柴达木盆地北缘东段石炭系残留分布及控制因素
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摘要
柴达木盆地北缘东段石炭系是侏罗系之外的另一套有利生烃层系,针对前人"石炭系为广泛分布于柴达木盆地各残留凹陷"的普遍认识与实际钻探不相符的矛盾,笔者充分利用野外地质调查、钻井、地震、电法等成果资料,通过露头引层、钻井标定、地震相与速度谱识别等方法手段,进行了石炭系顶底界面的追踪解释,重新厘定了柴北缘东段石炭系残留地层分布,并通过平衡剖面恢复分析了自古生代以来的构造演化特征及其对石炭系残留分布的控制作用。结果表明,柴达木盆地东部石炭系平面上残留分布于西段的尕丘凹陷和东段的欧南、霍布逊、德令哈等凹陷,发育尕丘、欧南、霍布逊等多个厚度中心;西段尕西—鱼卡凹陷、马海大红沟凸起、大柴旦凹陷、红山—小柴旦凹陷等基本无石炭系残留;印支末期构造运动造成不同构造单元的差异隆升剥蚀是控制石炭系残留分布及其厚度差异的主要因素,燕山晚期和喜山晚期构造运动造成残留分布的分隔性较强。
Carboniferous is another favourable hydrocarbon source rocks in the eastern section of North Qaidam,besides the Jurassic.There are some conflicts between the drilling data and the previous view that Carboniferous deposited in broad basin and the residue stratum distributed in some of the present sag.The author made full use of the achievement data such as field geological investigation,drilling,seismic,electrical,etc.By using the methods of the outcrops,drilling calibration,seismic facies and velocity spectrum recognition,we traced and interpreted the top and bottom interface of the Carboniferous.The distribution of Carboniferous residual stratum of the eastern section of North Qaidam has been redetermined.According to the balanced section,the characteristics of basin tectonic evolution were analyzed and its impact on the Carboniferous strata distribution were explored.The results show that there was a complete transgressive sedimentary cycle in Carboniferous of the eastern section of Qaidam.Residual stratum is mainly distributed in the western section of Gaqiu sag and eastern section of Ounan sag,Huobuxun sag and Delinha sag.There is almost no Carboniferous residual in the western section of Gaxi-Yuqia sag,Mahai-Dahonggou salient,Dachaidan sag and Hongshan-Xiaochaidan sag.The Carboniferous residual strata distribution is controlled by the tectonic movement in the later period of Indo-Chinese epoch.Affected by the Yanshanian-Himalayan tectonic movement,there were strong separation in the distribution of Carboniferous residual stratum.
Carboniferous is another favourable hydrocarbon source rocks in the eastern section of North Qaidam,besides the Jurassic.There are some conflicts between the drilling data and the previous view that Carboniferous deposited in broad basin and the residue stratum distributed in some of the present sag.The author made full use of the achievement data such as field geological investigation,drilling,seismic,electrical,etc.By using the methods of the outcrops,drilling calibration,seismic facies and velocity spectrum recognition,we traced and interpreted the top and bottom interface of the Carboniferous.The distribution of Carboniferous residual stratum of the eastern section of North Qaidam has been redetermined.According to the balanced section,the characteristics of basin tectonic evolution were analyzed and its impact on the Carboniferous strata distribution were explored.The results show that there was a complete transgressive sedimentary cycle in Carboniferous of the eastern section of Qaidam.Residual stratum is mainly distributed in the western section of Gaqiu sag and eastern section of Ounan sag,Huobuxun sag and Delinha sag.There is almost no Carboniferous residual in the western section of Gaxi-Yuqia sag,Mahai-Dahonggou salient,Dachaidan sag and Hongshan-Xiaochaidan sag.The Carboniferous residual strata distribution is controlled by the tectonic movement in the later period of Indo-Chinese epoch.Affected by the Yanshanian-Himalayan tectonic movement,there were strong separation in the distribution of Carboniferous residual stratum.
引文
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[23]陈能松,王勤燕,陈强,等.柴达木和欧龙布鲁克陆块基底的组成和变质作用及中国中西部古大陆演化关系初探[J].地学前缘,2007,14(1):43-55.
[24]陈志勇,肖安成,周苏平,等.柴达木盆地侏罗系分布的主控因素研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):149-155.
[2]孙娇鹏,尹成明,陈世悦,等.柴达木盆地北缘晚石炭世构造环境及物源:以石浅1井为例[J].地质通报,2016,35(2/3):302-311.
[3]邵龙义,李猛,李永红,等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系页岩气地质特征及控制因素[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):311-322.
[4]隋立伟,方世虎,孙永河,等.柴达木盆地西部狮子沟—英东构造带构造演化及控藏特征[J].地学前缘,2014,21(1):261-270.
[5]陈世悦,毕明威,孙娇鹏,等.柴北缘上古生界混合沉积特征及控制因素[J].地质通报,2016,35(2/3):282-292.
[6]方世虎,赵孟军,张水昌,等.柴达木盆地北缘构造控藏特征与油气勘探方向[J].地学前缘,2013,20(5):132-138.
[7]孙娇鹏,陈世悦,彭渊,等.柴北缘构造带泥盆纪构造属性研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(2):23-30.
[8]张守仁,曹代勇,戴俊生,等.柴达木盆地北缘块断带的扭动构造与阿尔金构造体系的关系[J].大地构造与成矿学,2000,24(3):218-223.
[9]周炎如,李相博,袁剑英.祁连—柴达木构造域盆地-造山带耦合构造体系[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(5):387-390.
[10]狄恒恕,王松贵.柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代构造演化探讨[J].地球科学,1991,16(5):533-539.
[11]孙娇鹏,陈世悦,胡忠亚,等.柴东北缘古生代碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩混积相发育特征及组合模式研究[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(10):1586-1593.
[12]邵文斌,彭立才,汪立群,等.柴达木盆地北缘井下石炭系烃源岩的发现及其地质意义[J].石油学报,2006,27(4):36-39.
[13]马寅生,尹成明,刘成林,等.柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源调查评价进展[J].地球学报,2012,33(2):135-144.
[14]刘洛夫.柴达木盆地东部地区烃源岩的生源与沉积环境[J].古地理学报,2001,3(2):82-91.
[15]商琳,戴俊生,王彤达,等.基于新钻井对柴达木盆地东部石炭系分布及控制因素的再认识[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(2):25-31.
[16]尹成明,王财富,马寅生,等.柴达木盆地石炭系地球物理特征及解释[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(4):1869-1876.
[17]袁亚娟,夏斌,吕宝凤,等.柴北缘东段石炭纪沉积特征及原型盆地恢复[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2012,32(1):12-17.
[18]王训练,高金汉,张海军,等.柴达木盆地北缘石炭系顶、底界线再认识[J].地学前缘,2002,9(3):65-72.
[19]李军亮,肖永军,林武,等.柴达木盆地东部地区中下侏罗统残留分布及控制因素[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(10):1893-1900.
[20]青藏油气区石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志青藏油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990.
[21]汤良杰,金之钧,张明利,等.柴达木震旦纪—三叠纪盆地演化研究[J].地质科学,1999,34(3):289-300.
[22]陈宣华,Mcrivette M W,李丽,等.东昆仑造山带多期隆升历史的地质热年代学证据[J].地质通报,2011,30(11):1647-1659.
[23]陈能松,王勤燕,陈强,等.柴达木和欧龙布鲁克陆块基底的组成和变质作用及中国中西部古大陆演化关系初探[J].地学前缘,2007,14(1):43-55.
[24]陈志勇,肖安成,周苏平,等.柴达木盆地侏罗系分布的主控因素研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):149-155.