志梅,等,2011.基于SRTM数据的中国新一代天气雷达覆盖和地形遮挡评估[J].气候与环境研究,16(4):459-468.Wang S D,Pei C,Guo Z M,et al,2011.Evaluations on Chinese next generation radars coverage and terrain blockage based on SRTM data[J].Climatic Environ Res,16(4):459-468(in Chinese).
韦清嫄,王龙波,2012.GIS在雷达站选址中的应用[J].测绘与空间地理信息,35(12):88-89,92.Wei Q Y,Wang L B,2012.Application of GIS in the location selection of radar station[J].Geomat Spat Inf Technol,35(12):88-89,92(in Chinese).
吴焕萍,2010.GIS技术在气象领域中的应用[J].气象,36(3):90-100,Wu H P,2010.Application of GIS in meteorology[J].Meteor Mon,36(3):90-100(in Chinese).
徐八林,刘黎平,杨明,等,2006.高山雷达站选址对估测降水的影响分析[J].气象科技,34(3):340-343.Xu B L,Liu L P,Yang M,et al,2006.Impact analysis of radar location on precipitation estimation over alpine areas[J].Meteor Sci Technol,34(3):340-343(in Chinese).
徐鸣一,李峰,夏元彩,等,2017.新一代天气雷达2009—2014年运行状态分析[J].气象,43(3):365-372.Xu M Y,Li F,Xia Y C,et al,2017.Analysis of CINRAD radar operation status during2009-2014[J].Meteor Mon,43(3):365-372(in Chinese).
杨洪平,张沛源,程明虎,等,2009.多普勒天气雷达组网拼图有效数据区域分析[J].应用气象学报,20(1):47-55.Yang H P,Zhang P Y,Cheng M H,et al,2009.The valid mosaic data region of the CINRAD network[J].J Appl Meteor Sci,20(1):47-55(in Chinese).
杨金红,陈大任,王曙东,2013.改进新一代天气雷达低层探测能力研究[J].气象,39(4):494-499.Yang J H,Chen D R,Wang S D,2013.Research on improving CINRAD detection ability in lower layers[J].Meteor Mon,3 9(4):494-4 99(in Chinese).
张培昌,杜秉玉,戴铁丕,2001.雷达气象学[M].北京:气象出版社:94-149.Zhang P C,Du B Y,Dai T P,2001.Radar Meteorology[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:94-149(in Chinese).
张扬成,游文华,高翔宇,等,2013.新一代天气雷达负仰角探测能力分析[J].气象科技,41(1):15-19.Zhang Y C,You W H,Gao X Y,et al,2013.Analysis of detection capability of CINRAD/SA using negative elevation angle[J].Meteor Sci Technol,41(1):15-19(in Chinese).
赵瑞金,杨彬云,2003.地理信息系统(GIS)在新一代天气雷达选址中的应用[J].气象,29(6):30-32.Zhao R J,Yang B Y,2003.Application of geographical information system to CINRAD,s siting[J].Meteor Mon,29(6):30-32(in Chinese).
Doviak R J, Zrnic D S,1993.Doppler Radar and Weather Observations[M].San Diego:Academic Press:10-29.