木薯茎秆栽培基质氮磷钾养分变化规律研究
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摘要
旨在探明木薯茎秆栽培基质氮、磷、钾养分变化规律,为木薯茎秆栽培基质的推广应用及有机基质栽培的养分调控提供科学依据。在未添加外源养分的条件下,以盆栽法对比研究了木薯茎秆栽培基质在种植番茄和不种植番茄2种情况下其氮、磷、钾、pH值及EC值在番茄不同生育期的变化情况。在番茄整个生育期内,木薯茎秆栽培基质pH 7.28～7.86,EC 3.28～1432μs/cm,符合栽培基质要求;全氮、碱解氮含量变化整体呈"降-升-降"趋势;全磷、速效磷含量整体呈上升趋势;番茄幼苗期前,全钾、速效钾易淋失而导致含量迅速降低,幼苗期之后,全钾、速效钾含量保持在一个相对稳定的水平;"木薯茎秆栽培基质+番茄"和"木薯茎秆栽培基质"氮、磷、钾养分变化规律相似,2种处理基质的氮、磷、钾养分含量基本相同,当茬番茄从木薯茎秆基质中吸收的氮、磷、钾养分是少量的,因此,以木薯茎秆栽培基质种植植物时,必须及时施(追)肥以保证植物的健康生长。
The aim of this study is to clarify the nutrient change rules of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in cassava stalk cultivation substrate, so as to provide a scientific basis for the popularization and application ofcassava stalk cultivation substrate and nutrient control in organic substrate cultivation. Under the condition of noadding exogenous nutrient, the change rules of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH value and EC value ofcassava stalk substrate at different growth stages of tomato were compared under two conditions of plantingtomato and no planting tomato by pot method. During the whole growth period of tomato, the cassava stalksubstrate p H value was 7.28-7.86, and the EC value was 3.28-1432 μs/cm, both pH value and EC valueconformed to the requirements of cultivation substrate. The changes of total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysisnitrogen were"down-up-down". The contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus showed anincreased trend. Before tomato seedling stage, the contents of total potassium and available potassium decreasedrapidly due to leaching, but they kept a stable level after tomato seedling stage. The nutrient change rules ofnitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in"cassava stalk cultivation substrate + tomato"were similar to the nutrientchange rules of"cassava stalk cultivation substrate". The nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium with the two treatments were almost at the same level. The seasonal tomato adsorbed few nutrient ofnitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from cassava stalk cultivation substrate. Therefore, when we cultivate plants in cassava stalk cultivation substrate, we must supply fertilizer in time to ensure the healthy growth of plants.
The aim of this study is to clarify the nutrient change rules of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in cassava stalk cultivation substrate, so as to provide a scientific basis for the popularization and application ofcassava stalk cultivation substrate and nutrient control in organic substrate cultivation. Under the condition of noadding exogenous nutrient, the change rules of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH value and EC value ofcassava stalk substrate at different growth stages of tomato were compared under two conditions of plantingtomato and no planting tomato by pot method. During the whole growth period of tomato, the cassava stalksubstrate p H value was 7.28-7.86, and the EC value was 3.28-1432 μs/cm, both pH value and EC valueconformed to the requirements of cultivation substrate. The changes of total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysisnitrogen were"down-up-down". The contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus showed anincreased trend. Before tomato seedling stage, the contents of total potassium and available potassium decreasedrapidly due to leaching, but they kept a stable level after tomato seedling stage. The nutrient change rules ofnitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in"cassava stalk cultivation substrate + tomato"were similar to the nutrientchange rules of"cassava stalk cultivation substrate". The nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium with the two treatments were almost at the same level. The seasonal tomato adsorbed few nutrient ofnitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from cassava stalk cultivation substrate. Therefore, when we cultivate plants in cassava stalk cultivation substrate, we must supply fertilizer in time to ensure the healthy growth of plants.
引文
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[14]陈小灵,袁同印,黎明,等.盆栽牡丹叶片营养和基质速效养分动态变化分析[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(10):76-78.
[15]孙治强,卢继锋,张惠梅.花生壳和鸡粪复合基质中养分含量变化规律研究[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2008,26(5):454-457.
[16]李建明,王忠红,邹志荣.不同配比有机基质养分转化与甜瓜生长发育关系[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(3):427-431.
[17]柴喜荣,程智慧,孟焕文,等.有机基质栽培番茄氮磷钾养分吸收与基质养分释放规律的研究[J].北方园艺,2011(16):4-7.
[18]许杰,林电,林建明.基质在热带兰栽培过程中的养分释放研究[J].北方园艺,2012(2):154-158.
[19]董亮.栽培基质pH值的调节实验研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2005:1-5,11.
[20]郭世荣.固体栽培基质研究、开发现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(S):1-4.
[21]李海燕,李絮花,王克安,等.蘑菇渣替代草炭的栽培基质对番茄幼苗氮素状况的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(31):244-247.
[2]蒋卫杰,余宏军.蔬菜有机生态型无土栽培营养生理研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2005(增刊):27-31.
[3]蒋卫杰,郑光华,白纲义.有机生态型无土栽培技术及营养生理基础[J].园艺学报,1996,23(2):139-144.
[4]贺超兴,舒海波,张志斌.有机土基质栽培方式影响温室黄瓜产量品质的研究[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(7):56-59.
[5]密其鹏,王献杰,曹荣利,等.有机番茄的有机基质栽培配方研究[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(12):125-128.
[6]李光义,田丰,侯宪文,等.两种菌剂对木薯秆基质发酵效果的影响[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(3):417-422.
[7]李光义,李勤奋,张晶元.木薯茎秆基质化的堆肥工艺及评价[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):320-325.
[8]李光义,侯宪文,邹雨坤,等.木薯茎秆基质育苗效果研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(2):146-150.
[9]徐琼华,徐峥嵘.基质中氮磷钾施用量与番茄幼苗生长关系及优化研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2015,6:5-7.
[10]宋小艺,徐坤,王忠宾,等.有机土基质栽培对生姜产量及氮磷钾利用效率的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2012(14):59-64.
[11]赵云霞,杨冬艳,杨常新,等.复配柠条基质番茄栽培中氮磷钾的优化配施方案[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(4):78-82.
[12]杜少平,马忠明,薛亮.氮磷钾配施对砂田西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):468-475.
[13]张恩平,谭福雷,王月,等.氮磷钾与有机肥配施对番茄产量品质及土壤酶活性的影响[J].园艺学报,2015,42(10):2059-2067.
[14]陈小灵,袁同印,黎明,等.盆栽牡丹叶片营养和基质速效养分动态变化分析[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(10):76-78.
[15]孙治强,卢继锋,张惠梅.花生壳和鸡粪复合基质中养分含量变化规律研究[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2008,26(5):454-457.
[16]李建明,王忠红,邹志荣.不同配比有机基质养分转化与甜瓜生长发育关系[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(3):427-431.
[17]柴喜荣,程智慧,孟焕文,等.有机基质栽培番茄氮磷钾养分吸收与基质养分释放规律的研究[J].北方园艺,2011(16):4-7.
[18]许杰,林电,林建明.基质在热带兰栽培过程中的养分释放研究[J].北方园艺,2012(2):154-158.
[19]董亮.栽培基质pH值的调节实验研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2005:1-5,11.
[20]郭世荣.固体栽培基质研究、开发现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(S):1-4.
[21]李海燕,李絮花,王克安,等.蘑菇渣替代草炭的栽培基质对番茄幼苗氮素状况的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(31):244-247.