关中盆地上新世地层形成时代、层序划分及沉积相特征研究
|
摘要
关中盆地位于华北板块西南缘,为一新生代断陷盆地,具典型地堑形态,沉积巨厚的新生代地层。针对盆地新近纪上新世地层形成时代有争议、地层层序划分不明确、沉积相界定较笼统等问题,利用钻测井资料及野外调研,结合前人研究成果,对盆地新生代地层进行了重新划分,明确了上新世各地层形成时代及其地层层序划分和沉积相类型。研究结果表明,上新统可划分为蓝田组(11Ma—7 Ma)、灞河组(7.3 Ma—2.6 Ma)、张家坡组(3.4 Ma—2.6 Ma);新生代层序地层可划分为古近系构造层序、中新统构造层序、上新统构造层序和第四系构造层序等4个一级层序,存在6个构造层序界面。蓝田组以"三趾马红黏土"的风成沉积为特征。灞河组沉积时期,关中盆地的西安凹陷为一套冲(洪)积相、河流、三角洲相沉积,固市凹陷为一套冲(洪)积、河流、三角洲及滨浅湖相沉积;盆地边部开始出现小范围的风成黏土沉积。张家坡组以河湖相沉积为主,沉积中心向南移;盆地南北两侧或边部为冲(洪)积扇相、河流相及三角洲相沉积,边部也有小范围的风成黏土沉积。
The Guangzhong basin,located in the southwest margin of the North China plate,is a Cenozoic fault basin characterized by typical graben morphology and thick Cenozoic strata.In view of the controversy over the formation age of the Pliocene strata,the unclear stratigraphic sequence division and the definition of the sedimentary facies in the basin and so on the Cenozoic strata in the basin are redivided and the stratigraphic age,stratigraphic sequence characteristics and sedimentary facies types of Pliocene are identified based on data from drilling and logging,field research and previous research results.The Pliocene series can be divided into Lantian Formation(7 Ma—11 Ma),Bahe Formation(7.3 Ma—2.6 Ma)and Zhangjiapo Formation(3.4 Ma—2.6 Ma);Sequence stratigraphy can be divided into 4 first order sequences,including Paleogene tectonic sequence,Miocene structural sequence,Pliocene structural sequence and Quaternary tectonic sequence.There are 6 tectonic sequence interfaces.Lantian Formation is characteristic of the eolian sedimentary " Hipparion red clay".In the deposition period of Bahe Formation,Xi'an sag is of the alluvia(proluvium),fluvial,delta facies,the Gushi sag alluvia(proluvium),fluvial,delta and shore-shallow lacustri facies and aeolian clay deposits began to appear small areas at the edge.Zhangjiapo Formation is dominated by fluvial-lacustrine facies with sedimentary center moving to south and are alluvial fan facies,fluvial delta facies deposit,and aeolian clay deposits began to appear small areas at the edge.
The Guangzhong basin,located in the southwest margin of the North China plate,is a Cenozoic fault basin characterized by typical graben morphology and thick Cenozoic strata.In view of the controversy over the formation age of the Pliocene strata,the unclear stratigraphic sequence division and the definition of the sedimentary facies in the basin and so on the Cenozoic strata in the basin are redivided and the stratigraphic age,stratigraphic sequence characteristics and sedimentary facies types of Pliocene are identified based on data from drilling and logging,field research and previous research results.The Pliocene series can be divided into Lantian Formation(7 Ma—11 Ma),Bahe Formation(7.3 Ma—2.6 Ma)and Zhangjiapo Formation(3.4 Ma—2.6 Ma);Sequence stratigraphy can be divided into 4 first order sequences,including Paleogene tectonic sequence,Miocene structural sequence,Pliocene structural sequence and Quaternary tectonic sequence.There are 6 tectonic sequence interfaces.Lantian Formation is characteristic of the eolian sedimentary " Hipparion red clay".In the deposition period of Bahe Formation,Xi'an sag is of the alluvia(proluvium),fluvial,delta facies,the Gushi sag alluvia(proluvium),fluvial,delta and shore-shallow lacustri facies and aeolian clay deposits began to appear small areas at the edge.Zhangjiapo Formation is dominated by fluvial-lacustrine facies with sedimentary center moving to south and are alluvial fan facies,fluvial delta facies deposit,and aeolian clay deposits began to appear small areas at the edge.
引文
[1]第三普查勘探大队.汾渭盆地石油普查阶段性地质成果报告[R].陕西咸阳:第三普查勘探大队,1960.
[2]胡孟春.渭河盆地的地质构造与构造地貌类型[J].地理研究,1989,8(4):56-64.
[3]彭建兵,苏生瑞.渭河盆地活断层与地质灾害的分维特征[J].西北大学学报,1993,23(6):555-561.
[4]侯建军,韩慕康.渭河盆地全新世隐伏构造活动[J].地理学报,1994,49(3):258-265.
[5]童国榜,吴锡浩,陈云,等.渭河谷地晚新生代地表环境巨变的孢粉记录[J].地质力学学报,2000,6(4):11-18.
[6]刘护军.渭河盆地的形成演化与东秦岭的隆升[D].西安:西北大学,2004:1-90.
[7]刘护军,薛祥煦.对渭河盆地新生界及其年代的讨论[J].地球科学与环境学报,2004,26(4):1-5.
[8]师亚芹,冯希杰,截王强,等.渭河断裂西安段的展布及其结构特征.地震学报[J].2008,30(6):634-647.
[9]王红伟,刘宝宪,马占荣,等.渭河盆地前新生界分布的物探特征及油气成藏条件分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1280-287.
[10]王斌.渭河盆地新生代沉积演化:盆山耦合与风尘沉积[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
[11]刘林,芮会超,陈宝赟.渭河盆地天然气类型、成因特征及找矿远景分析[J].地质力学学报,2016,22(2):256-268.
[12]王佟,王莹.陕西渭河盆地地热资源赋存特征研究[J].西安科技学院学报,2004,24(1):82-85.
[13]樊小舟,齐新刚.陕西三原县地热发育特征及成井条件[J].地下水,2007,29(2):96-100.
[14]李荣西,刘建朝,魏刚峰,等.渭河盆地地热水水溶烃类[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(5):774-780.
[15]张雪.渭河盆地地热水溶气资源分布规律研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012.
[16]孙红丽.关中盆地地热资源赋存特征及成因模式研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2015.
[17]周少伟,江桂,谷开拓,等.大地电磁测深在西安凹陷基底探测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017(5):2274-2280.
[18]杜建军,马寅生,黎敦朋.关中盆地东南缘主要断裂晚更新世以来的活动性及灾害效应[J].地球学报,2017,38(b11):55-58.
[19]杨晨艺.关中盆地北缘口镇—关山断裂活动性研究[D].西安:西北大学,2015:1-65.
[20]任隽.关中盆地深部地壳结构探测与盆地构造研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012:1-70.
[21]Duan H,Li L,Zhai H.Characteristics of crustal horizontal strain in the Guangzhong Basin of China[J].Advances in Earth&Environmental Sciences,2013,189:109-116.
[22]王建强,刘池洋,高飞,等.陕西渭河盆地前新生界地质特征及其油气意义[J].地质通报,2015,34(10):1981-1991.
[23]李玉宏,卢进才,李金超,等.渭河盆地富氦天然气井分布特征与氦气成因[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011(s1):47-53.
[24]符卉.关中盆地古近系沉积特征与古地理特征分析[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015:1-52.
[25]夏勇.渭河盆地新生代沉积特征及与构造的关系[D].西安:长安大学,2007:1-73.
[26]柴先平.西安地热水伴生富氦天然气成因研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007:1-50.
[27]王斌,郑洪波,何忠,等.基于磁性地层的渭河盆地灞河组研究[J].高校地质学报,2014(3):415-424.
[28]刘东生,丁梦麟,高福清.西安蓝田间新生界地层剖面[J].地质科学,1960(4):199-208.
[29]张玉萍.陕西蓝田地区新世界[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[30]Zheng H,An Z,Shaw J.New contribution to Chinese PlioPleistocene magnetostratigraphy[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1992,70:146-153.
[31]李智超,李文厚,李永项,等.关中盆地新生代沉积相研究[J].古地理学报,2015,17(4):529-540.
[32]李钰,符彩云.渭河盆地上新统沉积相研究[J].地下水,2015(1):185-187.
[33]郭西锋,韩斌虎.关中盆地新近系灞河组—蓝田组沉积相研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,34(18):96-98.
[34]刘志武,周立发.渭河盆地新生代构造-沉积格局与油气成藏潜力初探[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(5):708-715.
[35]何康宁.河套盆地呼和坳陷油气成藏地质条件分析[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015:1-50.
[2]胡孟春.渭河盆地的地质构造与构造地貌类型[J].地理研究,1989,8(4):56-64.
[3]彭建兵,苏生瑞.渭河盆地活断层与地质灾害的分维特征[J].西北大学学报,1993,23(6):555-561.
[4]侯建军,韩慕康.渭河盆地全新世隐伏构造活动[J].地理学报,1994,49(3):258-265.
[5]童国榜,吴锡浩,陈云,等.渭河谷地晚新生代地表环境巨变的孢粉记录[J].地质力学学报,2000,6(4):11-18.
[6]刘护军.渭河盆地的形成演化与东秦岭的隆升[D].西安:西北大学,2004:1-90.
[7]刘护军,薛祥煦.对渭河盆地新生界及其年代的讨论[J].地球科学与环境学报,2004,26(4):1-5.
[8]师亚芹,冯希杰,截王强,等.渭河断裂西安段的展布及其结构特征.地震学报[J].2008,30(6):634-647.
[9]王红伟,刘宝宪,马占荣,等.渭河盆地前新生界分布的物探特征及油气成藏条件分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1280-287.
[10]王斌.渭河盆地新生代沉积演化:盆山耦合与风尘沉积[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
[11]刘林,芮会超,陈宝赟.渭河盆地天然气类型、成因特征及找矿远景分析[J].地质力学学报,2016,22(2):256-268.
[12]王佟,王莹.陕西渭河盆地地热资源赋存特征研究[J].西安科技学院学报,2004,24(1):82-85.
[13]樊小舟,齐新刚.陕西三原县地热发育特征及成井条件[J].地下水,2007,29(2):96-100.
[14]李荣西,刘建朝,魏刚峰,等.渭河盆地地热水水溶烃类[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(5):774-780.
[15]张雪.渭河盆地地热水溶气资源分布规律研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012.
[16]孙红丽.关中盆地地热资源赋存特征及成因模式研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2015.
[17]周少伟,江桂,谷开拓,等.大地电磁测深在西安凹陷基底探测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017(5):2274-2280.
[18]杜建军,马寅生,黎敦朋.关中盆地东南缘主要断裂晚更新世以来的活动性及灾害效应[J].地球学报,2017,38(b11):55-58.
[19]杨晨艺.关中盆地北缘口镇—关山断裂活动性研究[D].西安:西北大学,2015:1-65.
[20]任隽.关中盆地深部地壳结构探测与盆地构造研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012:1-70.
[21]Duan H,Li L,Zhai H.Characteristics of crustal horizontal strain in the Guangzhong Basin of China[J].Advances in Earth&Environmental Sciences,2013,189:109-116.
[22]王建强,刘池洋,高飞,等.陕西渭河盆地前新生界地质特征及其油气意义[J].地质通报,2015,34(10):1981-1991.
[23]李玉宏,卢进才,李金超,等.渭河盆地富氦天然气井分布特征与氦气成因[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011(s1):47-53.
[24]符卉.关中盆地古近系沉积特征与古地理特征分析[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015:1-52.
[25]夏勇.渭河盆地新生代沉积特征及与构造的关系[D].西安:长安大学,2007:1-73.
[26]柴先平.西安地热水伴生富氦天然气成因研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007:1-50.
[27]王斌,郑洪波,何忠,等.基于磁性地层的渭河盆地灞河组研究[J].高校地质学报,2014(3):415-424.
[28]刘东生,丁梦麟,高福清.西安蓝田间新生界地层剖面[J].地质科学,1960(4):199-208.
[29]张玉萍.陕西蓝田地区新世界[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[30]Zheng H,An Z,Shaw J.New contribution to Chinese PlioPleistocene magnetostratigraphy[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1992,70:146-153.
[31]李智超,李文厚,李永项,等.关中盆地新生代沉积相研究[J].古地理学报,2015,17(4):529-540.
[32]李钰,符彩云.渭河盆地上新统沉积相研究[J].地下水,2015(1):185-187.
[33]郭西锋,韩斌虎.关中盆地新近系灞河组—蓝田组沉积相研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,34(18):96-98.
[34]刘志武,周立发.渭河盆地新生代构造-沉积格局与油气成藏潜力初探[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(5):708-715.
[35]何康宁.河套盆地呼和坳陷油气成藏地质条件分析[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015:1-50.